Inventory Of Plants Research Articles

A dataset on inventory and geographical distribution of vascular plants in Xizang, China

A dataset on inventory and geographical distribution of vascular plants in Xizang, China

A stage-based assessment of invasion and comparative inventory of the alien plants in Mizoram and Tripura, an Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot region in India

In the present paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the status of stage-based alien plant invasion in the natural forests of Mizoram and Tripura, a part of Indo-Burma hotspot regions of India. Occurrence of 163 alien plants in Mizoram and 186 alien plants in Tripura (Cumulatively 194 from both the states) were recorded during the study. Maximum species (52.15% in Mizoram and 57.52% in Tripura) were represented by top 10 families like Asteraceae, Leguminosae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae etc. Among the alien plants of tropical American origin was maximum, followed by Mexican & Australian origin. The study also recommends the most obnoxious species, and neo-invasive plants, which are potential threats to the natural flora. The outcomes of the study can be used a baseline data of stage-based invasion of alien species in both the state and will be a useful resource for preparation of conservation or forest management policies.

Ethnobotanical Study on Medicinal Plants Used by the Ethnic People of Khagrachhari District, Bangladesh

The present study deals with important ethnopharmacological information, both in qualitative and quantitative manners on medicinal plants of Khagrachhari district of Bangladesh. The survey was conducted in a period of six months from January 2016 to June 2016 and was interviewed among 155 ethnic people including tribal, Bengalis and 14 traditional health practitioners of eight upazillas in open and semi structured form. The most of the interviewers were Chakma (82%), Marma (8%) and the rest were Tripura (2%) and Bengalis (8%). The total ethnomedicinal plant species was 94, among them 92 were angiosperms, one was gymnosperm and one fern. The plant species belonging to 44 families and 86 generas are used to treat about 53 types of ailments. The different life forms among the species are 28 herbs, 25 trees, 24 shrubs and 17 climbers. The survey showed that the most commonly used plant part was leaves (34.55%) and the most frequent method of preparation was extraction (39.18%) against different ailments. The major treatment options of the medicinal plants of Khagrachhari hilly areas are identified from the study and recommended to take immediate measures for conservation of traditional knowledge of the area. This study showed a hopeful perception for future studies, flaking light on taking immediate measures on inventory of medicinal plants of hilly areas, documentation of verbal information, conservation of threatened plant species, sustainable management of risky areas and preservation of traditional knowledge of herbal medicine in Khagrachhari district, Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 21(2): 217-230, 2022 (December)

Diversity and ecological importance of plants in traditional agroforestry of Sudano-sahelian domain of Cameroon: case of Meri in the Mandara Mountains

Sudano-Sahelian domain is the poorest in biodiversity because of the climate which is unfavourable compared to the equatorial climate. The unsustainable agricultural practices associated with this climatic roughness are among the main factors of habitat destruction, hence the destruction of biodiversity in this phytogeographic environment. In order to valorize and conserve sudano-sahelian plant resources, a study was carried out in seasonal agrosystems in the Mandara Mountains. The Diversity and the floristic diversity were assessed. Inventories of woody plants were done in 16 plots (100 m x 100 m) grouped in 4 localities/villages. The circumference of the trunk of all the inventoried plants (circonference ≥ 10 cm) was measured. In total, 64 species grouped 45 genera and 27 families were inventoried. The highest FIV was obtained for Mimosaceae (FIV = 104.51) and Combretaceae (FIV = 51.22), the other families had FIV < 30. Diversities in the localities (Shannon index ranging from 2.82 to 2.86 bits) were lower than diversity in whole stand (Shannon index = 3.09 bits). Acacia albida (IVI = 53.52, RI = 6.25), Acacia nilotica (IVI = 9.18, RI = 18.75), Acacia seyal (IVI = 5.19, RI = 43.75), Anogeissus leiocarpus (IVI) = 41.82, RI = 0), Balanites aegyptiaca (IVI = 14.23, RI = 12.50), Diospyros mespiliformis (IVI = 9.91, RI = 37.50), Tamarindus indica (IVI = 16.35, RI = 12.5), and Ziziphus mauritiana (IVI = 9.52, RI = 31.25) were observed in all localities. There were considered as characteristics and represent the floristic background of the stand. Traditional agrosystems can be considered as tools for the conservation of wild species useful to local populations. It would be imperative to conserve in situ wild species, source of genetic diversity for their sustainable use.

