Mixture Of Plant Extracts Research Articles

Effects of Arnica Phytotherapeutic and Homeopathic Formulations on Traumatic Injuries and Inflammatory Conditions: A Systematic Review

Arnica L. genus (Asteraceae) comprises perennial herbs native to the temperate and boreal parts of the northern hemisphere. Arnica montana is the main species. It shows different biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor effects. The Arnica formulations are mainly used for pain management. This systematic review is aimed at summarizing the studies focusing on the use of Arnica products on pain and inflammatory signs due to traumatic injuries related to sport and surgical interventions as well as to arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. Both phytotherapeutic and homeopathic formulations are taken into account. This paper only includes manuscripts published in mainstream journals. A literature search from Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases has been carried out using a combination of the keywords “Arnica”, “trauma”, “sport”, “injury”, “injuries”, and “pain”. According to the search strategy and inclusion criteria for this study, 42 eligible papers, focusing on both Arnica alone and formulations containing a mixture of plant extracts, have been finally selected. This review critically discusses the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies dealing with Arnica products, reporting both positive and negative outcomes, thus providing perspectives for future research on the plant pharmacological potential.

Inhibitory Effects of Polyphenols from Equisetum ramosissimum and Moringa peregrina Extracts on Staphylococcus aureus, Collagenase, and Tyrosinase Enzymes: In vitro Studies

Background: Skin problems caused by oxidative stress lead to the activation of collagenase and tyrosinase enzymes, contributing to skin aging, discoloration, and infections. Equisetum ramosissimum and Moringa peregrina were assessed for their potential uses in treating various skin conditions. Objective: The present research aimed to investigate the positive effects of polyphenols in Equisetum ramosissimum and Moringa peregrina extracts as potential cosmetic products for the treatment of different skin conditions. Methods: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidants, and anti-collagenase and anti-tyrosinase activities of plant extract mixtures (PEM) at different ratios of (M. peregrina: E. ramosissimum) were determined using standard procedures. Inhibitory effects of PEM against acne-causing Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) were evaluated using the diameter (cm) of the inhibition zone method. A cream formulation containing PEM was developed and characterized for stability and potential skin irritation in rats using standard procedures. Results: The PEM at a ratio of (2:1) showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content (150.15 ± 2.8 mg/g, equivalent to gallic acid, and 41.5 ± 1.2 mg/g, equivalent to quercetin, respectively). Antioxidant activities for PEM (2:1) were also optimal, as determined by the DPPH and ABTS methods (IC50 = 7.06 ± 0.12 µg/mL and 53.29 ± 3.3 µg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, PEM (2:1) exhibited superior inhibitory activities against collagenase and tyrosinase enzymes (IC50 = 32.4 ± 1.19 µg/mL and 8.4 ± 1.19 µg/mL, respectively). Antimicrobial activity of PEM (2:1) tested on S. aureus showed the largest zone of growth inhibition (2.8 cm) at a concentration of 60 mg/mL. Studies on the PEM (2:1) cream formulation revealed that it remained stable under room conditions. Skin irritation tests on rats showed no signs of oedema or erythema after treatment. Conclusion: The PEM with a ratio of (2:1) demonstrated optimal activity as an oxidative stress-neutralizing agent, inhibitor of enzymes responsible for skin aging and hyperpigmentation, and antibacterial agent. The cream formulation containing PEM exhibited physical stability and no detectable risk of skin irritation throughout the research procedures.

