Plant Biotechnology Research Articles

Application of developmental regulators to improve in planta or invitro transformation in plants.

SummaryPlant genetic transformation is a crucial step for applying biotechnology such as genome editing to basic and applied plant science research. Its success primarily relies on the efficiency of gene delivery into plant cells and the ability to regenerate transgenic plants. In this study, we have examined the effect of several developmental regulators (DRs), including PLETHORA (PLT5), WOUND INDUCED DEDIFFERENTIATION 1 (WIND1), ENHANCED SHOOT REGENERATION (ESR1), WUSHEL (WUS) and a fusion of WUS and BABY‐BOOM (WUS‐P2A‐BBM), on in planta transformation through injection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus). The results showed that PLT5, WIND1 and WUS promoted in planta transformation of snapdragons. An additional test of these three DRs on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) further demonstrated that the highest in planta transformation efficiency was observed from PLT5. PLT5 promoted calli formation and regeneration of transformed shoots at the wound positions of aerial stems, and the transgene was stably inherited to the next generation in snapdragons. Additionally, PLT5 significantly improved the shoot regeneration and transformation in two Brassica cabbage varieties (Brassica rapa) and promoted the formation of transgenic calli and somatic embryos in sweet pepper (Capsicum annum) through in vitro tissue culture. Despite some morphological alternations, viable seeds were produced from the transgenic Bok choy and snapdragons. Our results have demonstrated that manipulation of PLT5 could be an effective approach for improving in planta and in vitro transformation efficiency, and such a transformation system could be used to facilitate the application of genome editing or other plant biotechnology application in modern agriculture.

Polymer-coated carbon nanotube hybrids with functional peptides for gene delivery into plant mitochondria

The delivery of genetic material into plants has been historically challenging due to the cell wall barrier, which blocks the passage of many biomolecules. Carbon nanotube-based delivery has emerged as a promising solution to this problem and has been shown to effectively deliver DNA and RNA into intact plants. Mitochondria are important targets due to their influence on agronomic traits, but delivery into this organelle has been limited to low efficiencies, restricting their potential in genetic engineering. This work describes the use of a carbon nanotube-polymer hybrid modified with functional peptides to deliver DNA into intact plant mitochondria with almost 30 times higher efficiency than existing methods. Genetic integration of a folate pathway gene in the mitochondria displays enhanced plant growth rates, suggesting its applications in metabolic engineering and the establishment of stable transformation in mitochondrial genomes. Furthermore, the flexibility of the polymer layer will also allow for the conjugation of other peptides and cargo targeting other organelles for broad applications in plant bioengineering.

Aspects of In Vitro Plant Tissue Culture and Breeding of Asparagus: A Review

In vitro plant tissue culture and biotechnology used to assist and support the development of plant breeding when classical methods of propagation must be accelerated or it was necessary to overcome barriers inaccessible by classical approaches. In asparagus, to improve multiple breeding tasks, a high number of in vitro methods have been used, such as plant regeneration methods through organogenesis, embryogenesis, manipulation of ploidy, protoplast isolation, genetic manipulation (protoplast fusion, genetic transformation), embryo rescue and germplasm preservation (in vitro, in vitro slow growth, cryopreservation). Plant tissue culture methods can overcome multiple problems in asparagus breeding such as, barriers of self and cross-incompatibility between asparagus species through embryo rescue of interspecific hybrids and protoplast fusion or genetic transformation, introgression of new genes, clonal propagation of elite genotypes of asparagus, mass screening, and the generation of haploid and polyploid genotypes, among others, becoming the tool of choice for asparagus breeding programs. Some of these in vitro methods are still under development.

CRISPR/Cas technology for improving nutritional values in the agricultural sector: an update.

The CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) system was initially identified in bacteria and archaea as a defense mechanism to confer immunity against phages. Later on, it was developed as a gene editing tool for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells including plant cells. CRISPR/Cas9 approach has wider applications in reverse genetics as well as in crop improvement. Various characters involved in enhancing economic value and crop sustainability against biotic/abiotic stresses can be targeted through this tool. Currently, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing mechanism has been applied on around 20 crop species for improvement in several traits including yield enhancement and resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. In the last five years, maximum genome editing research has been validated in rice, wheat, maize and soybean. Genes targeted in these plants has been involved in causing male sterility, conferring resistance against pathogens or having certain nutritional value. Current review summarizes various applications of CRISPR/Cas system and its future prospects in plant biotechnology targeting crop improvement with higher yield, disease tolerance and enhanced nutritional value.

Interference inhibition of Plum pox virus, induced by a hairpin-RNA of viral origin, provides long-term resistance to PPV infection in adult plants of the Startovaya (Prunus domestica L.) variety

In modern horticulture Plum pox virus (PPV) imposes serious threats to commercial plantations of a wide range of fruit species belonging to genera Prunus. Given the lack of natural genetic resources, which display reliable resistance to PPV infection, there has been considerable interest in using genetic engineering methods for targeted genome modification of stone fruit trees to control Sharka disease caused by PPV. Among the many virus defense mechanisms, RNA interference is shown to be the most promising transgenic disease-control strategy in plant biotechnology. The present study describes the production of transgenic PPV resistant European plum `Startovaya` (P. domestica L.) through the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of in vitro leaf explants. Due to organogenesis from leaves, the established protocol allows the genetic engineering of the plum genome without losing clonal fidelity of original cultivar. Seven independent transgenic plum lines containing the self-complementary fragments of PPV-CP gene sequence separated by a PDK intron were generated using hpt as a selective gene and uidA as a reporter gene. The transformation was verified through the histochemical staining for β-glucuronidase activity, PCR amplification of appropriate vector products from isolated genomic DNA and Southern blot analysis of hairpin PPV-CP gene fragments. To clarify the virus resistance, plum buds infected by PPV-M strain were grafted onto 1-year-old transgenic plants, which further were grown into mature trees in the greenhouse. As evaluated by RT-PCR, DAS-ELISA, Western blot, Immuno Strip test, and visual observations, GM plum trees remained uninfected over 9 years. Infected branches that developed from grafted buds displayed obvious symptoms of Sharka disease over the years and maintained the high level of virus accumulation, whereby host transgenic trees had been constantly challenged with the pathogen. Since the virus was unable to spread to transgenic tissues, the stable expression of PPV-derived gene

Agrobacterium expressing a type III secretion system delivers Pseudomonas effectors into plant cells to enhance transformation

Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation (AMT) is the basis of modern-day plant biotechnology. One major drawback of this technology is the recalcitrance of many plant species/varieties to Agrobacterium infection, most likely caused by elicitation of plant defense responses. Here, we develop a strategy to increase AMT by engineering Agrobacterium tumefaciens to express a type III secretion system (T3SS) from Pseudomonas syringae and individually deliver the P. syringae effectors AvrPto, AvrPtoB, or HopAO1 to suppress host defense responses. Using the engineered Agrobacterium, we demonstrate increase in AMT of wheat, alfalfa and switchgrass by ~250%–400%. We also show that engineered A. tumefaciens expressing a T3SS can deliver a plant protein, histone H2A-1, to enhance AMT. This strategy is of great significance to both basic research and agricultural biotechnology for transient and stable transformation of recalcitrant plant species/varieties and to deliver proteins into plant cells in a non-transgenic manner.

Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis Linn.

Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis Linn. (Malvaceae) is a popular medicinal plant found in tropical and sub-tropical region of world. All plant parts of Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis Linn are most widely used to treat several ailments like anti-Tumor, anti-fertility, anti-ovultory, anti-implantation, anti-Inflammatory, analgesic, anti-estrogenic, anti-pyretic, anti-spasmodic, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, hypoglycemic, spasmolytic, CNS depressant, hypertensive and juvenoid Activity. Due to its multidimensional pharmacological approach it is certain to emerge as a effficient player in the flourising field of herbal supplements, medicines and health care system. This review aims to present recent details on botany, ethnomedicinal uses, photochemistry, pharmacological effects, toxic effects, with the purpose to find research gaps demanding for upcoming research and investigation of Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis Linn. Principal constituents reported in Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis Linn are flavones, containing quercetin-3-sophorotrioside, kaempferol-3xylosylglucoside,quercetin-3-diglucoside, quercetin-3,7-diglucoside, cyaniding-3,5-diglucoside, cyaniding-3-sophoroside-5-glucoside and other constituent are cyanidin chloride, cyclopeptide alkaloid, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, hentriacontane, taraxeryl acetate, ß-sitosterol, malvalic acids and cyclic acids sterculic. Complete literature was probed via websites,online databases, thesis and texts. The available reports was portray physicochemical parameters, nutritional aspects and phytochemical analysis of bioactive plant parts. Friendly holistic conservation approaches offered by plant biotechnology applications are also discussed.