Diversity of the medicinal plant in homegarden of local communities in the coastal area of Prigi Bay, Trenggalek, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Agustina N, Hutauruk TJW, Sulistyaningrum N, Yudhanto SM, Liza N, Kusumaningrum L, Sugiyarto, Yasa A, Saensouk S, Naim DMD, Setyawan AD. 2022. Diversity of the medicinal plant in homegarden of local communities in the coastal area of Prigi Bay, Trenggalek, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6302-6312. Homegarden is a part of the agroforestry system that is essential in a food security program. It also reflects the social and traditional practices in certain areas that define the composition of plants. One common plant that grows in a homegarden area is herbal medicine. The knowledge about medicinal plants in society is essential to ensure the sustainability of this local wisdom to be passed through the subsequent generations. This research aimed to examine the diversity of medicinal plants planted in homegarden in Tasikmadu, Prigi, and Karanggandu Villages, Watulimo Sub-district, East Java, Indonesia. The research used a field survey of plant inventory and a semi-structured interview to gather ethnobotanical information. A total of 60 respondents were obtained by purposive sampling, with residents with homegardens preferred to be interviewed. The discussion results showed that 32 families of 59 medicinal plant species found in the study areas are consumed for medicinal purposes. Zingiberaceae is referred to as the highest family consumed by the respondents. Leaves and rhizomes are the most commonly utilized part, while decoction is the most popular preparation method. This study revealed that people aged 46-55 have the highest knowledge of medicinal plants. At the same time, women are considered to know more about herbal medicine compared to men.

Floristic inventory and ecological evaluation of plants of Jani Khel, Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Floristic inventory and ecological evaluation of plants of Jani Khel, Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Carbon Sequestration Potentials of Different Land Uses in Wondo Genet Sub-Catchment, Southern Ethiopia

Forests play an important role in combating the challenges posed by changing climate through sequestering carbon in their living biomasses and the soil. Tropical forests, which harbour a large number of species, are anticipated to play a great role in this regard due to the favourable growing environments. However, there is limited knowledge of the variability in carbon stock among land use types and its relationship with biodiversity. Therefore, this study assessed the variability in storing the different carbon pools among natural forest, woodland and khat plantation land use types. It also explored the relationship between biodiversity and carbon storage in the different carbon pools. Plant inventory and sample collection were undertaken following standard methods. In addition, soil samples were taken at three depth profile classes of 0–30 cm (top layer), 30–60 cm (middle layer) and 60–100 cm (bottom layer). Results of the study revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship between biodiversity and total biomass carbon, soil organic carbon or total carbon stock at a 95% level of confidence. The results indicated that the natural forest had the highest plant biomass (456.93 Mg ha−1) followed by woodland (19.78 Mg ha−1) and khat plantation (2.46 Mg ha−1). Consequently, the total carbon stock estimate of the natural forest (366.47 Mg ha−1) was significantly larger than that of the woodland (141.85 Mg ha−1) and khat plantation (125.86 Mg ha−1). The variation in total carbon stock among land use types arises from the variation in the total biomass carbon stock. The study results also revealed that soil organic carbon stock decreased with soil depth in all the land-use types. The findings of this study have implication of improving topsoil management in monoculture crops such as khat plantation and conserving natural forests for enhancing carbon sequestration potentials.

