Concentrations Of Plant Extracts Research Articles

Bio-ultrasonic synthesis of tin oxide quantum dots: Effect of bio-carbon and their UV Photocatalytic activity

Abstract An ecofriendly synthesis is realized to elaborate tin oxide quantum dots (SnO2 -QDs) using the plant aqueous extract of Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) and SnCl4.5H2O at room temperature as a biological solvent and a precursor respectively. The effect of Aloe Vera extract concentration on the properties of SnO2-QDs has been studied. Morphological and structural properties of the as synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized using field effect-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The chemical composition of the nanoparticles was studied by Raman, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transformation infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The optical properties were investigated by UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that all samples have a tetragonal rutile structure, with an estimated crystal size closed to the exciton Bohr radius, indicating a strong confinement of the carriers in the material. The crystallite size of SnO2-QDs nanoparticles decreases as Aloe Vera plant extract concentration increases. The formation of SnO2-QDs and the presence of graphitic carbon in samples were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, EDX analysis and Fourier transformation infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The blue shift of absorption is the most likely attributed to the quantum confinement effect. An Ostwald-repining growth model based on the concept of surface energy has been proposed to explain the kinetic growth of SnO2 QDs. The improvement of photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst for degradation of methylene blue (MB) might be caused by the size and the high surface area of the material.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of the hydrophyte Persicaria senegalensis: Preparation and antioxidant activity

For the first time, methanolic leaf extract of the hydrophyte Persicaria senegalensis L. was evaluated for its ability to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesis. The effect of stirring time and plant extract concentrations was studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used for characterization of AgNPs. XRD confirmed the AgNPs formation with crystallite size in the range 23–71 nm. The crystallite size increased with increasing both stirring time and plant extract concentration. Antioxidants, including secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and phenols are substances that inhibit oxidative damage to the cell organisms by scavenging the free radicals and thus reducing the hazard of diseases. The scavenging and antioxidant activities of the plant leaf extract and AgNPs were evaluated and exhibited potent antioxidant activity. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of plant leaf extract and AgNPs was 52.41 and 10.13 µg AA equivalent/mg DW, respectively. Total phenolics (TPs) and total flavonoids (TFs), revealed high contents equal to 154.83 µg gallic acid equivalent and 100.05 µg quercetin equivalent/mg DW plant extract, respectively.

Characterization of polyvinyl alcohol and vitex negundo blended bio nanofilm for wound healing scaffold

Polyvinyl alcohol blended nanofilms have shown great promise as a material for wound healing applications because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antibacterial characteristics. This article has typically utilized electrospinning to create a scaffold for wound healing meanwhile investigating the characteristics of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and vitex negundo (VN) blend nanofilm. The PVA concentrations were kept at 10% Weight/Volume (W/V), which was then mixed with VN solution at various volumetric ratios and electrospun into nanofilms. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was used to determine and analyze the nanofiber diameter. The plant extract concentration and the viscosity of the electrospinning solution influenced the fiber diameter to grow from 120.32 nanometers (nm) to 171.11 nanometers (nm). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) verifies the interaction between plant extract and PVA and records a new peak between 1731 and 1750 cm−1, which represents the production of the ester group. The swellability of the developed sample was studied which is negligibly reduced when the plant extract was added. In comparison to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the pure plant extract and composite nanofibrous web demonstrated greater antibacterial activity. PVA-blended nanofilms can promote cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, hence promoting wound healing by creating a moist environment.

Determination the Anti –Oxidant Capacity, Total Phenols, Minerals and Evaluation the Anti- Bacteria Activity of Leafs and Stems of Gaper Plant Extracts

In this study, Caper plant were collected from Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region (Libya) during the spring season (2023), the leaves and stems of the plant were separated and dried in the open air. The contents of minerals and metals (Na, K, Ca, Fe and Ni) were determined. The strength of antioxidants was determined using the Prussian blue method. Also, phenol compounds were estimated by the Folin Ciacalteu Method. The results showed that the metal values were showed higher contents in the leaves comparing with their contents in the stems, where a relative increase was found in the leaves of capers with a value of (1.83 ppm) compared to its value in the stems (0.94 ppm), the phenol contents were recorded in leaves (0.530 ppm), and stems (0.362 ppm). The anti-bacterial activity using different concentrations of the plant extract concentrations of (25,50,75 and100%) on two types of bacteria (Bacilli and Escherichia Coli) was applied for the extracts. The results showed that the inhibition zone of the leave extracts was recorded in all concentrations of Bacilli, in the stems the high inhibitaion zone were observed for concentrations (75%, &100%). The leaves and stems extract didn't showed any effect on Escherichia coli except for high concentrations of leaves (100%).