Construction and application of star polycation nanocarrier-based microRNA delivery system in Arabidopsis and maize

BackgroundMicroRNA (miRNA) plays vital roles in the regulation of both plant architecture and stress resistance through cleavage or translation inhibition of the target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). However, miRNA-induced gene silencing remains a major challenge in vivo due to the low delivery efficiency and instability of miRNA, thus an efficient and simple method is urgently needed for miRNA transformation. Previous researches have constructed a star polycation (SPc)-mediated transdermal double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery system, achieving efficient dsRNA delivery and gene silencing in insect pests.ResultsHere, we tested SPc-based platform for direct delivery of double-stranded precursor miRNA (ds-MIRNA) into protoplasts and plants. The results showed that SPc could assemble with ds-MIRNA through electrostatic interaction to form nano-sized ds-MIRNA/SPc complex. The complex could penetrate the root cortex and be systematically transported through the vascular tissue in seedlings of Arabidopsis and maize. Meanwhile, the complex could up-regulate the expression of endocytosis-related genes in both protoplasts and plants to promote the cellular uptake. Furthermore, the SPc-delivered ds-MIRNA could efficiently increase mature miRNA amount to suppress the target gene expression, and the similar phenotypes of Arabidopsis and maize were observed compared to the transgenic plants overexpressing miRNA.ConclusionTo our knowledge, we report the first construction and application of star polycation nanocarrier-based platform for miRNA delivery in plants, which explores a new enable approach of plant biotechnology with efficient transformation for agricultural application.Graphical

A native promoter-gene fusion created by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genomic deletion offers a transgene-free method to drive oil accumulation in leaves.

Achieving gain‐of‐function phenotypes without inserting foreign DNA is an important challenge for plant biotechnologists. Here, we show that a gene can be brought under the control of a promoter from an upstream gene by deleting the intervening genomic sequence using dual‐guide CRISPR/Cas9. We fuse the promoter of a nonessential photosynthesis‐related gene to DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE 2 (DGAT2) in the lipase‐deficient sugar‐dependent 1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana to drive ectopic oil accumulation in leaves. DGAT2 expression is enhanced more than 20‐fold and the triacylglycerol content increases by around 30‐fold. This deletion strategy offers a transgene‐free route to engineering traits that rely on transcriptional gain‐of‐function, such as producing high lipid forage to increase the productivity and sustainability of ruminant farming.

Unidentified N-glycans by N-glycosidase A were Identified by Nglycosidase F under Denaturing Conditions in Plant Glycoprotein.