INVENTARISASI TANAMAN OBAT UNTUK PENYAKIT HIPERTENSI PADA MASYARAKAT KECAMATAN BAREBBO, KABUPATEN BONE, PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN

Inventory of medicinal plants is an activity to collect data related to the types of medicinal plants in an area or region. People in Barebbo District still use plants as traditional medicines to treat various diseases, one of which is hypertension. Hypertension is ranked first in the 10 cases of the most common disease suffered by the community in Barebbo District. This study was conducted with the aim of collecting data on medicinal plants used by the community in Barebbo District and how to use these plants for the treatment of hypertension. This research was conducted using the snowball sampling method and the respondents were obtained based on key-informant references. From this study, it was found that there were 21 species of plants used by the community in Barebbo District to treat hypertension and Apiaceae family was the most widely used. The people in Barebbo District utilized leaves, tubers, fruit, water, rhizomes, seeds, stems and herbs. They mostly used the plant by drinking it 1-2 times a day. Besides, they cultivated these plants by boiling, brewing, squeezing, and also consuming them directly.

Thirty Years of Growth of Woody Plants in a Biocorridor Established on Agricultural Land: Case Study From Vracov (Czech Republic)

Abstract In the 1970s and 1980s, the concept of ecological networks was developed in the Czech Republic. The first biocorridors were established on arable land in the beginning of the 1990s. One of them was the Vracov biocorridor. This paper deals with the growth and development of trees on two permanent research plots in the period from 1993–2021. In the biocorridor, repeated inventories of woody plants and monitoring of biometrical parameters of trees and shrubs were carried out. The number of woody plants has been decreasing as the level of stand canopy has increased. Moreover, mean heights and diameters of skeleton (Quercus robur, Tilia cordata) and filling (Acer campestre, Prunus avium) trees and shrubs (Cornus sanguinea, Ligustrum ovalifolium) were compared. Under the given conditions, the growth of these tree species can be positively evaluated.

We need to accelerate the digitization of existing botanical information and complete the global plant inventory

AbstractThe availability of a global checklist of known land plants makes it possible to bring together all botanical information and make it accessible online. Two obstacles remain, however. First, most existing information is not yet digitized. Second, an estimated 10%‒25% more species are still undescribed and therefore invisible to science.

An Inventory of South African Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Sexually Transmitted and Related Opportunistic Infections: An Appraisal and Some Scientific Evidence (1990-2020).

The current work is aimed at generating the first inventory of South African medicinal plants used in the treatment of sexually transmitted and related opportunistic infections associated with HIV-AIDS. This is important in assisting researchers to access a list of plant species to evaluate for potential phytocompounds, as this area of research is greatly lagging in South Africa. A total of 335 medicinal plants from 103 families have been documented in the current work. The most represented families are Fabaceae (11.64%) and Asteraceae (6.27%). Herbs constitute 36.53%, trees 32.34%, shrubs 29.04%, climbers 1.80% and parasites 0.30%. It is worrying that on the plant parts used, the roots constitute 47.18%, while leaves and stem bark yield 16.62 and 15.01%, respectively. Catharanthus roseus exhibited the highest number of citations (19), while Peltophorum africanum had 14 and both Carica papaya and Vachelia karoo had 12. In the mode of administration of the reported medicinal plant species, most of the plants are boiled and taken orally (48.22%), while other plant species are used as mouth washes (3.25%). Although there is reasonable in vitro activity of some of the plant species, validating the relevance of use, there is still a need to explore the mode of action of such plant species; isolated compounds and possible derivatives thereof are of paramount importance and need to be explored as well. Furthermore, toxicological aspects of such plant species need to be explored.

Bridging the gap between microclimate and microrefugia: A bottom-up approach reveals strong climatic and biological offsets.