In Vitro Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Gene Targets by Withania somnifera L. Methanolic Extracts: A Focus on Specific Genome Regulation.

An approach that shows promise for quickening the evolution of innovative anticancer drugs is the assessment of natural biomass sources. Our study sought to assess the effect of W. somnifera L. (WS) methanolic root and stem extracts on the expression of five targeted genes (cyclooxygenase-2, caspase-9, 5-Lipoxygenase, B-cell lymphoma-extra-large, and B-cell lymphoma 2) in colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2 cell lines). Plant extracts were prepared for bioassay by dissolving them in dimethyl sulfoxide. Caco-2 cell lines were exposed to various concentrations of plant extracts, followed by RNA extraction for analysis. By explicitly relating phytoconstituents of WS to the dose-dependent overexpression of caspase-9 genes and the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, 5-Lipoxygenase, B-cell lymphoma-extra-large, and B-cell lymphoma 2 genes, our novel findings characterize WS as a promising natural inhibitor of colorectal cancer (CRC) growth. Nonetheless, we recommend additional in vitro research to verify the current findings. With significant clinical benefits hypothesized, we offer WS methanolic root and stem extracts as potential organic antagonists for colorectal carcinogenesis and suggest further in vivo and clinical investigations, following successful in vitro trials. We recommend more investigation into the specific phytoconstituents in WS that contribute to the regulatory mechanisms that inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells.

Seed germination and seedling growth response of Leymus chinensis to the allelopathic influence of grassland plants.

Allelopathy has a profound impact on the germination and growth of plants, influencing the establishment of plant populations and shaping community ecological patterns. However, the allelopathic potential of many grassland species remains poorly understood. In this study, we prepared aqueous extracts from 17 herbaceous plants to investigate their allelopathic effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of Leymus chinensis, a dominant grassland species. Our results revealed that the response of L. chinensis to allelopathic compounds was dependent on the specific plant species, extract concentration, and target plant organ. Notably, Fabaceae plants exhibited a stronger allelopathic potential than Poaceae, Asteraceae, and other plant families. Moreover, we observed that root growth of L. chinensis was more sensitive to allelopathy than shoot growth, and seed germination was more affected than seedling growth. Generally, the germination of L. chinensis was strongly inhibited as the donor plant extract concentration increased. The leachate of Fabaceae plants inhibited the seedling growth of L. chinensis at concentrations ranging from 0.025 to 0.1 g mL-1. On the other hand, the leachate from other families' plants exhibited either inhibitory or hormetic effects on the early growth of L. chinensis, promoting growth at 0.025 g mL-1 and hindering it at concentrations between 0.05 and 0.1 g mL-1. These findings highlight the significant allelopathic potential of grassland plants, which plays a critical role in establishing plant populations and associated ecological processes. In addition, they shed light on the coexistence of other plants with dominant plants in the community.

Effects of Combretum micranthum, Xienmia americana and Aloysia citrodora Leaf Extracts against Oviposition and Egg Viability of Anopheles gambiae S.L. (Diptera: Culicidae)

The study investigated the oviposition and egg viability effects of leaf extracts from Combretum micranthum, Xienmia americana, and Aloysia citrodora on female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. Leaves were sourced from Goron-maje Town, Dambatta LGA, Kano State, and extracts were prepared using ethanol, methanol, and ethyl-acetate. Bioassays were conducted at ambient temperature and relative humidity, testing oviposition activity and egg viability. Ethyl-acetate extracts, particularly from A. citrodora, significantly reduced oviposition compared to controls, with a 42.85% decrease. Ethanol extract of C. micranthum also showed reduced oviposition (8.84%). Significant differences were observed in the effects of different concentrations (ppm/mL) of plant extracts compared to controls. X. americana ethanol leaf extract at 20.0 ml concentration showed a 10% decrease in egg viability, while Combretum micranthum extracts at 20.0 ml and 30.0 ml concentrations showed 40.0% and 26.0% reductions in viability respectively. Aloysia citrodora methanol extracts exhibited a lower effect (48.0%) on viability compared to controls. X. americana ethanol leaf extract at 10% concentration significantly reduced hatching ability (26±06.21). Similarly, ethanol and ethyl-acetate extracts of C. micranthum and A. citrodora at 20.0 ml and 30.0 ml concentrations showed decreased hatching abilities compared to controls. The study suggests that ethanol and ethyl-acetate extracts of X. americana, C. micranthum, and A. citrodora could be effective and safer methods for mosquito control.