Antibacterial and cytotoxicity properties of a polyherbal mouthwash containing Achyranthes aspera and Trachyspermum ammi against selected periodontal pathogens

BackgroundChlorhexidine (CHX) is considered as a gold standard for its antibacterial efficacy and substantivity in chemical plaque control. However, some adverse effects are associated with its prolonged use. Herbal medicines like Achyranthes aspera and Trachyspermum ammi have been used in many clinical conditions, and they appear to be a valuable substitute next to CHX in the management of periodontal diseases. ObjectiveThis in vitro study was designed to assess and compare the antibacterial potential and cytotoxic effects of novel polyherbal mouthwash containing A. aspera and T. ammi with 0.2% CHX mouthwash against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. MethodsEthanolic extracts of A. aspera and T. ammi were prepared by the Soxhlet apparatus method and were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The individual plant extracts and the plant extract mixture (PEM) of A. aspera and T. ammi in the ratio of 1:1, 2:1, 1:2 (w/v) were assessed for minimum inhibitory concentration (resazurin microtitre assay) and minimum bactericidal concentration (spread plating method) against selected periodontal pathogens in comparison to CHX. The polyherbal mouthwash was assessed for zone of inhibition (well diffusion method) and cytotoxicity (MTT assay) on adult human gingival fibroblasts. All the experiments were performed in triplicate. ResultsThe antibacterial activity was evident in the PEMs, and polyherbal mouthwash against tested periodontal pathogens and was comparable to CHX. The cytotoxicity assay findings confirmed that polyherbal mouthwash exhibited 82.1% of surviving cells which proved good biocompatibility. ConclusionA. aspera and T. ammi based mouthwash possess comparable antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogens when compared to CHX.

Exploring the Potential of the Mixture of Alginate and Aqueous Plant Extracts as Functional Drinks for Diabetics

Diabetes, which affects millions of people every year, has led to a functional food development for diabetics. This study aimed to explore the potential of functional drinks made of a mixture of alginate and aqueous plant extracts to treat diabetics. Samples studied, were 1% alginate solution (alginate drink), aqueous plant extracts, and functional drinks consisting of a mixture of alginate-plant extracts. Those functional drinks were made from okra aqueous extract, moringa leaf aqueous extract, bay leaf aqueous extract, and guava leaf aqueous extract, each of which was mixed with alginate. The samples were analyzed for qualitative phytochemical content, dietary fiber content, total phenolic content, alpha-glucosidase inhibition, and antioxidant capability. The phytochemical content of functional drinks showed differences in color intensity and types of phytochemicals. Saponins were identified in all the drinks. The high phenolic and dietary fiber content was shown by a drink of alginate - moringa leaf extract mixture. High alpha glucoside inhibitors and antioxidant activity were shown by drinks prepared from a mixture of alginate-bay leaf extract and a mixture of alginate-guava leaf extract. Overall, drinks from a mixture of alginate-bay leaf extract and a mixture of alginate-guava leaf extract had the potential to be used to treat diabetes.

Changes in the gut microbiota induced by an oral formulation of multiple peptides and plants contribute to its antihypertensive effects

The homeostasis of the gut microbiota is a crucial factor in regulating peripheral and central blood pressure. Formulating a food-derived mixture of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory compounds and prebiotics to maintain the homeostasis of the gut microbiota will be essential for preventing and alleviating hypertension. Although bioactive peptides and plant extracts have been demonstrated not only to be excellent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents but also to promote the homeostasis of the microbiota, few studies have investigated the influence of multiple peptides mixed with plant extracts on the gut microbiota of hypertensive rats. This is the first study to characterize the fecal microbiome of spontaneously hypertensive rats supplemented with a mixture of multiple peptides and plant extracts by integrating 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. During the six-week experiment, the animals were healthy and without mortality. The results revealed that oral supplementation with the formulation reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, improved the gut microbiota by increasing the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and increased the relative abundance of specific genera, such as Lactobacillus. This study suggested that a synergistic formulation of multiple peptides mixed with plant extracts could be a novel strategy for preventing and alleviating hypertensive diseases.Graphical

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and tensile strength of glass ionomer cement modified with plant extract mixture

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and tensile strength of glass ionomer cement modified with plant extract mixture

The assessment of aristida adscensionis and rumex hypogaeus comparative and combine antioxidant potential

