Plant Remedies Research Articles

Food resilience and adaptation on the move: the importance of fostering studies on the Romani local knowledge systems

This analysis explores the food local knowledge of the Romani people in Italy, one of the most significant and historically marginalised ethnic groups in Europe. Despite their centuries-long presence across European countries, the Romani community’s culinary and herbal practices have often been overlooked. A preliminary study on Romani domestic food and home (plant) remedies was conducted via 106 interviews in Turin, Rome, and Naples during the past fifteen years among urban Romani community members (who migrated to Italy from Romania and Serbia approximately three decades ago). By examining Romani’s local food knowledge systems, this research highlights the importance of food ritual practices for preserving identity, fostering resilience, and bridging cultural divides; however, the data also show the plastic adaptability of Romani practices. Most quoted herbal items overlap the ones of the Balkan cultures where they lived together for centuries (Romanians and Serbs). The presented preliminary data insights into how the Romani diaspora in Italy has navigated cultural, economic, and social challenges through sophisticated mimicry and constant adaptation to new environments and cultures. Further understanding the Romani food ecological perceptions and ethnobotanical knowledge may be essential for improving social cohesion, challenging stereotypes, recognising the community’s valuable contributions to European cultural diversity and, in general, building a more inclusive ethnobiology.

Formulation and evaluation of anti-arthritic potential of ointment based on flavonoids and tannins of Aristolochia longa against induced arthritis model in Wistar rats

Aristolochia longa, belonging to the Aristolochiaceae family, helps treatvarious diseases such as cancer, abdominal pain and upper respiratory tract infections. The present work aims to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of ointments based on the flavonoids and tannins of Aristolochia longa. The acute dermal toxicity has been evaluated using Wistar rats. Then, the formulated ointments were considered for physicochemical parameters and microbiological analysis. The stability study was conducted at 4°C, 25°C and 37°C during 28 days. However, the skin tolerance test of ointments was performed by measuring the primary irritation index. In vivo, the anti-arthritic potential of the formulations was evaluated by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis method. The degree of inflammation and anti-arthritic effects were assessed by radiological and histological analysis of knee joints. The results revealed that the Lethal dose 50 (LD50) was more significant than 5000 mg/kg. The microbiological and physicochemical parameters of formulations were found to be satisfactory.The stability testshowed a stable homogenous appearance, and no pathogens were revealed. At the same time, the microbial parameters were discarded on the 28th day of exposure. The skin irritant effect indicated that the prepared formulations were safe. The radiological profile and histological analysis showed an anti-inflammatory effect in the treated group by F1 and F2 formulations, reducing infiltration cellular, pannus formation and bone erosion. Leaves and roots of A. longa can be used as plant remedies for Rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory diseases.

A Comprehensive Drug Review on <i>Cuntai Varral Cūranam</i> for its Anti-diabetic Potential on <i>Matumēkam</i> (Type II Diabetes Mellitus)

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by inadequate insulin production by the pancreas or insufficient insulin utilisation by the body. WHO (World Health Organisation) estimates that Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) account for 75% of all worldwide fatalities and 2 million death per year account due to diabetes including kidney disease. The prevalence of DM is comparatively higher in lower and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. The IDF states that approximately 10.5% of adults aged 20 to 79 have diabetes, and half of them are unaware of their condition It is estimated that by 2045, the number of adults living with diabetes will rise to 46%. Diabetes Mellitus can be clinically correlated with signs and symptoms of Inippu nīr (NSMC-XGB 1.4) and Matumēkam and its complications stated as in Avattaikal in Siddha text. Traditional plant remedies for diabetes have been considered excellent oral therapeutic options due to their effectiveness, safety and less adverse effects. Cuntai Varral Cūranam (CVC) is the polyherbal formulation prescribed as a single or supplemental drug for gastrointestinal disorders and used in the management of DM and its ailments in practice. This study aims to review the Anti-diabetic efficacy of CVC through its phytochemical, pharmacological aspects, and basic Siddha principle (Mukkurram, cuvai, vīriyam and vipākam) for the ingredients of CVC. The pharmacological actions like anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and anti-microbial activities and the enzyme inhibition pathways of the ingredients were analysed. The result suggested that CVC might be an effective anti-diabetic drug in the management of DM and its complications due to its synergistic effect.