In vitro anti-Trichomonas gallinae effects of Ziziphus vulgaris L. and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze extracts.

Trichomonas gallinae is a parasite that causes canker and severe loss and death, especially in young pigeons. Metronidazole (MTZ) is the recommended drug for treating avian trichomoniasis. Due to drug resistance, non-chemical alternatives, such as medicinal plant extracts, are also considered possible therapies for this disease. This study compares the antitrichomonal effects of MTZ with extracts of Camellia sinensis and Ziziphus vulgaris on T. gallinae in vitro. Samples of T. gallinae were taken from infected pigeons. Multi-well plates with different concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50 and 100µg/mL) of plant extracts were used for the in vitro study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of C. sinensis extract was 25µg/mL over 24h, compared to 50µg/mL for MTZ. The MIC value of the Z. vulgaris extracts was 50µg/mL. The results suggest that the extracts of Z. vulgaris and C. sinensis, as potential natural agents, could have anti-avian trichomoniasis properties. This study also shows that MTZ, C. sinensis and Z. vulgaris are equally effective in preventing the growth of T. gallinae trophozoites in the culture.

Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of Murraya koenigii Leaf Extracts Against Pathogenic Bacterial Strains Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Isolated from Contaminated Water

Aim: Murraya koenigii is a widely used plant both as a potential medicinal agent and also for common cooking purposes. Aim of this present study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of Murraya koenigii leaf extracts on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 
 Study Design: Screening and isolation of pathogenic bacterial strains from contaminated water. Preparation of Murraya koenigii leaf extracts using petroleum ether, acetone and ethyl acetate by using serial extraction method with Soxhlet apparatus.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of microbiology, Agro biotec research centre Ltd, Poovanthuruthu, Kottayam, Kerala, India, between 2014 January to 2014 May.
 Methodology: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the bacterial strains used in this study. Morphological and biochemical analysis of microorganisms were conducted to identify the strains. Leaf extracts (petroleum ether, acetone and ethyl acetate) of Murraya koenigii were screened using MHA disc diffusion methods.
 Results: Various concentration of plant extracts were used to check its activity against isolated pathogens. Acetone extract of curry leaves exhibit maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and petroleum ether extracts shown maximum inhibition against Escherichia coli.

Increased antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from leaf extract of Isodon coetsa

Application of nanotechnology for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extract can be a promising alternative to traditional chemical methods. Products of biological origin have less side effects, thus are safe for human health besides being cost-effective and pollution-free. Keeping in view this, the current work was designed for the environment- friendly production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilising Isodon coetsa acetone leaf extract. The effect of some important variables including incubation time, pH, AgNO3 concentration, temperature and volume of plant extract were examined for the optimum production of AgNPs. Synthesized nanoparticles were further characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. In addition, the antibacterial potential of nanoparticles was also determined by agar-well diffusion method. The optimal conditions for synthesis of AgNPs achieved after 24 h of incubation at pH 9.0, 2mM AgNO3, 60°C temperature, and using 10% I. coetsa leaf extract. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy revealed that the size of the strongest peak for AgNPs was 9.5 nm, while atomic force microscopy confirmed their spherical shape with smooth surface without any pinholes or cracks. AgNPs showed excellent antibacterial action against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The current study has contributed to the development of a simple and fast bioprocess for the synthesis of AgNPs of the appropriate size and form which also have increased antibacterial activity in comparison to crude extract. Therefore, the process of biogenically synthesised AgNPs from plants is a straightforward, commercially feasible, and environmentally benign approach that can be used in disease control while utilizing their important role as therapeutic agent for treating various ailments caused by pathogenic bacteria.