Exogenous substances and cellular metabolism both produce free radicals in cells. The produced free radicals react with cell biomolecules, including DNA. The ensuing destruction of DNA, also known as oxidative DNA damage, which is connected to aging, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis. The Aristida adscensionis plays an essential role in the modulation of free radicals. We examined the antioxidant therapy of individual or combined forms of the Aristida adscensionis and Rumex hypogaeus plant extracts. We noticed that Aristida adscensionis showed scavenging activity at various concentrations i.e. 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 ?g/ml was 42%, 50%, 62%, 69% and 75% respectively. The scavenging activity of Rumex hypogaeus at various concentrations was 43%, 52%, 58%, 66% and 75% against the standard of ascorbic acid. We noticed that the combined mixture of both plant extracts elucidated a significant antioxidant potential at different concentrations of 100 ?g/ml, 500 ?g/ml, and 1000 ?g/ml which were 58%, 70%, 74%, 81% and 86 %. Our research study demonstrates that combinaion of both plants' extract mixtures had a more substantial antioxidant capacity than each extract individually. This property of these plants can be used for cancer treatment, however further robust data is required.

Degradation of reactive blue dye under UV irradation using iron based nanocomposites

Abstract The textile industry contributes significantly to environmental pollution through the discharge of non-biodegradable colored dye effluents, emphasizing the need for effective wastewater treatment methods. Traditional approaches, including physical and biological treatments, face limitations, necessitating exploration into advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Iron-based photocatalysts, particularly those synthesized through green methods, have shown promise in degrading organic pollutants. In this study, iron nanocomposites, including CSINCs, ASINCs, and ACINCs, are synthesized by mixing two different plant extract mixtures with an Iron precursor solution. XRD analysis confirms cubic structures for the prepared nanocomposites, with crystalline sizes of 14.21, 15.79, and 28.74 nm, respectively. UV–vis spectrophotometer shows characteristic absorption peaks in the 380–400 nm range. FESEM imaging reveals spherical particles, and EDX analysis detects typical signals of Fe, O, and C. FTIR spectra indicate various functional groups present in the nanocomposites. The study further focuses on optimizing the degradation of Reactive Blue 171 (RB 171) dye, considering factors such as pH, concentration of RB 171, and photocatalyst concentration. The results demonstrate that ACINCs, specifically at a concentration of 10 mg/100 mL in a mixture with Reactive Blue dye at a concentration of 50 ppm, exhibit enhanced degradation under UV irradiation. This detailed investigation contributes to the understanding of the structural and functional characteristics of Iron nanocomposites and their potential application in the efficient degradation of textile dyes, emphasizing the importance of optimizing key parameters for enhanced photocatalytic performance.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Plant Extract Blends and Its Impact on Antibacterial and Biological Activity

There is a strong interest in using green resources for synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs) of industrial and biomedical utility in a way to maintain desired material properties throughout use while not inducing any harmful effects. The use of various plant extracts as reducing, capping, or stabilizing agents is widely attempted in green nanotechnology. However, very little has been explored about incorporating plant extract blends into green NP synthesis routes. Here, we used the combination of tea and olive leaf extracts for the synthesis of silver NPs and evaluated the advantages it provided over both chemical and single-plant-mediated synthesis routes. Four different reducing agents (tannic acid, black tea leaves extract, olive leaves extract and their blend) were used to synthesize silver NPs (Ag NP) from silver nitrate (AgNO[Formula: see text]. The synthesized Ag NP was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and ultraviolet-visible (US-Vis) spectroscopy. The antimicrobial properties of Ag NP were assessed against Escherichia coli (E. Coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) using the colony-forming unit (CFU) assay and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. The cytotoxic potential of Ag NP on human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells was assessed by the WST-1 assay. Results showed that Ag NP synthesized using plant extract mixtures had a primary particle size of 40[Formula: see text]nm and were very effective antibacterial agents, with the MIC values ranging from [Formula: see text]g/mL to 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL. While the particle size obtained in chemical synthesis was slightly lower, the resultant Ag NP did not serve as an effective antibacterial agents at low doses. Further understanding of how best to integrate extracts of different plants into green NP synthesis routes will enable wider and safer biomedical applications.