In the context of global warming, a clear understanding of microrefugia-microsites enabling the survival of species populations outside their main range limits-is crucial. Several studies have identified forcing factors that are thought to favor the existence of microrefugia. However, there is a lack of evidence to conclude whether, and to what extent, the climate encountered within existing microrefugia differs from the surrounding climate. To investigate this, we adopt a "bottom-up" approach, linking marginal disconnected populations to microclimate. We used the southernmost disconnected and abyssal populations of the circumboreal herbaceous plant Oxalis acetosella in Southern France to study whether populations in sites matching the definition of "microrefugia" occur in particularly favorable climatic conditions compared to neighboring control plots located at distances of between 50 to 100 m. Temperatures were recorded in putative microrefugia and in neighboring plots for approximately 2 years to quantify their thermal offsets. Vascular plant inventories were carried out to test whether plant communities also reflect microclimatic offsets. We found that current microclimatic dynamics are genuinely at stake in microrefugia. Microrefugia climates are systematically colder compared to those found in neighboring control plots. This pattern was more noticeable during the summer months. Abyssal populations showed stronger offsets compared to neighboring plots than the putative microrefugia occurring at higher altitudes. Plant communities demonstrate this strong spatial climatic variability, even at such a microscale approach, as species compositions systematically differed between the two plots, with species more adapted to colder and moister conditions in microrefugia compared to the surrounding area.

Homegardens plant species richness and their use types have positive associations across agricultural landscapes of Northwest Ethiopia

Homegardens are important refugia for plant biodiversity mainly in degrading landscapes. However, the factors mediating these roles were little understood, particularly in an agrarian country such as Ethiopia. With the present study, we examined the effects of elevation gradient, and distance from houses on the compositions of the plant species and use types. Moreover, we explored how distance from the houses and the plant use types were related to species richness. For this, multistage and stratified random sampling systems were used to select the study district and 12 kebeles (the smallest administrative units in the Ethiopian administrative system) based on traditional agroclimatic zones. The floristic data were collected from 357 homegardens through plant inventory. Moreover, a semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather the use of the plants. The effect of elevational gradient on floristic species and use composition were tested by employing adonis2 function within the vegan package. The effects of plant use types and distance from the houses on species richness were tested using the Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Model where the 12 kebeles were entered in the model as random factors. One-way ANOVA was used to test the effects of elevation, distance from the house, and species richness on the corresponding plant use types. The results showed that a total of 238 plant species that belong to 81 families were recorded from 357 homegardens. The plant species and use type composition in homegardens were significantly affected by elevation and there is significant dissimilarity among the study sites (P = 0.001). The plant species richness decreased with increasing distance from the house but increased with increasing use types (P < 0.001). Similarly, the plant use types significantly decreased with increasing distance from the house and elevational gradient (P < 0.004) but increased on the continuum of the species richness (P < 0.001). The overall results highlight that conservation schemes need to take into account the determinants of floristic composition and the multidimensional relationship between species richness, farmers’ plant use types, and management practices to make better use of the homegardens as refugia during this continuing biodiversity degradation.

Global models and predictions of plant diversity based on advanced machine learning techniques.

Despite the paramount role of plant diversity for ecosystem functioning, biogeochemical cycles, and human welfare, knowledge of its global distribution is still incomplete, hampering basic research and biodiversity conservation. Here, we used machine learning (random forests, extreme gradient boosting, and neural networks) and conventional statistical methods (generalized linear models and generalized additive models) to test environment-related hypotheses of broad-scale vascular plant diversity gradients and to model and predict species richness and phylogenetic richness worldwide. To this end, we used 830 regional plant inventories including c. 300 000 species and predictors of past and present environmental conditions. Machine learning showed a superior performance, explaining up to 80.9% of species richness and 83.3% of phylogenetic richness, illustrating the great potential of such techniques for disentangling complex and interacting associations between the environment and plant diversity. Current climate and environmental heterogeneity emerged as the primary drivers, while past environmental conditions left only small but detectable imprints on plant diversity. Finally, we combined predictions from multiple modeling techniques (ensemble predictions) to reveal global patterns and centers of plant diversity at multiple resolutions down to 7774 km2 . Our predictive maps provide accurate estimates of global plant diversity available at grain sizes relevant for conservation and macroecology.