In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of Dodonaea viscosa Plant extracts against selected pathogenic isolates

Medicinal plants can be used in the development of new drugs in addition to serving as an indigenous source of new compounds with beneficial effects. The medicinal plants and their parts constitute an important wealth. They play a significant role in healthcare services. The main objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity and phytochemical analysis of Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Extraction was carried out by cold percolation method. The antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of plant extracts was determined by agar well diffusion and resazurin dye method against various pathogenic isolates. Antioxidant activity of most effective extract was measured by DPPH and hydrogen peroxide method. Among all the extracts, acetone extract of D. viscosa showed highest activity against B. cereus (24.12±0.94 mm at 40 μl) followed by S. aureus (18.78±0.59 mm) and S. flexneri (17.50±0.50 mm). The lowest concentration required to inhibit the growth of B. cereus was 0.1562 mg/100μl. Phytochemical analysis of most effective acetone extract of D. viscosa revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides and saponins. D. viscosa acetone extract showed highest DPPH scavenging activity i.e. 80.81±0.24% at a concentration of 300 μg/ml of plant extract. The results indicated that the crude extracts of D. viscosa have a effective antimicrobial potential that provide a source for development of new drug which may be used for the medicinal purposes. Further studies are required to purify the responsible biochemical constituents of important plant materials and also to characterize so as to explore their potential fully.

Antifungal Activity of Various Plant Extracts against Aspergillus and Penicillium Species Isolated from Leather-Borne Fungus

This investigation aims to examine the antimicrobial properties of a few types of medicinal plants on fungi transmitted by leather. In the soxhlet method, the antifungal agents were successfully extracted from the leaves of Azadirachta indica, Lantana camara, Wedelia chinensis, Moringa oleifera and Coccinia grandis using methanolic solvent. The fungus isolates from leather bags, shoes and wallets were cultured in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plates. The two leather-borne fungi Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. were the targets of the antifungal assay. Here plant extracts were applied in concentrations of 5.0%, 10.0% and 15.0%. Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera and Lantana camara extract were the most successful treatments for inhibiting the controlled growth of the fungi under this investigation. Furthermore, it is stated that the pathogenic fungi's capacity to proliferate increases with the concentration of plant extracts in the culture. This two-plant showed promising results in treating two cases of fungus, suggesting that it may be used to treat fungi carried by leather.

Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts against Papaya Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) under In-vitro Condition

The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of various plant extracts against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in papaya. This investigation employed a completely randomized design and took place at the College of Agriculture in Pune-05 during the academic year 2021-22.Among the six plant extracts tested, garlic (Allium sativum) was found to be superior to the rest, exhibiting the minimum mycelium growth (5.30 mm) and the highest percentage inhibition (94.11%) at a 20% concentration. However, the drumstick leaf (Moringa oleifera) extract was the least effective, with the maximum radial mycelial growth of 44.00 mm (51.11% inhibition) observed. The study indicates that the radial mycelial growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides decreases with rise in the concentration of plant extracts.

Allelopathic potential of Oldenlandia corymbosa and identification of its allelopathic substances

The use of allelopathy developed as an alternative practice for weed management in agriculture. Oldenlandia corymbosa is an annual herb and notable for being applied in folk medicine. Its diverse range of pharmacological properties and several bioactive substances have been well reported. Nevertheless, the allelopathic potential of O. corymbosa has not yet been documented. Hence, we aim to explore the allelopathy of O. corymbosa for weed control purposes. The extracts of O. corymbosa were tested to determine their effects on the seedling growth of six tested species. Significant reductions in the growth of seedling were exhibited as the plant extract concentrations increased. The plant extracts of O. corymbosa were separated in several chromatography steps; two active substances isolated and characterized as hedyotiscone A and B. Hedyotiscone A and B significantly restricted the growth of cress seedling at concentrations higher than 0.3 mM. The I 50 values of hedyotiscone A and B for the cress seedlings ranged from 0.023 to 0.131 mM and 0.167 to 0.810 mM, respectively. The inhibitory activity against cress seedlings indicates that hedyotiscone A and B contribute to the allelopathic effects and may be responsible for the allelopathic potential of O. corymbosa.