Effectiveness of some plant extracts in biocontrol of induced onion basal rot disease in greenhouse conditions

One of Egypt’s most notable and historically significant vegetable crops is the Liliaceae plant, Allium cepa L. In this study, the effectiveness of methanolic extracts of Artemisia absinthium leaves, Calotropis procera latex, Moringa oleifera seeds, and Syzygium aromaticum clove was investigated in vitro and, in a greenhouse, setting against Fusarium oxysporum, the pathogen that causes onion basal rot in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. The S. aromaticum extract exhibited the inhibition peak (63.3%), whereas the A. absinthium extract had the lowest inhibition impact against F. oxysporum growth (41.1%). The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis revealed that 82 important compounds, with abundances ranging from low to high, were present in the tested S. aromaticum’s methanolic extract. The primary components were acetaldehyde, hydroxy- and 2-propanone, 1,1,3,3-tetrachloro-(42.71%), 1,2-ethanediol, and methyl alcohol (34.01%). In comparison to the infected control, the disease severity was significantly reduced by 20% with the use of a plant extracts mixture and Dovex 50% and increased by 62.22% with the use of an extract from A. absinthium. When compared to the infected control, onion plant fresh weight and dry weight were considerably higher under the clove extract therapy. The plant extracts used in this study’s testing contain a number of active ingredients, including amino acids, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and enzymes, which is probably why they have such positive impacts. The application of a combination of plant extracts was suggested as a feasible strategy for improving the growth and productivity of onion plants by the study’s findings. More research is needed to comprehend the mechanisms by which plant extracts promote plant development and to optimize the concentration and timing of administration.

Hypoglycemic Effects of Extracts Obtained from Endemic Betonica bulgarica Degen and Neič.

The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, together with the limited access of many patients to conventional antidiabetic drugs and the side effects resulting from their use, are the reason for the ever-increasing need for new agents. One of the most important strategies used in the therapy of this disease is to reduce the postprandial blood glucose level by inhibiting the carbohydrate-degrading enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The purpose of the present study was to provide in vitro evidence for the potential hypoglycemic effect of leaf and inflorescence aqueous extracts of Bulgarian endemic species Betonica bulgarica Degen and Neič. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Qualitative and quantitative determinations of principal phenolic acids and flavonoids were performed using HPLC with a dual absorbance detector. The plant extracts were able to retard the enzymatic breakdown of starch to glucose with 50% inhibiting concentrations of 1.86 mg/mL and 1.54 mg/mL respectively for leaf and flower extract. Some of the plant constituents are proven inhibitors of α-amylase and/or α-glucosidase, but their adsorption on starch seems to be one additional mechanism for the inhibition of glucose release. Combination index analysis carried out with binary mixtures of acarbose and plant extracts showed a tendency toward synergism with an increase in concentrations and level of inhibition.

Unveiling the chemical profile, synergistic antibacterial and hemolytic effects of Cymbopogon citratus and Tachyspermum ammi leaves

Current study was performed to investigate the antioxidant, synergistic antibacterial and hemolytic potential of aqueous (AC & AT) and ethanolic (EC & ET) extracts of Cymbopogon citratus and Trachyspermum ammi leaves. The investigated extracts were characterized by FT-IR, HPLC, GCMS and ICP analyses. FT-IR data verified the existence of N–H, O–H, C–O, C=O, S=O, C–N, C=N, C–H(aromatic), Si–C and Si–O moieties in extracts. The highest values of TPC (97.09 mg/100g GAE) and TFC (75.76 mg/100gCE) were shown by the ethanolic extract of T. ammi whereas the aqueous extract of C. citratus showed the lowest quantities of TPC (4.07 mg/100g GAE) and TFC (2.43 mg/100g CE). GC-MS analysis showed the existence of 45, 30, 24 and 8 compounds in AC, EC, ET and AT extracts, respectively. The highest concentrations in AC, EC, ET and AT were observed for 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid (11.99%), lupeol (23.26%), phytol (15.53%) and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (58.49%). ICP analysis determined the concentration of 26 metals in extracts. AC possessed the highest concentrations of Na, Ca, Mg and K and may find uses as a nutritional/medicinal supplement of these metals. The ethanolic extract of each plant was richer in antioxidant contents; the ethanolic extract of T. ammi being the richest with 69.07% radical scavenging activity relative to BHT (83.54%). Mixtures of plant extracts exhibited higher biofilm inhibitions than their ingredients or ciprofloxacin against S. aureus and E. coli. Hemolytic activities of all the investigated leaf extracts were found in the safe range.