Bayesian Inverse Modelling for Probabilistic Multi-Nuclide Source Term Estimation Using Observations of Air Concentration and Gamma Dose Rate

In case of a release of hazardous radioactive matter to the atmosphere from e.g., a nuclear power plant accident, atmospheric dispersion models are used to predict the spatial distribution of radioactive particles and gasses. However, at the early stages of an accident, only limited information about the release may be available. Thus, there is a need for source term estimation methods suitable for operational use shortly after an accident. We have developed a Bayesian inverse method for estimating the multi-nuclide source term describing a radioactive release from a nuclear power plant. The method provides a probabilistic source term estimate based on the early available observations of air concentration and gamma dose rate by monitoring systems. The method is intended for operational use in case of a nuclear accident, where no reliable source term estimate exists. We demonstrate how the probabilistic formulation can be used to provide estimates of the released amounts of each radionuclide as well as estimates of future gamma dose rates. The method is applied to an artificial case of a radioactive release from the Loviisa nuclear power plant in southern Finland, considering the most important dose-contributing nuclides. The case demonstrates that only limited air concentration measurement data may be available shortly after the release, and that to a large degree one will have to rely on gamma dose rate observations from a frequently reporting denser monitoring network. Further, we demonstrate that information about the core inventory of the nuclear power plant can be used to constrain the release rates of certain radionuclides, thereby decreasing the number of free parameters of the source term.

Agrobiodiversity and plant use categories in coffee-based agroforestry in East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Kusumawati IA, Mardiani MO, Purnamasari E, Batoro J, van Noordwijk M, Hairiah K. 2022. Agrobiodiversity and plant use categories in coffee-based agroforestry in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5412-5422. Beyond documenting the ethnobotanical knowledge by managers of complex agroforestry systems, the actual use of such knowledge in adapting to new circumstances and adopting new practices in dynamic farming systems has been described as ecological wisdom. Our study in the Kali Konto catchment of East Java (Indonesia) focused on an inventory of plants that are part of coffee-based agroforestry, their various types of use, and the role they play in the further integration of livestock into the local farming system. The 48 respondents mentioned, on average, 105 combinations of plant species and use categories for their coffee agroforestry plots. Across nine use categories (food, with spices and food wrapping as subcategories, animal fodder, medicine, construction, hedge/ornamentals, handicrafts, ritual uses), a total of 83 plant species (in 36 botanical plant families) were mentioned, with on average 2.18 reported uses per species. A small majority (56%) of the plant species was actively managed (and often planted); the rest were spontaneously established species.

Agrobiodiversity and plant use categories in coffee-based agroforestry in East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Kusumawati IA, Mardiani MO, Purnamasari E, Batoro J, van Noordwijk M, Hairiah K. 2022. Agrobiodiversity and plant use categories in coffee-based agroforestry in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5412-5422. Beyond documenting the ethnobotanical knowledge by managers of complex agroforestry systems, the actual use of such knowledge in adapting to new circumstances and adopting new practices in dynamic farming systems has been described as ecological wisdom. Our study in the Kali Konto catchment of East Java (Indonesia) focused on an inventory of plants that are part of coffee-based agroforestry, their various types of use, and the role they play in the further integration of livestock into the local farming system. The 48 respondents mentioned, on average, 105 combinations of plant species and use categories for their coffee agroforestry plots. Across nine use categories (food, with spices and food wrapping as subcategories, animal fodder, medicine, construction, hedge/ornamentals, handicrafts, ritual uses), a total of 83 plant species (in 36 botanical plant families) were mentioned, with on average 2.18 reported uses per species. A small majority (56%) of the plant species was actively managed (and often planted); the rest were spontaneously established species.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) detects temporal and habitat effects on community composition and endangered species in ephemeral ecosystems: A case study in vernal pools

