Plant Physiology Research Research Articles

37. Changes in lipid composition of alfalfa leaves during cold hardening and the effect of lipids on frost resistance of fruit flowers: P. J. C. Kuiper and A. Varga (Laboratory for Plant Physiological Research, and Horticultural Laboratory, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands)

37. Changes in lipid composition of alfalfa leaves during cold hardening and the effect of lipids on frost resistance of fruit flowers: P. J. C. Kuiper and A. Varga (Laboratory for Plant Physiological Research, and Horticultural Laboratory, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands)

Hormonal Regulation of Growth by Vitamin E

Physiologia PlantarumVolume 16, Issue 4 p. 843-850 Hormonal Regulation of Growth by Vitamin E C. Sironval, C. Sironval Laboratory of Plant Physiology (IRSIA) Research Station of Gorsem Gorsem-Saint-Trond (Belgium)Search for more papers by this authorH. Clijsters, H. Clijsters Laboratory of Plant Physiology (IRSIA) Research Station of Gorsem Gorsem-Saint-Trond (Belgium)Search for more papers by this authorR. Marcelle, R. Marcelle Laboratory of Plant Physiology (IRSIA) Research Station of Gorsem Gorsem-Saint-Trond (Belgium)Search for more papers by this author C. Sironval, C. Sironval Laboratory of Plant Physiology (IRSIA) Research Station of Gorsem Gorsem-Saint-Trond (Belgium)Search for more papers by this authorH. Clijsters, H. Clijsters Laboratory of Plant Physiology (IRSIA) Research Station of Gorsem Gorsem-Saint-Trond (Belgium)Search for more papers by this authorR. Marcelle, R. Marcelle Laboratory of Plant Physiology (IRSIA) Research Station of Gorsem Gorsem-Saint-Trond (Belgium)Search for more papers by this author First published: October 1963 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1963.tb08362.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume16, Issue4October 1963Pages 843-850 RelatedInformation

THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHLOROPHYLLS a AND b IN PLANT EXTRACTS

Photochemistry and PhotobiologyVolume 2, Issue 2 p. 241-249 THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHLOROPHYLLS a AND b IN PLANT EXTRACTS Johan Bruuinsma, Johan Bruuinsma Plant Physiological Research Centre, Wageningen, NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author Johan Bruuinsma, Johan Bruuinsma Plant Physiological Research Centre, Wageningen, NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author First published: April 1963 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1963.tb08220.xCitations: 391AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume2, Issue2April 1963Pages 241-249 RelatedInformation

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RYE SPIKE UNTIL EMERGENCE

Acta Botanica NeerlandicaVolume 11, Issue 4 p. 411-417 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RYE SPIKE UNTIL EMERGENCE J. BRUINSMA, J. BRUINSMA Plant Physiological Research Centre, Wageningen, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorJ. SWART, J. SWART Plant Physiological Research Centre, Wageningen, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author J. BRUINSMA, J. BRUINSMA Plant Physiological Research Centre, Wageningen, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorJ. SWART, J. SWART Plant Physiological Research Centre, Wageningen, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1962 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1962.tb00095.xCitations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume11, Issue4December 1962Pages 411-417 RelatedInformation

Use of labeled compounds in herbicide research

LABELED compounds provide new tools for plant physiological research and they are particularly useful for investigating the absorption, translocation and mode of action of herbicides. To be useful, herbicides must penetrate the foliage or the roots of plants and contact the living protoplasm where they bring about their characteristic toxic action. To be effective in the control of perennial weeds they should be systemic in action; that is, they should move from the region of absorption to other parts of the plant and kill all reproductive structures. Screening of a great variety of chemicals by industry and research organizations has brought forth a wide variety of compounds that exhibit diverse modes of action. Labeled forms of these compounds have proved particularly useful in studying penetration, translocation and the comparative phytopharmacology of herbicidal action. By counting, autoradiography, chromatography and comparative biochemical procedures it has been possible to study the uptake, distribution and mode of phytocidal action of such compounds starting with whole normal plants and carrying through to the most detailed biochemical analyses. Such studies have furthered an understanding of herbicidal action at an astounding rate and at the same time have shed much light on such basic physiological processes as penetration, absorption, translocation, hormone action, injury and death. FArO et al. (1) found that CX4-1abeled 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) was rapidly absorbed and translocated in bean plants. Young plants absorbed and translocated the tracer more rapidly than old ones; absorption and translocation were not correlated with dosage applied; small amounts of 2,4-D were metabolized with a constant loss of Cx402. Studying absorption and translocation of 2,4-dichloro-5-iodophenoxyacetic acid containing 1131, GALT,trP and GUSTAFS0N (2) found wheat, oats and corn to absorb the indicator more slowly than beans, sunflowers, dandelion and plantain. Translocation was also less rapid in the monocotyledonous plants and the writers postulated a block in the intercalary region of the latter. CRA~S and YAMAGUCHI (s) find this not to be an anatomical block but rather a physiological barrier resulting from the great avidity with which active meristcmatic cells absorb and bind phenoxy compounds. FAiXG and BUTTS (4) investigating the fate of labeled 2,4-D in corn and wheat plants found absorption and translocation by the monocotyledonous corn slower than in bean. Like GALv,UP and GUSTAFSON they postulated a block in the region of the intercalary meristem. They found two unknown compounds containing C 14 resulting from the breakdown of 2,4-D; this they took for evidence of detoxification. The tendency of many test plant species to recover from 2,4-D injury (i.e. bean) would seem to indicate that 2,4-D is quite labile in many