Developmental formulation of sustainable plant consortium based pesticide and its prominent pesticidal activity

AbstractChemical pesticides in crop protection pose long‐term threats to living beings due to their harmful side effects. Plant consortium, a mixture of diverse plant extracts and biomedicine, has gained attention for integrated pest management. Developmental formulations increase bioavailability of bioactive constituents, enhancing desired biological activities. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the pesticidal activity of the plant consortium composed of Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, and Capsicum annuum against Spodoptera litura under laboratory condition. Followed by measuring pesticidal activity, ecotoxicity of prepared formulation was investigated. The plant consortium was prepared from the selected plant extracts through green science principles. The presence of possible bioactive compounds in plant consortium prepared from ethanolic extracts of selected plants was determined using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS). Pesticidal activity of the prepared consortium was investigated against S. litura by determination of cumulative mortality, lethal concentration. Active principles of pesticidal activity associated with plant consortium was readily extracted in ethanol. Prepared consortium revealed notable pesticidal activity against S. litura larval stages by recording high mortality and least LC50 and LC90. The plant consortium has not shown any ecotoxic effect which was confirmed by no sign of toxic effects on plant growth parameters of seedlings. Ecotoxicity of proposed consortium was also studied by measuring the soil parameters and phytotoxicity assessment. The present study suggests the possible utilization of presently proposed plant consortium as an effective pesticidal agent without affecting ecosystem.

Effects of mixed extract from two tropical plants on gut microbiome and metabolome in piglets.

In this study, we performed a quantitative analysis of 12 compounds derived from Piper sarmentosum extract (PSE) and guava leaf extract(GE). In addition, we investigated the effects of mixed extract (ME) of PSE and GE (1:1) on piglets' gut microbiome and metabolome. A total of 200 piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large Yorkshire, 21-day-old) were randomly assigned into two groups with five replicates of 20 piglets/pen having the same initial body weight. Piglets were fed a basal diet supplemented with ME at 0 (T0) or 200 mg/kg (T1) for 3 weeks. The quantitation results by ultraperformance liquid chromatography linked to triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry showed that vitexin 2-O-rhamnoside and pellitorine were the greatest abundant among six compounds detected in the PSE. In addition, quercetin, isoquercitrinand avicularin were found to be the richest of all detected compounds in the GE. Findings on experimental animals indicated that three differential metabolites, comprising L-alanine, sarcosineand dihydrofolic acid, in T1 compared with T0 groups, have exactly opposite levels trends in serum and faeces. Moreover, two metabolic pathways (i.e., urea cycle and glutamate metabolism) differed significantly in the serum and faeces of piglets between T0 and T1 (p < 0.05). At the same time, T1 had significantly higher relative abundances of Agathobacter and Alloprevotella than T0 at genus level (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that the genus Agathobacter correlated positively with carbamoyl phosphate (p < 0.01) and oxoglutaric acid (p < 0.05), and negatively with succinic acid (p < 0.01) and ornithine (p < 0.05). These four differential metabolites were also involved in the urea cycle and/or glutamate metabolism pathways. The results here indicated that the tested plant extract mixture represents a worthy feed additive with obvious antioxidative properties.