Comparison of bio-efficacy of some plant extracts and new chemistry insecticides against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Water Productivity of Cotton Varieties under High Efficiency Irrigation System

Cotton is an important cash crop in Pakistan. But insect pests attack and emerging water scarcity glitches are alarming the crop yield on sustainable basis. Hence, the present research trial was executed to probe out the toxic effects of plant extracts and some insecticides against cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Different concentrations of the plant extracts and insecticides were applied. Results showed that highest mean incidence (10.6 adults/plant) of whitefly population was observed in case of BS-15 variety, was under double Lateral+30 cm P×P distance while in case of NIAB-878, the value was 13.1 adults/plant. Results to toxicity bioassays showed that maximum population reduction (79.10%) was recorded in case of pyriproxyfen while comparative less reduction (51.17%) was observed in case of dine to furon after exposure period of 72 (h.). . The values were after 48 and 24 h. In case of plant extracts, highest mortality (51.46%) was noted in case of A. indica whereas comparatively low mortality (46.32%) was recorded in case of M. oleifera extract at 30% concentration of plant extracts after exposure period of 72 (h.). 20 and 10% concentrations of the tested plant extracts showed relatively lower mortality values. Data of morphological growth showed that plant height got increased by increasing planting distance from 30 to 40 cm in case of the both varieties. Number of leaves and boll size did not increase with increasing planting distance in case of BS-15 variety whileincreased in case of NIAB-878 variety and the values were 105.1 (number of leaves), 44.4 (number of bolls) and 10.2 cm2 (boll size). Crop water productivity of variety BS-15 was higher (0.51 kg m-3) as compared to NIAB-878 (0.49 kg m-3). It is concluded that the variety BS-15 performed better under single lateral system while variety NIAB-878 performed better under double lateral system. Plant to plant distance of 30 cm was found better than 40 cm distance. Keywords: Cotton varieties, morphogical characteristics, drip irrigation, Planting geometry.

Study of the influence of plant extracts on the mycelium growth of Alternaria solani

The response of fungus Alternaria solani to plant extracts originating from the Fabaceae family and orange oil was investigated by a modified in vitro method of Thornberry. The sensitivity of the pathogen to five different extracts at a concentration of 1 ml/l, 2 ml/l, and 3 ml/l was accessed. The results showed that an orange oil extract (number 7) has the strongest inhibitory effect on the mycelium growth when compared to the other extracts. The effect of this extract has also been observed with all used concentrations. The insignificant effect on mycelium growth was obtained for extract 4; at dose of 1 ml/l since the inhibitory effect reached 25% and at 2 ml/l - 25.45%. Over 50% of inhibitory effect was found for extract number 3. The percentage distribution of the tested products at the lowest dose (1 ml/l) showed that the orange oil extract has the strongest inhibitory effect on mycelium growth when compared to the other plants extracts – 36%. The effect of extract number 4 and number 9 was relatively weak, only 11% and 12%, respectively. Compared to the highest administered dose, the best limiting effect was observed with orange oil – 31%, and with treatment with plant extract number 3 – 26%. It has been shown that the increased concentration of plant extracts increased the sensitivity of the pathogen. Keywords: Alternaria solani, in vitro, inhibitory effect, extracts

Effect of Scrophularia striata hydroalcoholic extract on differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes and osteocytes

IntroductionOsteoarthritis is a major type of joint disease. Cell therapy is the main hopeful therapeutic method to treat this disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Scrophularia striata hydroalcoholic extract on the differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells to chondrogenic and osteogenic cells a perspective for treatment of Osteoarthritis. MethodsThe hydroalcoholic extract of S. striata were prepared. The S. striata extract was standardised according to gallic acid and querctin by HPLC. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) were cultured in DMEM/F12 complemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. After the identification of cells, cell viability was measured by MTT assays, 24 and 48 hours after treatment with different concentrations of plant extract. The expression pattern of special chondrogenic and osteogenic genes and stem cell markers was evaluated through real time-PCR. ResultsOur findings showed that the S. striata plant extract has the capability of reducing the viability of hADSCs cells at concentration of 800 and 1000 ug/ml after 24 and 48 hours. The dosage of S. striata that significantly induced hADSCs cell differentiation is IC25, and the IC50 for hADSCs was 865.0 and 642.9 µg/ml after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. The hydroalcoholic extract of the S. striata was standardised according to Gallic acid (0.33 mg gallic acid/g Extract) and Quercetin (2.81 mg quercetin/g Extract) compounds. ConclusionThe results showed that in addition to exerting anti-inflammatory effects, S. striata can induce the orientation of hADSCs cells into osteogenic and chondrogenic cells.