Flowers vs. Devils: plants used against witchcraft in the urbanized Sonora Market, Mexico City

Mexican markets embody cultural diversity and offer a wide range of products, serving as hubs for local exchange.In our study at Mexico City's Sonora Market, the country's prominent medicinal market, we explored the use of plant remedies against witchcraft in an urban environment. Through interviews with plant vendors and extensive data collection, we identified 21 plant species from 16 botanical families renowned for their effectiveness in combating sorcery, attracting good luck, and promoting success. Additionally, we documented 14 ailments associated with envy and negative emotions. These remedies involved practices and applications such as cleansings, decoctions, baths, and incense burning, aimed at alleviating afflictions and fostering positive outcomes. Notably, the Sonora Market continues to uphold the tradition of using plant remedies against witchcraft, even in the bustling setting of one of the world's largest cities. This highlights the enduring significance of these practices within Mexican society.

Exploring the Role of Traditional Plant Remedies in Treating Respiratory Diseases in Livestock: A Study in Delhi NCR

This study investigates the role of traditional plant remedies in treating respiratory diseases in livestock in Delhi NCR. A sample of 409 households was surveyed using a structured questionnaire to assess the frequency of remedy use and its effect on reducing respiratory symptoms. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results indicate a significant positive relationship between traditional remedy usage and the improvement of respiratory health in livestock. The study highlights the potential benefits of traditional practices for livestock health management in rural and peri-urban areas. It contributes valuable insights for policymakers and veterinarians aiming to integrate traditional knowledge with modern veterinary practices to enhance animal welfare.

Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal tree species used in the treatment of diseases by forest-fringe communities of Southwestern Ghana

Demand for medicinal plant remedies is rising globally, while indigenous knowledge about medicinal plants is declining rapidly. The preservation of indigenous knowledge is critical in discovering and developing innovative drugs. The ongoing discussions on providing nature-based solutions to contemporary issues make it urgent to document indigenous knowledge about medicinal trees, especially in areas with limited or no studies such as our study area. Our study aimed to understand the use of medicinal trees among the communities fringing the Asukese and Amama Shelterbelt Forest Reserves. We administered structured questionnaires and interviewed 88 respondents who were selected using snowball and simple random techniques. The ethnobotanical survey data were processed and evaluated using parameters such as Indigenous Knowledge Index (IKI), Relative Citation Frequency (RCF), Species Use Value (SUV), Family Use Value (FUV), and Plant Part Value (PPV). We found that ethnobotanical knowledge about medicinal trees was higher in respondents who were widowed or had larger number of dependants. We found that the local communities used diverse medicinal trees (70 species belonging to 33 families) to treat 83 ailments. Azadirachta indica had the highest RCF (8.9) and SUV (23.4). The other top four species according to the SUV were Alstonia boonei (SUV = 11.1), Khaya senegalensis (SUV = 10.7), Moringa oleifera (SUV = 10.3) and Cocos nucifera (SUV = 10.2). The most-well represented and valuable families were Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, Meliaceae, Arecaceae, Rubiaceae and Malvaceae. Medicinal trees had alternative uses such as food, fodder, fuelwood, and construction material. Indigenous knowledge about medicinal trees was transmitted to younger generations predominantly by parents. The results show that the most known botanical families and species with the most useful parts were the most useful plant families and species. Thus, the selection of medicinal trees was driven by their traits. Furthermore, results indicate that species diversity is critical to the healthcare needs of local communities and that their conservation and sustainable use and the preservation of indigenous knowledge are crucial to ensuring good health and the general well-being of local communities of all ages.