The identification of N-glycans in plant glycoproteins or plant-made pharmaceuticals is essential for understanding their structure, function, properties, immunogenicity, and allergenicity (induced by plant-specific core-fucosylation or xylosylation) in the applications of plant food, agriculture, and plant biotechnology. N-glycosidase A is widely used to release the Nglycans of plant glycoproteins because the core-fucosylated N-glycans of plant glycoproteins are hydrolyzed by N-glycosidase A but not by N-glycosidase F. However, the efficiency of Nglycosidase A activity in plant glycoproteins remains unclear. The aim of the study was to elucidate the efficient use of N-glycosidases to identify and quantify the N-glycans of plant glycoproteins; it aimed at identification of released N-glycans by Nglycosidase F and assessment of their relative quantities with a focus on unidentified N-glycans by N-glycosidase A in plant glycoproteins, Phaseolus vulgaris lectin (PHA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze and compare the N-glycans of PHA and HRP treated with either N-glycosidase A or F under denaturing conditions. The relative quantities (%) of each N-glycan (>0.1%) to the total N-glycans (100%) were determined. N-glycosidase A and F released 9 identical N-glycans of PHA, but two additional corefucosylated N-glycans were released by only N-glycosidase A, as expected. By contrast, in HRP, 8 N-glycans comprising 6 core-fucosylated N-glycans, 1 xylosylated N-glycan, and 1 mannosylated N-glycan were released by N-glycosidase A. Moreover, 8 unexpected N-glycans comprising 1 corefucosylated N-glycan, 4 xylosylated N-glycans, and 3 mannosylated N-glycans were released by Nglycosidase F. Of these, 3 xylosylated and 2 mannosylated N-glycans were released by only Nglycansodase F. These results demonstrate that N-glycosidase A alone is insufficient to release the Nglycans of all plant glycoproteins, suggesting that to identify and quantify the released N-glycans of the plant glycoprotein HRP, both N-glycosidase A and F treatments are required.

Selection of ornamental peppers elite lines for ethylene-insensitive

Peppers belongs to Capsicum genus and have a lot of different varieties. They can be different uses such as potted ornamental plants. Retail market for this type of pepper requires the development of a greater number of commercial cultivars with adequate ornamental characteristics as well as an extended shelf life (post-production). Ethylene exposure causes adverse effects in ornamental pepper post-production. Then, the goal of this study was to select ornamental pepper elite lines (Capsicum annuum L.) for ethylene-insensitive. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of the Center for Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design. Eight elite lineages and two control cultivars evaluated at three times 48, 72 and 96 hours after ethylene exposure were disposed in a split-plot arrangement. Each treatment was composed of ten repetitions. The data were submmited to analysis of variance, Scott-Knott criteria (5%), and regression analysis. The leaves demonstrated to be more sensitive to ethylene while fruits were more insensitive. It is recommended selection of UFPB lines: 56.8.24.1; 56.26.15.1 and 56.26.34.1 to participate in trials tests aiming at registration of new ethylene-insensitive cultivars.

Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) diversity conservation by in vitro culture with IAA and yeast extract

Abstract. Samanhudi, Sakya AT, Setyawati A, Muawanah M. 2022. Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) diversity conservation by in vitro culture with IAA and yeast extract. Biodiversitas 23: 2457-2463. Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) is a scare plant with high economic value and many benefits. Tissue culture is an effective way of producing plants in large quantities, in a short time with uniform results. This study aims to get the proper concentration of IAA and yeast extract for agarwood growth in vitro. The research was conducted in December 2019-June 2020 at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta. The design used is Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in 2 factors: first factor was IAA concentration with 4 level: 0; 0,5; 1; 1.5 mgL-1 and second factor was yeast extract concentration with 4 levels: 0; 200; 400; 800 mgL-1. Obtained 16 combinations of treatments repeated 3 times so that there are 48 units of experiments. Observed variables: the time of appearance of shoots, the number of shoots, the height of shoots, the number of leaves, and the number of roots. Root count data is described and data other than root count is analyzed ANOVA, if real influence is further tested DMRT 5%. The IAA affects the height of shoots and the number of agarwood leaves in vitro rooted plantlets has 5 plantlets.

Microsatellite Markers and Metabolite Profiles of Salt-Tolerant Rice: Inpari Unsoed 79 Agritan

Salinity is a challenge in crop production. High salinity affects soil osmotic pressure and the balance of nutrients that inhibit plant growth. In such case, utilization of salt-tolerant rice varieties could be an alternative. This study aims to identify microsatellite markers associated with salt tolerance, compare the Inpari Unsoed 79 Agritan variety with ten other rice genotypes based on microsatellite markers and determine the qualitative composition metabolites in Inpari Unsoed 79 Agritan associated with the plant response to salinity. This research was carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Universitas Jenderal Soedirman and Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bogor. This research used eleven rice varieties and ten microsatellite markers. The identification of microsatellite markers consisted of genomic DNA extraction, quantification and qualification of DNA, amplification of microsatellite DNA and data analysis. Metabolite profiling was conducted on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument. The results showed that microsatellite markers RM 241, RM 515, RM 519 and RM 528 differentiate the Inpari Unsoed 79 Agritan from the IR 29 genotype. Microsatellite markers RM 129 and RM 292 distinguished the Nona Bokra from the IR 29 genotypes. The genetic relationship of eleven rice genotypes resulted in two clusters. The GC-MS metabolite compounds in Inpari Unsoed 79 Agritan are β-Alanine and trimethylsilyl ester β-Alanine, a derivative compound of β-Alanine. These findings suggested that microsatellite markers RM 129, RM 292, RM 241, RM 515, RM 519 and RM 528 were associated with salt-tolerant in the seedling stage.