Field efficacy of Gliding Arc Plasma Activated Water and natural products on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) late blight [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary] severity

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the field efficacy of plasma-activated water (PAW) as a novel technology in agriculture together with vinegar, sodium bicarbonate, and plant aqueous extracts against tomato late blight in a complete randomised block design. Ten treatments were evaluated: Plasma activated water (PAW), a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and vinegar at different ratios (25/75, 50/50 and 75/25) and different mixtures of aqueous plant extracts made up of ten plants: Ageratum conyzoides, Eucalyptus saligna, Azadirachta indica, Panax quinquefolius, Callistemon viminalis, Euphorbia hirta, E. cordifolia Laggera pterodonta, Ocimum gratissimum and avocado pit powder. Plantizeb and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. There was a significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) in the growth variables between treatments at 10 weeks after transplanting (WAT). All the treatments reduced late blight severity compared to the negative control (100 %) at 10 WAT. Late blight severity on plants treated with Plantizeb, PAW, the mixture of bicarbonate and vinegar (B+V) at 50/50 (33.24 %) and the mixture of E. hirta + E. cordifolia extract (33.33 %) was the lowest and significantly comparable (p &lt; 0.05) to Plantizeb (31.67 %). Tomato yield was 2.24 t/ha (negative control), 28.56 t/ha (Plantizeb), 27.23 t/ha (PAW), 30.32 t / ha (B+V at 50/50), and 27.69 t/ha (mixture of the aqueous extract of E. hirta + E. cordifolia). The PAW, the mixtures between B+V at 50/50, and the aqueous extract of E. hirta and E. cordifolia could be exploited for their bioactivity in late blight management in field conditions.

Economic and Behavioral Benefits of Using Aqueous Plant-mixture Extracts in Broiler Production with High Stocking Density

The rising demand for white meat has led to an increased reliance on intensive farming systems involving high stocking density that can cause stress on birds, hinder their growth and behavior, and reduce profitability. This necessitates the use of antioxidant growth enhancers to mitigate the impact of stress. In response to this challenge, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of natural growth promoters compared to antibiotics in alleviating the negative impact of stocking density stress by conducting an experiment using 300 one-day-old Cobb 500 chicks over 35 days. After 7 days of acclimatization, the chicks were weighed, wing-tagged, and divided into five groups with 60 chicks each, divided into three replicates of 20 birds. The groups were categorized as follows: low stocking density (LSD) with 10 birds/m2, high stocking density (HSD) with 18 birds/m2, HSD+AGP feeding diet with 55 ppm/kg feed Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate (BMD-50; Zoetis Products, Chicago Heights, IL, USA) as antibiotic growth promoter, HSD+LPEM with a low concentration of aqueous plant extracts mixture (LPEM) (8 ml fennel + 8 ml fenugreek + 8 ml thyme/L of drinking water), and HSD+HPEM with a high concentration of aqueous plant extracts mixture (HPEM) (10 ml fennel + 10 ml fenugreek + 10 ml thyme/L of drinking water). The findings revealed that HSD led to a decline in productivity, behavior, and economic efficiency when compared to LSD. AGP improved these aspects but at a lower level than PEM. In conclusion, to ensure the production of antibiotic-free meat, decrease antibiotic resistance, and achieve better behavioral, productive, and economic outcomes, it is proposed to use a combination of fennel, fenugreek, and thyme aqueous extracts in PEM at a concentration of 8 or 10 mL/L in the drinking water. However, for an optimal cost-benefit ratio, it is recommended to utilize PEM at a concentration of 10 mL per liter of the bird's drinking water.

On a deterministic mathematical model which efficiently predicts the protective effect of a plant extract mixture in cirrhotic rats.

In this work, we propose a mathematical model that describes liver evolution and concentrations of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in a group of rats damaged with carbon tetrachloride. Carbon tetrachloride was employed to induce cirrhosis. A second groups damaged with carbon tetrachloride was exposed simultaneously a plant extract as hepatoprotective agent. The model reproduces the data obtained in the experiment reported in [Rev. Cub. Plant. Med. 22(1), 2017], and predicts that using the plants extract helps to get a better natural recovery after the treatment. Computer simulations show that the extract reduces the damage velocity but does not avoid it entirely. The present paper is the first report in the literature in which a mathematical model reliably predicts the protective effect of a plant extract mixture in rats with cirrhosis disease. The results reported in this manuscript could be used in the future to help in fighting cirrhotic conditions in humans, though more experimental and mathematical work is required in that case.