An ethno-botanical study of medicinal plants used for the management of respiratory tract disorders in northern parts of Palestine

BackgroundThe medicinal application of natural plant remedies is well established. These medicinal plants are still in use within the Palestinian community to treat several illnesses. This research is intended to study the use of natural plants to treat different types of respiratory tract disorders.MethodThis ethno botanical study focused on the medicinal plants that are used to treat respiratory diseases in the northern part of Palestine; Nablus, Tulkarm, Qalqilia, and Jenin. A questionnaire was distributed to 120 respondents. The data obtained included names of the plants used, the parts used, the diseases for which the products were applied, as well as the method of preparation. To evaluate results, percentages (%), Fic (factor of informant consensus), and FL (fidelity-level) were calculated.ResultsA total of 120 participants were selected for the final analysis. The highest percentage of herbal use was reported for flu 85.8% (103 participants) followed by cough 83.3%, while the lowest percentage of users was for bronchitis with 54.1%. The study showed that 31 plant species of 19 families were used for respiratory disorders treatment. Six species were from the Lamiaceae family, three species from the Apiaceae family, two species from Amaryllidaceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Rutaceae and Zingiberaceae, and one plant species for each of the rest of families. Leaves and fruits were the most commonly used parts of plants. Decoction was the method of preparation and was taken as a hot drink. Chamomile, mint, sage, lemon, and ginger were in the recipes for the five respiratory diseases.ConclusionIn Palestine, patients with respiratory diseases rely heavily on the use of herbal remedies. Leaves and fruits were the most commonly used plat elements. Age and marriage were significantly associated with the use of botanical remedies. Whereas there was no significant association between the source of information about medicinal plants and the location where medicinal plants were purchased. It is vital to conduct comprehensive clinical investigations and pharmacological assessments of these herbal remedies, in order to identify their efficacy, safety, and toxicity levels.

Multi-Use of Cranberries (Vaccinium Spp.): Heritage and Pharmaceutical Results

The European cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus L., syn. Oxycoccus palustris Pers.) has a wide geographical distribution in natural bogs of Europe, Asia, and North America. The American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton, syn. Oxycoccus macrocarpos (Aiton) Pursh) is more easily cultivated in the northern regions of the world and is therefore an available source of bioactive compounds. They are both rich in polyphenolic compounds (i.e., flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids), which have significant antioxidant and anti-immflamatory properties. The cranberry fruits and their preparations represent important natural preservatives used against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Heritage related to its usage refers to the cranberry as a food plant and multiuse ethnomedical remedy. The results of the modern phytochemical and pharmaceutical research suggest using cranberry against urinary tract infections and as a preventive or curing plant against many other diseases. Today there are many new opportunities to draw attention to this plant, including cranberry tourism. In food and pharmaceutical industry the fruits are used most often, but leaves are also rich in biologically active substances, which can be sources for creating new medicines.

Alkaloids and Their Anti-Arthritic Activity of Few Classic Homeopathic Remedies from Plant Kingdom, with Added Therapeutics - A Review

The human body has a very well-developed musculoskeletal system, consisting of bones, joints, cartilages, muscles & tendons which coordinate excellently to allow various bodily movements. Arthritis, the most common presentation of musculoskeletal diseases, is an inflammation of joints either acute or chronic characterized by pain, swelling and stiffness. The use of alternative medicine is becoming popular due to toxicity and side effects of modern medicines with long term usage. Homoeopathic remedies prepared from vegetable kingdom, i.e., from plants are useful in the treatment of various musculo skeletal diseases. This article is an attempt to highlight “phytochemical constituents of commonly used plant remedies in clinical practice, which are responsible for anti-inflammatory activity, and also therapeutics. A lot of development has taken place in the scientific world since the time of Hahnemann. As evidence-based Medicine is the present trend, it is the time to show the world the highness of Homoeopathy. Numerous trials are going on, to show that Homeopathic formulations are not mere Placebo but have a distinguishing Pharmacological and Therapeutic effect as well. Keywords: Musculoskeletal system, Anti-Arthritic, Anti-Inflammatory, Pharmacological/Therapeutic effect, Phyto-chemical constituents.

A Review on Analysis of Medicinal Plants with Leishmanicidal Properties

The protozoan genus Leishmania, which belongs to the Trypanosomiases family, is the source of the infectious parasitic disease leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is third in importance among vector-borne diseases worldwide, behind malaria and sleeping sickness. Leishmaniasis is treated with a variety of drugs, however side effects and drug resistance have been noted. There are countless opportunities to find new drugs to cure infectious diseases by researching plant remedies. Some plant medicines and natural products have a new candidate for treatment of leishmaniasis. Medicinal plants are believed to be an important source of new chemical substances with potential therapeutic effects. This review work is focused on the therapeutically active plants which are used in the treatment of leishmaniasis and have less side effects and less cost. Keywords: Leishmania, vector-borne, Promastigote, Amastigotes, Visceral.