Nanoparticles in Plant Biotechnology: Achievements and Future Challenges

Abstract Nanoparticles (NPs) are a wide class of materials, which have at least one dimension less than 100 nm. They are actively used in plant biology research due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, the large-scale application of NPs has led researchers to consider the problems, challenges, and consequences of their environmental effect. The aim of this paper is to summarise current achievements and progress of NP use in plant biotechnology and also to evaluate future implications in this field.

Application of Cow Manure and Mycorrhiza on the Growth of Biduri (Calotropis Gigantea)

Abstract Biduri (Calotropis gigantea) was a herbaceous plant that had a lot of potentials yet farmers did not cultivate it properly. For instance, many farmers apply inorganic fertilizers excessively which could damage the environment, so that they did not embody environmentally-friendly agriculture. One of the efforts to achieved sustainable agriculture was the use of organic fertilizer. This research was conducted from March 2021 to October 2021 at the screen house, Jumantono Field Laboratory, Chemistry and Soil Fertility Laboratory, and Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory at Faculty of Agriculture, UNS. This research used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 2 elements and 3 replications. The first factor was cow dung which consists of three stages: K0 = control treatment, K1 = 10 tons/ha, K2 = 20 tons/ha. The second factor was mycorrhiza which consists of four stages: M0 = control treatment, M1 = 5 gram/plant, M2 = 10 gram/plant, M3 = 15 gram/plant. Data obtained were analysed by ANOVA and DMRT. The results showed that the interaction between cow dung and mycorrhiza did not increase the growth of biduri; administration of 20 tons/ha gives best result in terms of the heigh of the plant, diameter stem, number of leaves, and number of branches; Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi was not increase the growth of biduri.

The Dawn of Plant Molecular Biology: How Three Key Methodologies Paved the Way.

The adoption of Arabidopsis thaliana in the 1980s as a universal plant model finally enabled researchers to adopt and take full advantage of the molecular biology tools and methods developed in the bacterial and animal fields since the early 1970s. It further brought the plant sciences up to speed with other research fields, which had been employing widely accepted model organisms for decades. In parallel with this major development, the concurrent establishment of the plant transformation methodology and the description of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter enabled scientists to create robust transgenic plant lines for the first time, thereby providing a valuable tool for studying gene function. The ability to create transgenic plants launched the plant biotechnology sector, with Monsanto and Plant Genetic Systems developing the first herbicide- and pest-tolerant plants, initiating a revolution in the agricultural industry. Here I review the major developments over a less than 10-year span and demonstrate how they complemented each other to trigger a revolution in plant molecular biology and launch an era of unprecedented progress for the whole plant field. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Geminivirus-Derived Vectors as Tools for Functional Genomics.

A persistent issue in the agricultural sector worldwide is the intensive damage caused to crops by the geminivirus family of viruses. The diverse types of viruses, rapid virus evolution rate, and broad host range make this group of viruses one of the most devastating in nature, leading to millions of dollars’ worth of crop damage. Geminiviruses have a small genome and can be either monopartite or bipartite, with or without satellites. Their ability to independently replicate within the plant without integration into the host genome and the relatively easy handling make them excellent candidates for plant bioengineering. This aspect is of great importance as geminiviruses can act as natural nanoparticles in plants which can be utilized for a plethora of functions ranging from vaccine development systems to geminivirus-induced gene silencing (GIGS), through deconstructed viral vectors. Thus, the investigation of these plant viruses is pertinent to understanding their crucial roles in nature and subsequently utilizing them as beneficial tools in functional genomics. This review, therefore, highlights some of the characteristics of these viruses that can be deemed significant and the subsequent successful case studies for exploitation of these potentially significant pathogens for role mining in functional biology.

