Plant Height Of Cultivars Research Articles

Resistance and Tolerance of Commercial Onion Cultivars to Stem and Bulb Nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci

Çalışmada Türkiye’ de ticari olarak üretimi yapılan 28 adet soğan çeşidinin kontrollü koşullarda D. dipsaci’ ye karşı dayanıklılık ve tolerans kabiliyetleri araştırılmıştır. Dayanıklılık testinde incelenen bütün çeşitlerde nematod üremesi elde edilmiştir. En düşük nematode üremesi ortalama 91 nematod saksı -1 değeri ile 0.5 kat olarak Atatürk Bahçe Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma enstitüsünden elde edilen Valenciana çeşidinde elde edilmiştir. Tolerans testinde nematode inokulasyonu ile çeşitler arasında bitki boyu, eni, ağırlığı ile nematode üremesi bakımından önemli bir farklılık oluşmamıştır. Birinci denemede nematode inokuleli ve inokulesiz uygulamalarda sırasıyla, 3.35 ve 10.31 cm ile bitki boyu önemli oranda farklılık göstermiştir. Bitki eni ise ikinci denemede nematode inokuleli ve inokulesiz bitkilerde sırasıyla, 0.74 ve 0.60 cm ile önemli farklılık içermiştir. Bitki ağırlığı her iki denemede de nematode inokulasyonu ile önemli oranda farklılık içermemiştir. Betapanko çeşidi bitki eni birinci denemede, Banko tipi soğan çeşidi bitki boyu ikinci denemede, nematode üremesi ile istatistiksel olarak önemli oranda negative korelasyon göstermiştir. Biotek Boran çeşidi bitki ağırlığı ikinci denemede, Taraz çeşidi bitki boyu ikinci denemede ve Taraz çeşidi bitki eni ve ağırlığı birinci denemede nematode üremesi ile istatistiksel olarak önemli oranda pozitif korelasyonlu bulunmuştur. Düşük nematod üremesi ile Valenciana çeşidi ve nematod üremesi varlığında iyi gelişme gösteren Taraz ve Biotek Boran çeşitleri nematodun bulaşık olduğu alanlarda yetiştirilmek üzere önerilebilir.

Determination of Agricultural Characteristics of Some Silage Sorghum and Sudan Grass Varieties Grown as Second Product

The aim of this paper was to investigate some plant traits and yield of silage sorghum cultivars and sudangrass grown as the second crop in the center of agricultural research and applying, in the 2015 year. In the experiment was used three sorghum (Rox, Early Sumac, and Leoti), two sorghum x sudangrass hybrid (Nutri Honey and Hay Day) and one, Sudan-grass (Gözde 80) under irrigated conditions of Iğdır. The experimental layout was completely randomized block design with three replicates. Plant height of cultivars (cm), dry matter ratio (%), green herbage and dry matter yield (kg da-1), leaf ratio (%), the stem ratio (%), ear rate (%), the number of leaves per plant and the plant weight (g) was determined in the trial. According to results of experiments, plant heights (197.1-299.4 cm), green yield (3482-8337 kg da-1), dry matter ratio (32.0-38.0 %), dry matter yield (1141.2-2658.1 kg da-1), leaf ratio (15.7-20.0%), the stem ratio (71-78 %), the panicle ratio (7.3-9.3%), the number of leaves (9.5-12.5), the plant weight (375.5-875.4 g plant-1) was obtained. Additionally, positive and a significant correlation was observed between the of plant weight and the dry matter yield on the green herbage yield, but the effects of plant height, leaf, stem, leaves rates were insignificant. These results suggested that Hay Day, Leoti and Early Sumac will be able to grow as a silage in respect of green herbage and dry matter yields under the ecological condition of this region.

Sample size and sampling method for evaluation of characteristics of the sunflower1

In the sunflower, in addition to seed yield, it is of interest to evaluate number of leaves plant-1, head diameter, stem diameter and plant height, since these characteristics may be associated with seed yield or lodging. The objective of the work was to determine the optimal sample size (from which the experimental coefficient of variation, CV, can be established) for evaluation of these four characteristics. Fifteen cultivars were evaluated in an experimental design of randomized blocks with ten replications. The characteristics were evaluated using two sampling methods (in a single row of plants or in the two rows from the useable area of each plot) and sample sizes of from two to 18 sampling units, with an interval of two plants. In the two sampling methods, the experimental accuracy, as measured by the CV, increased with increasing sample size. A sample made up of ten sampling units is suitable for assessing the number of leaves, the diameters of the head and stem, and the plant height in cultivars of the sunflower. From this sample size upwards, additional gains in experimental precision are not obtained. This sample size can be used to evaluate plants in a single row or in two rows taken from the useable area of each plot, since there was virtually no difference between sampling methods with regard to experimental accuracy. However, it is most practical and quick to sample in one row of plants.

Genetic control of plant height in European winter wheat cultivars.

Plant height variation in European winter wheat cultivars is mainly controlled by the Rht - D1 and Rht - B1 semi-dwarfing genes, but also by other medium- or small-effect QTL and potentially epistatic QTL enabling fine adjustments of plant height. Plant height is an important goal in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding as it affects crop performance and thus yield and quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic control of plant height in European winter wheat cultivars. To this end, a panel of 410 winter wheat varieties from across Europe was evaluated for plant height in multi-location field trials and genotyped for the candidate loci Rht-B1, Rht-D1, Rht8, Ppd-B1 copy number variation and Ppd-D1 as well as by a genotyping-by-sequencing approach yielding 23,371 markers with known map position. We found that Rht-D1 and Rht-B1 had the largest effects on plant height in this cultivar collection explaining 40.9 and 15.5% of the genotypic variance, respectively, while Ppd-D1 and Rht8 accounted for 3.0 and 2.0% of the variance, respectively. A genome-wide scan for marker-trait associations yielded two additional medium-effect QTL located on chromosomes 6A and 5B explaining 11.0 and 5.7% of the genotypic variance after the effects of the candidate loci were accounted for. In addition, we identified several small-effect QTL as well as epistatic QTL contributing to the genetic architecture of plant height. Taken together, our results show that the two Rht-1 semi-dwarfing genes are the major sources of variation in European winter wheat cultivars and that other small- or medium-effect QTL and potentially epistatic QTL enable fine adjustments in plant height.