Medical Ethnobotany of the Bissau-Guinean Community of Migrants Living in Northern Italy and Comparison with the Ethnopharmacology of Guinea-Bissau.

This study compares the knowledge of medicinal plants of Bissau-Guinean migrants now established in Italy with the ethnopharmacology still present in their country of origin. We also investigated how traditional ethnobotanical knowledge is changing following the phenomenon of migration from Africa to Europe. The ethnobotanical data were collected during 2017-2018, by interviewing 49 informants belonging to 8 ethnic groups, living in 8 provinces of northern Italy. The final inventory of botanical taxa included 81 species belonging to 34 families, with Fabaceae and Malvaceae the most represented, followed by Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae, Combretaceae, and Solanaceae. Plant remedies were used to treat 21 ailment categories, such as fever, internal infections, intestinal and respiratory problems, and pains. The traditional ethnobotanical knowledge of Bissau-Guinean migrants in Italy was associated with gender, with women showing the highest knowledge. In addition, a negative relationship was observed between the maintenance of this knowledge and the number of years migrants have spent in Italy. Overall, a loss of knowledge was observed in the less numerous ethnic groups. However, traditional preparations based on plants from the country of origin are in general well preserved to maintain a good state of health. Our work could help in transferring to the next generation the cultural heritage of Bissau-Guinean people permanently moved to European Countries.

Deep Learning based Plant Disease Diagnosis and Remedy Recommendation System for Agricultural Sustainability

Deep Learning based Plant Disease Diagnosis and Remedy Recommendation System for Agricultural Sustainability

Use of medicinal plants as a remedy against lymphatic filariasis: Current status and future prospect.

Despite the successes achieved so far with the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis, there is still an appreciable number of lymphatic filarial patients who need alternative treatment and morbidity management strategies. The unresponsiveness of some cohorts to the drugs used in the mass drug administration program is currently raising a lot of questions and this needs urgent attention. Natural medicinal plants have a long-standing history of being effective against most disease conditions. Countries such as India have been able to integrate their natural plant remedies into the treatment of lymphatic filarial conditions, and the results are overwhelmingly positive. Components of Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Parkia biglobosa, Adansonia digitata, and Ocimum spp have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anticancerous, and antimicrobial activities in animal models. Therefore, this review calls for attention towardthe use of natural plant components as an alternate treatment against lymphatic filariasis to help reduce the World Health Organization's burden of providing drugs for people in need of treatment every year.

Ethnoveterinary uses of medicinal plants amongst the tribal populations of District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Background: The current study expresses that most of the peoples were dependent on the natural resources as compared to cultivated. Domestic animals play a vital role in the development of human civilization that why plants are utilized as a remedy for a variety of domestic animals, in addition to humans. The people of District Malakand were extremely correlated with the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants as ethnoveterinary medicine. Methods: The present study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2017 for observing the area and also to collect the medicinal plants. The assessment was observed deeply the knowledge concerned with the traditional uses of medicinal plant to cure the animal diseases. Animal diseases are a major constraint for the livestock owners; therefore, some strategies and measures should be adopted in near future. During the study stratified sampling were carried using the questioner and interviewed the people and followed by group discussion was employed to achieve the goals. Results: The represented study has 76 plant species belonged to 45 families. Amongst them one species was Pteridophyte belonged to family Pteridaceae, and one was Gymnosperm belonged to Pinaceae, while the rest of 74 species of 43 families were Angiosperms. The herbs were dominant with 40 species (52.6 %), followed by trees with 22 species (29.0 %), and shrubs with 14 species (18.4 %). The largest families were Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae with 5 species each, while the second largest family was Rosaceae with 4 species. The third largest families were Apocynaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Brassicaceae, and Malvaceae with 3 species each. A total of thirty-three ailments were treated with different plants species. The most common ailments treated of the animals were constipation, intestinal worms, paralysis, broken bone, diuretic, diarrhea, indigestion, tympany, itching, and jaundice. Conclusion: The presented study revealed that production of animals played an important role in the inhabitants of Malakand district. Their people have abundant traditional knowledge of ethnoveterinary plant remedies and practical experience of animal care and production. The traditional knowledge is near to extinction in near future, due to the extensively usage of modern veterinary medicine. Keywords: Fidelity level, District Malakand, Medicinal plants, Pakistan, Traditional knowledge.

