Plant Dyes Research Articles

Application of natural plant pigments in enlarged health industry

Natural plant pigment is rich in resources, with the features of natural color and environment friendly, which has a broad space for development and market prospects. In order to further develop and utilize of natural plant pigment, this paper mainly introduces the natural plant dyes in the domains of food, cosmetics and health care products on the historical development process and their application. In addition,this paper summarizes the application of representative natural plant pigment, dyes, and prospects the market of natural plant pigment, so as to provide reference for the development of natural plant pigment in the enlarged health industry of China.

Influence of acidity on the mechanical stability of retouched Japanese tissue papers during the course of artificial ageing

This study investigates the relationship between acidity and the mechanical properties of two Japanese tissue papers (Yukyu-shi and Sekishu Mare), which were treated with a range of plant dyes, watercolours and acrylic paints and then exposed to artificial ageing. Mechanical strength was correlated with the concentration of hydrogen ion (pH) which is an index of the acidic hydrolysis of cellulose in paper structure. In general, the papers treated with plant dyes were more acidic than those treated with watercolours and acrylic paints. Plant-dyed Japanese papers also displayed less folding and tear resistance after ageing and there was a difference in these properties in both of these papers. The untreated Sekishu Mare papers, as well as those treated with watercolours and acrylic paints, exhibited greater tear resistance than the Yukyu-shi papers treated in the same conditions. The Sekishu Mare and Yukyu-shi papers, both untreated and treated with acrylic paints, as well as the Yukyu-shi papers treated with plant dyes, suffered no loss of folding endurance after ageing, which was unexpected considering that the papers were aged for 12 days at 70°C and 65% relative humidity (RH). This study provides paper conservators with a better understanding of toning materials and their impact on the mechanical and chemical stability of papers often chosen for conservation treatments.

Fabrication of dye sensitized solar cell using chemically tuned CuO nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method

Purpose: This work details about the isolation of CuO nanoflakes by a simple precipitationtechnique. Further it is coated over ITO substrate using spin coating technique. DSS cellcapabilities were checked by placing a drop of plant dye derived from pomegranate.Design/methodology/approach: CuO nano flakes, a novel Nano sized metal oxide havebeen synthesized by sol-gel method. The synthesised flakes were characterized by usingXRD (X-ray diffraction), FESEM, UV-VIS and PL measurements techniques. XRD studiesshow that, the copper oxide formed has monoclinic structure.Findings: The grain size of the synthesized copper oxide nanoflakes were measured fromFESEM and found that the size was around 200 nm. The UV-VIS measurement show thatthe band gap of CuO nanoflakes were found to be 3.03 eV, which is in the range of a goodsemiconductor. Finally, the dye sensitized solar cell was fabricated and its power conversionefficiency η (PCE) was determined.Practical implications: The search for green sources or generators of energy is consideredas one of the priorities in today's society and occupies many policy maker’s agenda. It isbelieved that nanocrystalline photovoltaic devices are becoming viable contender for largescale future solar energy converters.

Plant Dye Identification in Japanese Woodblock Prints

Plant Dye Identification in Japanese Woodblock Prints

Experimental Study on the Plant Dye Sensitized TiO<sub>2</sub> Electrode

In this paper, Ti sheets were anodized to obtain TiO2 nanotube arrays electrodes. The impact of different oxidation conditions on photoelectric properties of TiO2 nanotube arrays were discussed by the photocurrent density, and the optimal oxidation conditions of TiO2 which had good photoelectric properties were found. Pigments were extracted from fresh spinach leaves, tomatoes and carrots, and to be used as plant dye to sensitize TiO2 electrodes. The photocurrent density and the Incident Photon to Current Efficiency (IPCE) of the plant dye sensitized TiO2 electrodes were examined.

REVIEW: FROM SCREENING TO APPLICATION OF MOROCCAN DYEING PLANTS: CHEMICAL GROUPS AND BOTANICAL DISTRIBUTION

<p>Many plants contain dyes and are used for colouring a medium. They are characterized by their content of dyes molecules. They stimulate interest because they are part of a sustainable development approach. There are several chemical families of plant dyes contained in more than 450 plants known in the world. In this article, a study based on literature allowed us to realize an inventory of the main dye plants potentially present in Morocco. A list of 117 plants was established specifying their botanical families, chemical composition, color and part of the plant used. <strong></strong></p>

Ascorbic acid treatment to improve the light fastness or as reducing agent on silk fabric dyed with pulverised natural dyes