Biochemical Contributions to the Taxonomy of the Genus Chlorella

SINCE Warburg's1 work, in 1919, green algae of the genus Chlorella have been among the experimental organisms most frequently used for plant physiological and biochemical research. However, due to the little morphological differentiation of their more or less spherical cells, the taxonomy of these algae has been rather confused (cf. ref. 2). This holds especially true for the members of the section Euchlorella comprising the most common species, that is, Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck, Chl. pyrenoidosa Chick, and Chl. ellipsoidea Gerneck. The criteria given by Pascher3 for their identification (size and shape of cells and chloroplasts, visibility of the pyrenoid, etc.) have been shown to be highly variable and ambiguous, and to depend to a large extent on culture conditions and developmental stage of the cells4. Therefore, in most cases it is very difficult, if not impossible, to identify these species by morphological criteria. Since the characteristics traditionally used for taxonomy are obviously insufficient in this case, we propose to use mainly physiological and biochemical rather than morphological criteria for the identification of these Chlorella species.

A Darkroom Safelight for Research in Plant Physiology

A Darkroom Safelight for Research in Plant Physiology

The Role of the Seedcoat in Chlorophyll Deficiency (Albinism) of Citrus Seedlings

Physiologia PlantarumVolume 10, Issue 2 p. 302-305 The Role of the Seedcoat in Chlorophyll Deficiency (Albinism) of Citrus Seedlings J. M. Tager, J. M. Tager Department of Subtropical Horticulture, University of California, Los Angeles 24, California Jesse D. Carr Fellow in Agriculture, 1949. Plant Physiological Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.Search for more papers by this authorS. H. Cameron, S. H. Cameron Department of Subtropical Horticulture, University of California, Los Angeles 24, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this author J. M. Tager, J. M. Tager Department of Subtropical Horticulture, University of California, Los Angeles 24, California Jesse D. Carr Fellow in Agriculture, 1949. Plant Physiological Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.Search for more papers by this authorS. H. Cameron, S. H. Cameron Department of Subtropical Horticulture, University of California, Los Angeles 24, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this author First published: April 1957 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1957.tb06952.xCitations: 4 Jesse D. Carr Fellow in Agriculture, 1949. Plant Physiological Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume10, Issue2April 1957Pages 302-305 RelatedInformation

DAYLENGTH RESPONSES OF SOME FOREST TREES

Acta Botanica NeerlandicaVolume 4, Issue 5 p. 657-670 DAYLENGTH RESPONSES OF SOME FOREST TREES E. C. WASSINK, E. C. WASSINK Laboratory of Plant Physiological Research, Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands, 139th CommunicationSearch for more papers by this authorJ. H. WIERSMA, J. H. WIERSMA Laboratory of Plant Physiological Research, Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands, 139th CommunicationSearch for more papers by this author E. C. WASSINK, E. C. WASSINK Laboratory of Plant Physiological Research, Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands, 139th CommunicationSearch for more papers by this authorJ. H. WIERSMA, J. H. WIERSMA Laboratory of Plant Physiological Research, Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands, 139th CommunicationSearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1955 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1955.tb00360.xCitations: 10AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume4, Issue5December 1955Pages 657-670 RelatedInformation

Journal of Experimental Botany

THE Journal of Experimental Botany has been founded by the Society For Experimental Biology to provide medium for the publication of original research in plant physiology, biochemistry and bio-physics and in such related fields as experimental agronomy. The editorial committee consists of Prof. E. Ashby, Prof. T. A. Bennet-Clark, Prof. G. E. Blackman, Dr. K. Brown, Prof. F. G. Gregory, Dr. W. O. James, Prof. W. H. Pearsall, Dr. R. D. Preston and Prof. M. Thomas. The Journal will not be restricted to papers submitted by members of the Society, and contributions from research workers, both in Great Britain and abroad, will be considered. Manuscripts of papers submitted for publication should be addressed to the executive editor, Prof. T. A. Bennet-Clark, University of London, King's College, Strand, London, W.C.2. Three numbers will comprise a volume, and'they will appear at four-monthly intervals, commencing ha January 1950. The subscription price for three consecutive numbers is 35s., including postage. Single number 14s. net.