Electrospun Tamarindus indica-loaded antimicrobial PMMA/cellulose acetate/PEO nanofibrous scaffolds for accelerated wound healing: In-vitro and in-vivo assessments

In this work, Tamarindus indica (T. indica)-loaded crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/cellulose acetate (CA)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrospun nanofibers were designed and fabricated for wound healing applications. T. indica is a plant extract that possesses antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimalarial and wound healing properties. T. indica leaves extract of different concentrations were blended with a tuned composition of a matrix comprised of PMMA (10 %), CA (2 %) and PEO (1.5 %), and were electrospun to form smooth, dense and continuous nanofibers as illustrated by SEM investigation. In vitro evaluation of T. indica-loaded nanofibers on normal human skin fibroblasts (HBF4) revealed a high compatibility and low cytotoxicity. T. indica-loaded nanofibers significantly increased the healing activity of scratched HBF4 cells, as compared to the free plant extract, and the healing activity was significantly enhanced upon increasing the plant extract concentration. Moreover, T. indica-loaded nanofibers demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity in vitro against the tested microbes. In vivo, nanofibers resulted in a superior wound healing efficiency compared to the control untreated animals. Hence, engineered nanofibers loaded with potent phytochemicals could be exploited as an effective biocompatible and eco-friendly antimicrobial biomaterials and wound healing composites.

Study on Antimicrobial Activity of Chromolaena odorata and Aerva lanata

Purpose: Numerous natural products from traditional medicinal plants have extensive chances for new steers to drug development because of the obtainability of chemical diverseness. Advanced modern methods are developed for the extraction, which are pointed to be the critical move in formulation of plants. These latest approaches of extraction are more effectual than the antient extraction methods for the effective development of traditional herbal remedies. For the greater extraction and study of medicinal plants, scientists prefer modern sample- preparation techniques over conventional techniques as they ensure the better-quality herbal products to the worldwide consumers. The interest in plant based therapeutic drugs and comestible plants has grown all over the World, since the increase in stipulation for chemical diverseness in investigation programs. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study examines how different plant extract concentrations and extraction solvents affect the antimicrobial activity of several therapeutic plants. The traditional mechanical method is used for extraction. Chromolaena odorata and Aerva lanata were the medicinal plants chosen for the extraction. Different concentrations of the extracts were made such as 1%, 10% and 50%. Diethyl ether, sterile distilled water and ethanol are the solvents used for extraction. Two common techniques were used to observe whether the selected plants have any antimicrobial activity against the organisms, which were agar disc diffusion and well diffusion method. Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus were the microorganisms selected for this study. Findings/Result: Among the selected extracts, aqueous extract gave more activity against infectious microbes. C. odorata showed better reaction with S. aureus, K. pneumonia and B. subtilis, were as A. lanata found well reactive against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and K. pneumonia. Originality/Value: This study gives us an outline about the antimicrobial activity of C. orodata and A. lanata on various infectious microbes, based on the collected data. Paper type: Case study based research approach.

Plant extracts as an eco-friendly approach to remove paraquat from aqueous solution

Nowadays, water pollution by herbicides is known as a global concern. Paraquat (PQ) (1-1-methyl-4,4-bi-pyridinium-dichloride) is a chip with high performance, which is being widely used herbicide to remove weeds from agricultural and natural ecosystems. PQ can contaminate water sources due to its high solubility in water. Human death by poisoning effects of PQ has been reported in several countries. Therefore, the side effects of PQ are a global challenge. This study aimed to investigate the bioremediation of PQ by plant extracts, as a low-cost, nontoxic, and natural absorbent to remove PQ from aqueous solutions in different conditions. In this regard, the extracts of common purslane (portulaca oleracea), florist kalanchoe (kalanchoe blossfeldiana), and jade plant (crassula portulaca) were used as adsorbents. For this purpose, the effect of various parameters such as contact time, initial concentration of PQ solution, temperature, pH, and amount of extract was investigated. The results of present study showed that P. oleracea extract and C. portulaca extracts have higher adsorption efficiency than k. blossfeldiana extract. The highest PQ removal was obtained by P. oleracea extract (79.04%) and C. portulaca extract (78.72%) at pH = 11, the adsorbent content of 0.2 mg L−1, and the lowest absorption of PQ (50.6%) was obtained by K. blossfeldiana extract. The highest PQ removal by plant extract was observed at 30 min for P. oleracea and C. portulaca, and at 15 min for k. blossfeldiana extract. Moreover, surface absorption capacity increased with increasing plant extract concentration, decreasing PQ concentration and decreased with increasing temperature. Finally, it can be concluded that plant extract can help to remove PQ from the aqueous solution.