Purpose This study aims to improve the natural dyeing recipe with better light fastness using ascorbic acid (vitamin C) with pulverised plant dyes. Design/methodology/approach Silk fabrics pre-mordanted with alum (aluminium ammonium sulphate) were dyed using six types of plant dyes available in Sarawak, Malaysia, namely, Engkerabai leaves (Psychotria viridiflora), Ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa), mangrove bark (Ceriops tagal), Sepang wood (Caesalpinia sappan), mangosteen husk (Garcinia mangostana) and onion skin (Allium cepa). Then, the dyed samples were immersed in vitamin C. The dyed and vitamin C-treated silk samples were exposed to direct sunlight for 40 h to test whether vitamin C had any effect on the light fastness of the dyed samples. Findings It was found that the fabric samples using vitamin C for after-treatment, particularly Engkerabai, Ketapang, mangrove and mangosteen, exhibited better light fastness. The colours of the four samples changed and looked darker when compared to the non-treated fabric samples. However, it was observed that vitamin C had a reverse effect on Sepang wood and onion skin. The acidic aqueous solution of vitamin C discharged the dyed samples instead. Originality/value In conclusion, depending on the plant types, vitamin C can be used to improve the light fastness of natural dyes or as a reducing agent for natural dyes.

Xiongnu burial complex: A study of ancient textiles from the 22nd Noin-Ula barrow (Mongolia, first century AD)

The collection of textiles from Xiongnu burial was obtained in the recent years as a result of research of the Russian-Mongolian expedition led by N. Polosmak. This collection is a unique source of the different types of information. Xiongnu throughout their long history controlled the Central Asia regions of the Silk Road, by which many and varied products, including textiles and wool, were brought to China from the west. The woolen fabrics and textiles of high quality were found in the Xiongnu noble burials located in the mountains of Mongolia. An analysis of their dyes composition by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the woolen fabrics were dyed with plant and insect dyestuffs. Each sample analyzed was dyed with a set of dyestuffs that indicates that dyers had not only the necessary and various dyes, but possessed highly developed craftsmanship of dyeing. Based on the results of this research it can be proposed that the dyeing of the woolen textiles found in the graves of the Xiongnu nobility was carried out in the manufactories of the Mediterranean, known for their fabrics dyeing culture. Numerous Chinese-made silk fabrics were dyed with traditional Han epoch plant dyes - indigo and Indian madder. Dyes composition of the silk textile fundamentally differs from dyes of the woolen fabrics by the absence of dyestuffs of insect origin.

Fungal bioreceptivity of Japanese tissue papers treated with plant dyes, watercolours, and acrylic paints in paper conservation

Despite substantial literature on the dyeing of textiles, there is a lack of research about colouring Japanese mending papers (tissue papers) used for paper conservation purposes. This study investigates the fungal bioreceptivity of Japanese tissue papers after they have been treated with various dyes and pigments. A variety of toning materials including plant dyes, watercolours, acrylic paints, inks, pastels, gouaches, and colour pencils are commonly used by conservators for paper toning purposes. In this study, two Japanese tissue papers (Yukyu-shi and Sekishu Mare) were treated with selected plant dyes, watercolours, and acrylic paints and then inoculated with fungal species. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to quantify the DNA from Aspergillus niger and Penicillium rubrum as a proxy for fungal species abundance before and after inoculation and artificial moist heat ageing. qPCR primers which were universal for fungi amplified DNA from papers inoculated with A. niger and P. rubrum and these species were found to grow less on treated Sekishu Mare and Yukyu-shi papers compared with untreated papers. Sekishu Mare papers treated with artists' acrylic paints were found to be more resistant to fungal growth than similarly treated Yukyu-shi papers. This study suggests that for the best long-term preservation outcomes for paper materials in archives, libraries, galleries, and museums, acrylic paints generally perform better in conservation terms than most plant dyes and watercolours, although most colourants displayed some bioinhibition.

Effects of Plant Dyes, Watercolors and Acrylic Paints on the Colorfastness of Japanese Tissue Papers

Conservation treatments may cause alterations to the aesthetic qualities and appearance of paper materials, including their color. The scientific evaluation of color change to measure the effects of conservation treatments is therefore valuable information for the conservator weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the various treatments and approaches available. In this study, two Japanese tissue papers (Yukyu-shi and Sekishu Mare) were treated with plant dyes including black tea, henna, fresh and dried Eucalyptus cinerea leaves, as well as selected watercolors and acrylic paints. Paper specimens were subjected to both moist-heat artificial aging and accelerated photo-aging and color changes were measured using spectrophotometry and microfading tests. Color change is here defined as a change in light/dark, red/green, and yellow/blue coordinates in the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) color space of light reflected from a colored surface before and after an intervention such as accelerated aging. The findings of this study show that paper samples treated with plant dyes experienced larger and more perceptible color changes, as measured by spectrophotometry, compared to untreated controls and samples treated with watercolors and acrylic paints. Thus, plant dyes have poor color stability after moist-heat aging when compared with watercolors and acrylic paints. Nevertheless, papers treated with alizarin crimson acrylic paint, dried eucalyptus leaves, and black tea exhibited minimal color change after photo-aging. This study provides paper conservators with a better understanding of toning materials and their color stability when chosen for paper conservation treatment.