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by indigenous knowledge holders to manage healthcare needs in children.

Childhood diseases remain an increasing health problem in many developing countries and also associated with an enormous financial burden. In South Africa, many people still rely on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare. However, inadequate documentation of medicinal plants used to manage childhood diseases remain a prominent gap. Hence, the current study explored the importance of medicinal plants to treat and manage childhood diseases in the North West Province, South Africa. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted with 101 participants using semi-structured interviews (face-to-face). Ethnobotanical indices such as Frequency of citation (FC), Use-value (UV) and Informed Consensus Factor (ICF) were used for data analysis. A total of 61 plants from 34 families were recorded as medicine used for managing seven (7) categories of diseases resulting from 29 sub-categories. Skin-related and gastro-intestinal diseases were the most prevalent childhood health conditions encountered by the study participants. Based on their FC values that ranged from approximately 0.9-75%, the most popular medicinal plants used by the participants were Aptosinum elongatum (75.2%), Commelina diffusa (45.5%), Euphorbia prostrata (31.6%) and Bulbine frutescens (31.7%). In terms of the UV, A. elongatum (0.75), C. diffusa (0.45), E. prostrata (0.31), H. hemerocallidea (0.19) and E. elephantina (0.19) were the dominant plants used for treating and managing childhood diseases. Based on ICF, skin-related diseases dominated with the highest ICF value of 0.99. This category had 381 use-reports, comprising 34 plants (55.7% of total plants) used for childhood-related diseases. Particularly, B. frutescens and E. elephantina were the most-cited plants for the aforementioned category. Leaves (23%) and roots (23%) were the most frequently used plant parts. Decoctions and maceration were the main preparation methods, and the plant remedies were mainly administered orally (60%) and topically (39%). The current study revealed the continuous dependence on the plant for primary health care relating to childhood diseases in the study area. We generated a valuable inventory of medicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge for child healthcare needs. However, investigating the biological efficacies, phytochemical profiles and the safety of these identified plants in relevant test systems remain essential in future research.

An Appraisal of Plants Used as Health Foods in Mozambique

A third of Mozambique is considered conservational area and is extremely rich in animal, plant, and marine biodiversity ecosystems. Over 90% of the 33 million population still depends on traditional medicine to meet its primary healthcare needs. While diagnosis has been based on symptoms for lack of laboratories and healthcare staff, respiratory diseases have been rising and with the pandemics the prevalence and assistance to these disorders has increased. Readily available natural plants have been used for many decades as valuable agents due to their content in unknown and also well described phytochemicals. This short but concise research project aimed at supplying an overview of the currently known efficacy of some plant species used traditionally in the north of Mozambique specifically for respiratory diseases. Several secondary metabolites were investigated in some commonly used medicinal plants. This primary work on phytochemical profiling will be useful for future pharmacological, molecular, toxicological, and pre-clinical assessments, contributing to public health pursuits and for guiding future investigations. An oral questionnaire in local language, included questions about the popular name of the plant, therapeutic indication, part used, form of preparation, route of administration, dosage/ingredients, duration of treatment, and adverse effects. Pre-treatment, extract collection, and qualitative phytochemical analysis were investigated on 5 main selected plant species. The most cited species used were Ficus religiosa L, Olax dissitiflora Oliv, Eucalyptus globulus Phil., Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng, and Eulychnia acida Phil. which revealed several secondary metabolite classes such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, with a general absence of coumarins. Plant remedies were prepared mainly as infusion, decoction and maceration, and the ways of administration were oral, inhalation and bath. The most commonly used parts in the treatment were the roots and leaves, with the bark and stem least used.