The Potential of Phytotherapy In Managing Dyspepsia: A Narrative Review

Dyspepsia, commonly known as indigestion, is delineated as suffering the manifestations of epigastric pain, nausea, burning, or after-meal fullness. The common therapy for dyspepsia, e.g., proton pump inhibitors or histamine-H2 receptor antagonists, has shown some adverse effects, thus, phytotherapy is currently becoming the drug of interest. Phytotherapy, additionally known as herbal medicine or botanical medicinal drug, includes the use of plant-derived compounds to prevent, alleviate, or therapy for diverse ailments. Most medications commonly used in Chinese traditional medicine or Asian folklore drugs contain mixtures of several plant extracts. Twelve clinical trials reported the effect and safety of phytotherapy on gastrointestinal disorders. Taken together, phytotherapy may be considered safe for the management of dyspepsia with close monitoring of the dose and duration of therapy.

The Anti-microbial Activity of Polyherbal Extract using Escherichia Coli and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

One of the biggest issues in contemporary life is antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, a remedy to this issue is required. Combinations of various antimicrobial medications ought to be more effective than single medications. The usual plants that grow in our area have antibacterial properties. One of the main plants with strong antibacterial action is Azadirachta indica. Eryngium foetidum and Mimosa pudica both have demonstrated antibacterial action and are readily available. The combination of these three herbal plants extracts ought to provide stronger antibacterial effects than any of the plants separate extracts. Raw plants are initially gathered from the area. The Azadirachta indica, Eryngium foetidum, and Mimosa pudica leaves and roots are employed. To get rid of dirt and undesired detritus, plants are thoroughly washed and dried in the shade. The plant leaves are then thoroughly pulverized individually. Then, using a Soxhlet device and ethanol the powdered plants are extracted separately. The extraction process is carried out until a clear solution is found. The ethanol is then removed from the obtained extracts by evaporation. DMF (dimethyl formamide) is used to dilute the extract so that 1000mcg, 2000mcg, and 3000mcg of each plant extract and plant extract mixture is also prepared in three different concentrations. The Disc Plate method, which employs Saccharomyces cerevisiae and E. coli, is used for antimicrobial assay. It is decided to use nutrient agar for bacteria and sabouraud dextrose agar for fungi. The prepared substance discs dipped in plant extracts and a combination are then added to the inoculation medium in an aseptic space with a laminar airflow system after it has been first inoculated with the organisms. The plates are then left to incubate for 24 hours. The outcomes were as anticipated; the plant extract combo displayed a greater zone of inhibition than the plant extracts taken separately. It measures the zone of inhibition.

THE ASSESSMENT OF TAMARIX APHYLLA AND CALOTROPIS PROCERA COMPARATIVE AND COMBINE ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL

Free radicals alter DNA, resulting in various chronic disorders, including cancer. Herbal therapy has a significant potential to block cancer progression and other chronic diseases. The Tamarix aphylla plays an essential role in the modulation of free radicals. Calotropis procera (leaves), a tropical medicinal plant, has shown protective effects against cancer progression. We have examined the antioxidant therapy of separate or combined forms of the Tamarix aphylla and Calotropis procera plant extracts. Tamarix aphylla demonstrated scavenging activity at various concentrations, including 100 microgram/ml, 500 microgram/ml, and 1000 microgram/ml (29%, 37% and 62%). The scavenging activity of Calotropis procera at various concentrations (100 microgram/ml, 500 microgram/ml, and 1000 microgram/ml) was 20%, 31% and 40% against the standard of ascorbic acid (65%, 77% and 84%). The mixture of both plant extracts displayed significant antioxidant potential at various concentrations 100 microgram/ml, 500 microgram/ml, and 1000 microgram/ml which were 45%, 64% and 78%. Our study showed that the mixture of both plants has a significant antioxidant potential by comparing individual plant extracts. Further studies are recommended to elucidate the anti-cancer potential of both plant extracts mixture using in vivo approach for tumor models.