Dyeing the Silk Fabric with Some Colour Plants and Comparing the Light Fastness and Breaking Resistance of the Acquired Colours

Silk has preserved its actuality and importance between the textile raw materials with its naturalness, softness, brightness and charm since the first and oldest ages of civilization. It is possible to dye silk fabric with plant dyes. In this study madder (Rubia tinctorium L.), walnut tree (Juglans regia L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), and leaves of olive tree (Olea europea L.) plants were used. Colouring made with the non-mordant method and 20 colouring made with the pre-mordant method. A comparative study performed in order to determine; the colour value, light fastness and breaking resistance of the 24 dyed silk fabrics.

Mapping of cavitational activity in a pilot plant dyeing equipment

A large number of papers of the literature quote dyeing intensification based on the application of ultrasound (US) in the dyeing liquor. Mass transfer mechanisms are described and quantified, nevertheless these experimental results in general refer to small laboratory apparatuses with a capacity of a few hundred millilitres and extremely high volumetric energy intensity. With the strategy of overcoming the scale-up inaccuracy consequent to the technological application of ultrasounds, a dyeing pilot-plant prototype of suitable liquor capacity (about 40L) and properly simulating several liquor to textile hydraulic relationships was designed by including US transducers with different geometries.Optimal dyeing may be obtained by optimising the distance between transducer and textile material, the liquid height being a non-negligible operating parameter. Hence, mapping the cavitation energy in the machinery is expected to provide basic data on the intensity and distribution of the ultrasonic field in the aqueous liquor. A flat ultrasonic transducer (absorbed electrical power of 600W), equipped with eight devices emitting at 25kHz, was mounted horizontally at the equipment bottom.Considering industrial scale dyeing, liquor and textile substrate are reciprocally displaced to achieve a uniform colouration. In this technology a non uniform US field could affect the dyeing evenness to a large extent; hence, mapping the cavitation energy distribution in the machinery is expected to provide fundamental data and define optimal operating conditions. Local values of the cavitation intensity were recorded by using a carefully calibrated Ultrasonic Energy Meter, which is able to measure the power per unit surface generated by the cavitation implosion of bubbles. More than 200 measurements were recorded to define the map at each horizontal plane positioned at a different distance from the US transducer; tap water was heated at the same temperature used for dyeing tests (60°C). Different liquid flow rates were tested to investigate the effect of the hydrodynamics characterising the equipment.The mapping of the cavitation intensity in the pilot-plant machinery was performed to achieve with the following goals: (a) to evaluate the influence of turbulence on the cavitation intensity, and (b) to determine the optimal distance from the ultrasound device at which a fabric should be positioned, this parameter being a compromise between the cavitation intensity (higher next to the transducer) and the US field uniformity (achieved at some distance from this device).By carrying out dyeing tests of wool fabrics in the prototype unit, consistent results were confirmed by comparison with the mapping of cavitation intensity.

All-natural electronics [News

The United Nations estimates that people throw away about 50 million metric tons of electronics every year. One way to lessen the problem, some scientists say, may be to use biological materials–including plant dyes and DNA–to build devices that are biodegradable and biocompatible.

Combining TLC Separation with MS Detection - A Revival of TLC

It is very likely that every natural scientist has at least heard about thin-layer chromatography (TLC) because its fundamentals are taught in all basic courses of chemistry and biochemistry. TLC is widely used in preparative organic chemistry for a first check of a reaction mixture to monitor how many different products were generated. One typical application in biochemistry is the separation of plant dyes; this is particularly simple because the analytes are coloured and, thus, no staining step is necessary.

Effects of Different Mordants on Silk Fabric Dyed with Onion Outer Skin Extracts

At present, a higher demand is put towards the use of natural dyes due to increased awareness of the environmental and health hazards associated with the synthesis and use of synthetic dyes. This research was conducted using onion outer skins as a potential source of natural plant dyes. In this study, extraction of dye was carried out in aqueous boiling method. Premordanting technique was followed using different mordants, namely alum, ferrous sulphate, tin, tannic acid, tartaric acid, and their combinations on silk fabric. Fabric samples dyed without using any mordant were then compared with the dyed samples pretreated with the mordants. The range of colors developed on dyed materials was evaluated by measuring the color values with respect to K/S values and color coordinates. It was concluded that the color values were found to be influenced by the addition of mordants, and thus different fashion hues were obtained from the same amount of dye extract using different mordants. Ferrous sulphate was found as the most influential mordant. ΔEcmc values between unmordanted (Reference dyed) and metallic mordanted fabric samples were found higher than those between unmordanted and nonmetallic mordanted fabric samples. The dyed samples were evaluated for color fastness to washing, light, drycleaning, rubbing, and perspiration. The color fastness properties were found to be satisfactory and improved in many cases. From the fastness results, it was obvious that these dyes can also be applied on silk fabric without using any mordant if required.