THE EFFECT OF MOISTURE STRESS ON NURSERY–GROWN GUAYULE WITH REFERENCE TO CHANGES IN RESERVE CARBOHYDRATES

IN A PREVIOUS paper, Kelley, Hunter, and Hobbs (1945) reported on the effects of soil moisture stresses on nursery-grown guayule, Parthenium argentatum A. Gray, with respect to the amount and type of growth and subsequent growth responses on transplanting. The results included in the present paper are based on samples from a portion of the same experimental plots but are concerned with the effect of soil moisture stresses on changes in reserve carbohydrates, and 89 per cent ethanol solution levulins and 89 per cent ethanol insoluble levulins, in guayule tissues. This additional study was made possible by recent work which elucidated the nature of the reserve carbohydrates in the guayule plant (McRary and Traub, 1944; Hassid et al., 1944; Traub and Slattery, 1946a, 1946b; Traub, Slattery, and Walter, 1946). According to Traub (1946b), and contrary to the results reported by Spence and McCallum (1935), the rubber hydrocarbon in guayule apparently does not function as a reserve food. Although MeRary and Traub (1944) and Hassid et al. (1944) reported the presence of inulin in guayule, Traub and Slattery (1946a, 1946b) showed that the main reserve carbohydrates in this plant are levulins, with inulin second in importance from the standpoint of total amounts present. Traub and Slattery (1946a, 1946b) have also shown that the measurement of the relative proportion of the 89 per cent ethanol soluble levulins, and 89 per cent ethanol insoluble levulins is a more sensitive tool in plant physiological research than the estimation of the total levulins and inulin. Since the free sugars are present in guayule stems and roots in relatively small amounts, Traub and Slattery (1946a, 1946b) conclude that the monosaccharides are not reserve materials but function as the carbohydrates of translocation. McRary and Slattery (1945) have reported on a method for the estimation of pentosans in guayule. The detailed plan of the experimental plots and the methods for maintaining and measuring soil moisture stresses are included in the paper by Kelley, Hunter, and Hobbs (1945) and need not be repeated here in full. The following brief excerpts,

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY IN THE U.S.S.R

OUTSIDE the Institute of Plant Physiology re-search is going on in many other plant physiology laboratories. There is an independent laboratory of photosynthesis in the Academy, under Academician A. A. Richter. The laboratory has four workers: Richter, who is seventy-four ; and three others, including K. T. Sukorukov. Richter's wife, who is well known under her own name of T. A. Krass-nocelskaya, has the chair of plant physiology at the Pedagogical Institute in Moscow. In this laboratory photosynthesis is measured from disks of leaves in a Warburg apparatus. Recently27.28 Richter and his co-workers have surveyed the relationship between photosynthesis and growths in some dozen different plants. They find that over long periods the photo-synthetic rate remains unchanged, despite changing growth-rate and accumulation of dry matter ; and it is independent of polyploidy, nitrogen-level, and length of day. These results are not simply the consequence of the controlling action of carbon dioxide under natural conditions, for in some experiments the carbon dioxide level was as high as 0-2 per cent. Richter has also surveyed the photosynthetic rates of plants of very different taxonomic positions (for example, Ginkgo, ferns), and he reports some large differences among them. Other lines of work in this laboratory are plastid chemistry and the physiology of immunity.

A GRATING SPECTROGRAPH FOR MINERAL NUTRITION STUDIES

The advantages of the spectrograph as a means of performing qualitative and quantitative analyses for metals and for certain non-metallic elements are well recognized. The method is rapid, accurate and economical and may be applied to very small samples. Furthermore, the spectrographic plate gives a permanent record of the quantities of all the constituents in a sample, although only one or two may have been of interest at the time the analysis was performed. The spectrograph has not been much used in plant physiological research largely because the initial cost of instruments suitable for quantitative analysis of plant materials is rather high. The present paper describes a relatively inexpensive spectrograph which has been used with considerable success for the analysis of plant ash.