AbstractVernal pools are temporary wetlands that can form during a rainy season, often in Mediterranean climates, and serve as ideal testing grounds to understand species detection using eDNA and how biological communities may shift across time and spatial and environmental heterogeneity. Most vernal pools exhibit high plant and animal diversity and endemism, but due to their ephemeral nature, they are understudied, especially their microorganisms. Habitat destruction and fragmentation creates an urgent need to monitor their biodiversity, but traditional species surveys require time and taxonomic expertise. We conducted a community science‐enabled examination of soil environmental DNA (eDNA) in California's Great Central Valley and assessed the capacity of eDNA to aid biomonitoring. We used metabarcoding of16S,ITS1,CO1,18S, andITS2marker regions to quantify and compare differences in pool communities across two sampling periods (during years with disparate precipitation) and to estimate variation among pools and inundation zones (vernal pool bottom, transitional edge, and grassland upland). We found differences in beta diversity among sampling periods, pools, and inundation zones; alpha diversity was mainly affected by sampling period and zone, but this differed by marker. Numerous taxonomic families varied in abundance and composition among samples, yet vernal pool communities remained distinct from upland grass communities, even between sampling periods differing by 1 year. Turnover in ecologically co‐occurring taxon pairs varied by over 90% between sampling periods in all metabarcodes but plants, which were more stable. Finally, we confirmed substantial concordance between eDNA and traditional inventories of the reserve's plants and presented a case in which we detected one endangered plant species, Colusa grass (Neostapfia colusana), in advance of its emergence. This initial study adds hundreds of new taxon records for California vernal pools and discusses benefits and challenges of using eDNA for biomonitoring within stressful, temporary, or otherwise challenging ecosystems.

English

In order to assess the diversity, regeneration and structure of wild edible fruit trees, a study was carried out in the Laf-Madjam forest reserve and its surroundings. A semi-structured interview with local residents and a floristic inventory of woody plants (8 transects of 1000 m &times; 20 m each) were carried out. 24 species were cited as being used by the local residents. A total of 2134 individuals subdivided into 69 species, 43 genera and 27 families were counted, including 448 edible fruit individuals divided into 25 species, 19 genera and 14 families. The latter with important IVIs are: Balanites aegyptiaca , Sclerocarya birrea , Ziziphus mauritiana and Hexalobus monopetalus. Diversity is medium in edible fruit trees (HSI=3.10 bits, E= 0.67). Fruit trees with individuals of diameter &ge; 21 cm are in the majority. Inverted &quot;L&quot; and bell-shaped gaits are observed. The regeneration rate of fruit trees is higher in Annona senegalensis , H. monopetalus , and B. aegyptiaca . The involvement of local people in the management of the reserve&#39;s fruit trees is important for sustainable management. &nbsp; Key words : Edible fruits, Moutourwa, sustainable management, structure, phytodiversity.

Флора водоемов и водотоков Саратовской области: история изучения и современное состояние

Water plants and coastal riparian plants are an integral part of the habitat forming component of water ecosystems in Saratov region. This article gives a review of long-term research of flora in many water reservoirs and water streams of the Saratov region. The analysis of literature in its historical aspect showed that the degree of scientific knowledge about water flora in the Saratov region is still insufficient despite multiple research projects conducted at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. At the moment some research is being conducted concerning the inventory and monitoring of flora and plants in the water reservoirs and water streams of the Saratov region. In this work a complete list of water plants and coastal riparian plants is represented. The flora of water vascular plants contains 103 types (including hybrids) of 54 species, 32 plant families and 3 plant divisions. The leading plant families are Potamogetonaceae, Cyperaceae, Typhaceae and Poaceae. The most widespread species are Potamogeton represented by 18 types and 3 hybrids (13 % of all flora). Multi-species are Typha, Carex, Scirpus and Lemna. To identify the proportion of water species in flora of water streams and water reservoirs, the hydrofitness index IHg was used. It showed that the most diverse water flora exist in the Volgograd water reservoir and lakes. In ponds and oxbow lakes coastal plants play an essential role which can be explained by fluctuations in the levels of these water bodies. In water reservoirs and streams of the Saratov region the most highly active ones are Phragmites australis Potamogeton pectinatus, Typha angustifolia, Nuphar lutea, Sparganium erectum. The percentage of active types makes up only 5 % of all water flora. Among registered vascular plants 30 types are included in the Red Book of endangered species of the Saratov region. In the researched flora 9 invasive species were detected, such as Bidens frondosa, Elodea canadensis, Zizania latifolia, Typha laxmannii, Acorus calamus, Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisneria spiralis, Lemna gibba, Lemna minuta.