APPLICATION OFNATURALDYES ON TEXTILE: A REVIEW

This paper reviews the characterization and chemical/biochemical analysis of natural dyes. Extraction of colorants from different natural sources, effects of different mordents and application of binary mixture of natural dyes. Natural dyes are different sources such as plant dyes animal dyes mineral dyes etc. and characteristics of natural dyes such as chemical/biochemical analysis by using UV-visible spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis.

The Garment Dyeing Technology and Folk Culture of Wuling Miao-Yao Branch

This paper studies the clothing color and dyeing technology of Wu Ling Miao-Yao, and discussing its relevant folk culture. From the perspective of geographical and climatic conditions, analysis the dyeing of raw material on the Miao Yao languages colored clothing. From the view of folk custom and technology, analysis the characteristics of garment dyeing technology and the process flow, especially the process of blue dress color which represents the main color of clothing, through the one by one explaining of the preparation of dyes, dye, indigo dyeing, after preparation consolidation of color, summing up the folk culture connotation of clothing color, aiming at exploring the plant dye resources, protecting the traditional folk culture, maintain the sustainable development of ecological environment.

The toning of repair paper used in paper conservation

Repair paper for the conservation treatment of historic paper documents is always toned to make it look ‘old’. The commonly used colorants are pigments and plant dyes as used in Chinese paintings. ...

UV protective properties of cotton and flax fabrics dyed with multifunctional plant extracts

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) blocking properties of textiles depend on fibre type, fabric construction and nature of finishing chemicals. Natural dyes can provide vegetable fibres with strong colours if mordants are used.In this study UV protection properties of dyeing extracts from Mediterranean flora (Helichrysum italicum Roth, Rubia peregrina L., Daphne gnidium L., Lavandula stoechas L., Cynara scolymus L.) were tested in combination with fabrics made of vegetable fibres (cotton and flax) and different types of mordants (potassium alum and chestnuts tannins). Pre- and post-dyeing solutions were analyzed quali-quantitatively by HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS in order to calculate the dye uptake on fabrics during the dyeing process.UVR transmittance of fabrics was measured using a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere. After the dyeing process only flax fabrics mordanted with alum and dyed with Lavandula and Rubia, and flax fabrics mordanted with tannin and dyed with Rubia and Helychrysum reached the minimum protection level. A very good protection level was reached by flax mordanted with alum and dyed with Helychrysum. Chestnut tannins provided a slight support in phenols uptake for Lavandula and Helichrysum plant dyes with respect to potassium alum, but without an improvement of the fabrics UV protection properties; flax samples dyed with Helichrysum extract showed an improvement in UV protection properties when mordanted with potassium alum instead of tannins. Colour fastness and the persistence of UV protection characteristics were also tested after light/sun exposure and after several washes.

Recycling of rose wastes for use in natural plant dye and industrial applications

In today’s world, with people’s increasing tendencies toward environmental consciousness and healthy living, organic products raise more and more interest in the textile sector. In textile dyeing operations, many synthetic dyes and auxiliary chemicals are currently in use. Production steps of these synthetic chemicals and discharging chemicals to the aquatic media after utilizing in textile dyeing operations can have toxic and pollutant effects on human and environmental health. Classical natural dyeing techniques are quite expensive, and there are no industrial application processes for the classical natural dyeing techniques. After industrial treatments, plant products such as Rosa damascena flowers produce considerable amounts of wastes that contain natural dyes. This industrial waste from rose flowers could serve as a source for the extraction of natural dyes. In this study, we investigated the industrial waste rose flowers used for dyeing of wool yarn and an industrial process designed for using herbal pulps as natural dyes. This industrial process using rose waste and wool yarn was on an industrial scale. Mordants were selected from non-toxic metal salts and some organic acids. Colour strength and fastness properties (washing, rubbing and light properties) of the yarn were tested. Test results of the dyeing demonstrated that herbal pulps have the potential to be used as a source for natural dyestuff extraction at low cost and show additional possibilities for industrial application. The Pb2+ adsorption capacity of the ultimate rose pulp was investigated, and the results show that the rose pulp that remains after dye extraction can be used as an adsorbent.