A Review Study of Importance of Herbal Medicine

Natural active compounds found in medicinal plants can treat illness or discomfort. It is common knowledge that most developing nations employ that people in underdeveloped nations rely on traditional medicines, primarily herbal plant remedies, for their main medical treatment. The anti-oxidant, antibacterial, and antipyretic effects of the phytochemicals present might be the basis for a plant's therapeutic properties. Herbs have historically been utilised for treating a variety of issues by the general people and/or traditional medicine practitioners globally since they are thought to be non-toxic. Plants have medicinal properties. Many Investigations are in process to provide experimental evidence, which confirms worldwide for traditional plant remedies

Ethnomedical uses of Yawar Panga (<i>Aristolochia didyma</i>) in a therapeutic community dedicated to the treatment of drug addiction in the Peruvian Amazon

<i>Aristolochia didyma</i> (Yawar Panga) and other <i>Aristolochia</i> species are used as traditional herbal remedies with potent emetic properties. Scientific data for such Yawar Panga species, however, are scarce in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe the use of Yawar Panga within the context of the therapeutic community Takiwasi, in which the plant is used as part of the protocol for the rehabilitation of individuals with drug addiction. Fieldwork with experts in the administration of Yawar Panga at Takiwasi Center, as well as a retrospective qualitative analysis of experiences with this plant remedy in a residential inpatient population were performed. <i>In-silico</i> analysis of the main constituents of <i>A. didyma</i> as represented in the literature was completed in order to identify its putative pharmacological targets. The therapists interviewed consider Yawar Panga to be the most potent purga at Takiwasi and consider it especially useful in attenuating addiction withdrawal syndrome. From the patient’s perspective, this plant induces strong physical effects, and commonly precipitates effects in the oneiric and emotional dimensions. GABA B seems to be the receptor involved in the emesis induced by the phytochemicals contained in this plant species. Despite some relevant concerns related to the safety of the genus <i>Aristolochia</i> in modern western pharmacopoeias, some species, including <i>A. didyma</i>, are routinely used in the context of traditional herbal medicine in the Peruvian Amazon. Further phyto-pharmacological investigations would be helpful to elaborate this species’ medical utility, especially within the context of addiction treatment.

Chemical Constituents, Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Potential of Klasea centauroides Leaves

Owing to progressive aging in the population, there is an increase in patients with cognitive impairment. For the prevention of dementia, the use of plant remedies is relevant. Of particular interest is Klasea centauroides (L.) Cass. (Serratula centauroides L., Asteraceae), which has significant natural reserves, contains a wide range of biologically active substances, and is used in folk medicine to treat nervous system diseases. This study aimed to estimate the neuroprotective, energy-protective, and antioxidant effects of K. centauroides extract in cholinergic deficiency caused by long-term scopolamine administration. It has been established that K. centauroides extract accelerates passive avoidance-conditioned reflex development and ensures its preservation over a longer time period under cholinergic deficiency conditions. The K. centauroides extract increases the resistance of brain tissues to the toxic effects of scopolamine, reducing the number of neuron regressive forms in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The K. centauroides extract enhances the predominance of aerobic glycolysis over anaerobic glycolysis and enhances the NADH-dehydrogenase and succinate-dehydrogenase complexes activity, thus promoting more intensive ATP synthesis against this background, the introduction of scopolamine. The use of K. centauroides extracts reduces the malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content in the brain structures and increases the catalase (CAT) and antioxidant system glutathione unit activities.

An overview of Indian plant remedies in homoeopathy for diabetes mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus is one of the major Non-Communicable disease and group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, which accounts for majority of the cases, can lead to multi organ complications. Despite all the treatments now available, the outcome for patients with Diabetes Mellitus remains disappointing and Long-term complications still cause significant morbidity and mortality. Homoeopathy could help to mitigate some long term effects associated with Diabetes Mellitus by providing constitutional medicines. Homoeopathy is a unique system of medicine based on individualization and symptom similarity of the patient. It treats every sickness of a man as a whole and individualized entity, and plants are major source of Homoeopathic Materia Medica, some Indian plant remedies used traditionally in Homoeopathy for Diabetes mellitus which need much more systematic clinical research as a constitutional and poetized Homoeopathic remedies through application of family themes by Michel Yakir plant chart, Dr. Mahesh Gandhi Personal evolution model and Dr. Rajan Sankaran sensation method. The knowledge Indian Plant remedies on Diabetes Mellitus according to their family themes will expand its use.