Royal Commission Science Research Scholarships

THE Science Scholarships Committee of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 announces the following appointments for 1939. Senior Studentships: On the recommendation of the University of Cambridge: Mr. S. Devons, for research in nuclear physics at the University of Cambridge; Dr. E. F. Gale, for research in biochemistry at the University of Cambridge; Mr. F. Hoyle, for research in theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge Dr. W. J. C. Orr, for research in physical chemistry at the University of Cambridge. On the recommendation of the University of Oxford: Dr. F. C. Frank, for research in physical chemistry at the University of Cambridge. Overseas Scholarships: On the recommendation of McGill University, Montreal: Dr. H. B. Newcombe, for research in genetics and cytology at the John Innes Horticultural Institution, Merton, and the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Dr. R. L. McIntosh, for research in physical chemistry at the University of Cambridge. On the recommendation of the University of Toronto: Dr. H. E. Johns, for research in physics at the University of Cambridge. On the recommendation of the University of Sydney: Miss R. H. Harradence, for research in organic chemistry at the University of Oxford; J. W. Cornforth, for research in organic chemistry at the University of Oxford. On the recommendation of the University of New Zealand: A. J. C. Nicholson, for research in physical chemistry at the University of Cambridge. On the recommendation of the University of Cape Town: C. B. Coetzee, for research in geology at the University of Cambridge. On the recommendation of the University of Dublin: B. P. Beirne, for research in entomology at the British Museum (Natural History), London. On the recommendation of Benares Hindu University: Dr. P. B. Mathur, for research in plant physiology at the University of Cambridge.

American Institute Awards

DR. W. CROCKER has been awarded the Gold Medal of the American Institute of the City of New York for “his contribution to knowledge of life processes in plants and for his unique leadership in the organization of plant research”. Dr. Crocker was professor and director of research in plant physiology at the University of Chicago for many years. He organized and has directed the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research from the time it was founded in 1921 to the present day. At the University of Chicago and the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research he has acquired a reputation as an organizer and director of research. His method has been to bring together specialists in different fields of knowledge and to give these specialists an opportunity to work co-operatively on biological problems that have not yielded to attacks by individuals working single-handed. Dr. Crocker has also done noteworthy research. He was the first to show that ethylene gas in air in amounts far too small to be detected by any known chemical means causes profound reactions in plants. He proved that ethylene ‘puts plants to sleep’. He has shown how certain seeds that remain dormant for many years may be induced to grow if given proper treatments. Low temperatures, chemicals, light and other environmental agencies have been used to break these long rest periods. His work on the physiology of dormancy in seeds has contributed to fundamental knowledge of life processes. The Gold Medal of the American Institute may be awarded either to organizations or to individuals.

Analysis of Crotalaria Juncea with Special Reference to its Use in Green Manuring and Fibre Production1

Agronomy JournalVolume 28, Issue 3 p. 216-227 Article Analysis of Crotalaria Juncea with Special Reference to its Use in Green Manuring and Fibre Production1 B. N. Singh, Search for more papers by this authorS. N. Singh, Kapurthala Professor of Plant Physiology and Agricultural Botanist and Research Scholar, respectively.Search for more papers by this author B. N. Singh, Search for more papers by this authorS. N. Singh, Kapurthala Professor of Plant Physiology and Agricultural Botanist and Research Scholar, respectively.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 March 1936 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1936.00021962002800030005xCitations: 2 1 Contribution from the Institute of Agricultural Research, Benares Hindu University, Benares, India. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume28, Issue3March 1936Pages 216-227 RelatedInformation

SOME CRITICAL COMMENTS ON THE METHODS EMPLOYED IN THE EXPRESSION OF LEAF SAPS

In many types of plant physiological research, accurate determinations of the physico-chemical properties of expressed plant saps are important. In undertaking such determinations, however, the technical methods of collecting and treating the samples and of expressing the saps have not always been judiciously chosen to meet the requirements of the investigation. Such methods have sometimes been followed according to blind prescription with little or no regard for the limitations imposed upon them by the physiology or anatomy of the tissues. The following comments upon the technique of such determinations, and the attempted critical evaluation of the more generally used methods are based upon the experience gained in an extended investigation upon the physical and chemical properties of expressed leaf saps. The discussion in this paper refers primarily, therefore, to leaves and leaf saps. The earliest investigators of the properties of expressed plant tissue fluids carried out their determinations upon saps expressed from living, untreated tissues. Andre (1) appears to have been the first to observe that fractions of sap successively expressed from an untreated leaf sample showed progressively increasing concentrations of solutes as measured by the depression of the freezing point. Dixon and Atkins (2) obtained results similar to those of Andre when they expressed sap from untreated plant tissues. They explained the progressive increase in the osmotic concentrations of successively expressed fractions of sap by assuming that a larger number of cells burst at the higher pressures, thus permitting solutes to escape to which the protoplasmic membranes of the unbroken cells at the low pressures were impermeable. Since this differential expression of sap from untreated tissues makes it practically impossible to express from them representative samples of sap, Dixon and Atkins introduced the method of freezing the leaves in liquid air before subjecting them to pressure. They presented data to show that the successively expressed fractions of sap from a leaf sample frozen in liquid air did not differ materially in osmotic value. They also found that the volume of sap expressed from frozen leaves was larger than could be expressed from unfrozen leaves, and was freer from debris.

Cooperative Research in Plant Physiology and Agronomy1

Cooperative Research in Plant Physiology and Agronomy¹

1. Why Agronomy Needs Research in Plant Physiology1

1. Why Agronomy Needs Research in Plant Physiology¹