GENOME-WIDE IDENTIFICATION OF NICOTIANA TABACUM MIRNAS AND THEIR ROLE IN HUMAN HEALTH – A COMPUTATIONAL GENOMICS ASSESSMENT

Tobacco kills their half of the consumers still, grown as the most lucrative crop worldwide for different uses like chewing, smoking, and snuffing. On the other side, it was known as a chief medicinal plant by Native Americans, ancient European, Amazonian and Indian. In the middle 20th century tobacco was declared a negative and hazardous plant because of its nicotine component. Nicotiana tabacum (N. tabacum) is well studied in plant biotechnology and studied as a model plant. Likewise. N. tabacum miRNAs were also identified a decade ago however a genome-wide computational approach to identify miRNAs remained to be explored. These XenomiRs and their cross-species talk were also revealed for the first time in the current study. The top ten hub nodes (CCNE1, DDX5, NEUROD1, SOS1, CUL2, OPHN1, SOX9, KCNA1, FBXW2, and NOC3L) were retrieved from the experiment which gives evidence of tobacco miRNAs and their involvement in diseases like carcinoma and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum) genotypes for resistance to abiotic environmental stress factors

The optimal variety choice for each specific region is one of the main factors influencing the productivity increase and improving the quality of the table and seed potato. It is necessary to cultivate varieties that combine the maximum adaptability to abiotic environmental factors and high field resistance or immunity to various phytopathogens. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify varieties and hybrid material of potatoes of various genetic and geographical origin with high resistance to high air temperatures and insufficient moisture. The research was conducted during April and May 2021 at the laboratory of biotechnology of agricultural plants of the Samara Scientific Research Agriculture Institute named after N. M. Tulaykov - branch of the SamSC RAS, Bezenchuk vil., Russia. The maximum average productivity was characterized by medium-early varieties Krasa Meschery (32.3 t/ha), Debut (27.8 t/ha) and Sudarynya (26.2 t/ha) and medium-ripe varieties Utro (29.4 t/ha), Siversky (32.2 t/ha) and Alaska (31.0 t/ha). It is shown that in conditions of arid climate, medium-early and medium-ripe potato varieties with genotypes of intensive and neutral type have an advantage in yield over varieties of other varieties. The interrelation of morphological features of the aboveground part of the potato plant with the yield of tubers is established. It is shown that in conditions of high air temperature and insufficient humidification, varieties with a high rate of green mass growth in the period from 50 to 60 days from planting and with a high number of stems per plant can have an advantage. he obtained results can be used in breeding work for heat resistance and drought resistance for a quick preliminary assessment of a significant amount of hybrid potato material at the initial stages of the breeding process, as well as one of the stages of a comprehensive study of new varieties.

Studies on weed species, effect of cultural and chemical weed control methods on the growth performances of Allium cepa

Allium cepa (Onions) is one of the major vegetables that is consumed all over the world after tomatoes due to is active compounds but weeds infestation during growth phase are the major challenge faced by the farmers which result in a very poor growth and yield of this spice. In this study, the conventional hand weeding practices were compared with weedicide pendimethalin to control different weeds and the morphological characters such as; number, size, height, neck area and fresh weight of the onions bulbs planted at Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Botanical Garden, KSUSTA. Twelve (12) weeds of different family were found and identified from the experimental field namely; Urena lobata, Eragrostis tremula, Amaranthus viridis, Senna occidentalis, Cenchruse chintus, Mitracarpus scaber, Commelina lanata, Zornia latifolia, Cassia tora, Sida cordifolia, Cleome viscosa and Euphorbia thyamifolia. In all, the treatments used cultural, chemical and integrated methods had shown a positive significant effect on weed control and yield of onion. This study revealed that cultural control (hand weeding) is the best method of weed, control as it provides maximum weed control in the tested vegetable as well as higher yield