Plant-based Preparations Research Articles

Influence of Lavandula angustifolia, Melissa officinalis and Vitex angus-castus on the organism of rats fed with excessive fat-containing diet

Plant food additives are becoming more and more popular and broadly applied products, though the information on risks they poses to the organism is limited and contradictive. Obesity and overeating are some of the commonest health issues around the world, and people are increasingly consuming workability-enhancing preparations as a simple and fast method of weight control. The plant-based preparations are considered less harmful than the synthetic chemical ones. Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Melissa officinalis L. and Vitex angus-castus L. are broadly used as food additives and medicinal plants, despite the fact that their complex physiological assessment on model animals in the conditions of obesity has not yet been performed. We carried out a 30-day experiment on white male rats. All the animals were given high-fat diet, and the experimental animals, in addition to this diet, received 5% crumbled dry herbs of L. angustifolia, M. officinalis or V. angus-castus. Taking into account the overall amount of consumed food, the mean daily gain in body weight; at the end of the experiment, we determined the index of the weight of the internal organs, biochemical and morphological blood parameters. At the beginning and the end of the experiment, the rats were examined for motor and orienting activities, and emotional status. Rats on high-fat diet gained up to 112% body weight by the end of the experiment, while rats that had received V. angus-castus gained up to 119%, M. officinalis – 135%, L. angustifolia – 139%, compared with the initial body weight. Addition of medicinal plants to the diet led to increase in average daily weight increment, significantly and reliably after consuming lavender and lemon balm, less significantly and unreliably after eating Vitex. L. angustifolia and M. officinalis reduced the relative brain weight, and ingestion of L. angustifolia and M. officinalis caused notable decrease in the relative mass of the thymus (down to 58% and 47% of the relative weight of thymus in animals of the control group respectively). Also, these plants decreased the motor and orienting activities of the rats by the end of the experiment. As for the biochemical parameters of blood, the activity of alkaline phosphatase significantly increased to 406% following consumption of Melissa, to 350% after consuming lavender, and to 406% after Vitex, compared to the control group. Furthermore, all the groups were observed to have increased AST and ALT activities. Intake of lavender led to increases in cholesterol (to 125%) and LDL cholesterol (to 228%), whereas the groups that consumed lemon balm were observed to have decreases in urea nitrogen (to 79%), totalbilirubin (to 63%) and triglycerides (to 63%). Addition of Vitex led to increase in the index of aterogenecity against the background of notable fall in HDL cholesterol (to 52% of the control group). The medicinal plants also contributed to the normalization of the glucose level. Morphological analysis of blood revealed no significant changes, except heightened content of monocytes in blood, which is characteristic of all groups, including the control. Effects of L. angustifolia, M. officinalis and V. angus-castus on the organism of rats on excessive-fat diet require additional histological, histochemical and immunological surveys.

Efficacy of a complex plant-based preparation for poultry mycotoxicosis

The article presents results of efficacy studies for a complex plant-based preparation for poultry mycotoxicosis. Feed additive fibralin contains polysaccharides (dried sugar beet pulp) and phospholipids (rapeseed lecithin) in the proportion 4:1. Eighteen-day-old “Ross-308” broiler chickens with average weight of (665.10 ± 4.28) g were tested, since such mycotoxins as T-2 toxin, zearalenone and aflatoxin B1 were detected in their feeds. Maximum admissible level of each toxin was not exceeded, however, their cumulative effect on poultry resulted in mycotoxicosis. Use of fibralin in the feed (3 kg per one ton) for 10 days reduced clinical signs of intoxication, increased flock survival by 13.5% and stimulated body weight gain by 15.8%. Pharmacological effect of fibralin was demonstrated by improvement of blood morphobiochemical parameters in poultry, i.e. reduction of leukocytes by 19.3% and cholesterol by 13.6%; and an increase in the number of erythrocytes by 19.4%, hemoglobin by 8.1% and calcium by 9.5%. Antitoxin therapy had a positive effect on liver structure and functions and that fact was confirmed by a decrease in aminotransferase level in serum and normal levels of total protein. The data obtained may justify the use of this natural bio-preparation as a product with antitoxic and hepatoprotective properties and the use of fibralin for mycotoxicosis treatment of poultry.

Investigation of in vitro Anthelmintic activity of Ocimum basilicum Linn. (Lamiaceae)

Virudhunagar region of Tamil Nadu is inhabited by common people who are using several plants or plant-based preparations for the treatment of various ailments in their traditional system of medicine. During our course of study on ethnomedicine in this region, it was found that the plant being used as anthelmintic is seed of Ocimum basilicum Linn., (Lamiaceae). This plant has a wide reputation among natives of being curative for intestinalworm infection in the form of alcoholic extract. Based on this an attempt has been made to evaluate the anthelmintic potential of this plant. The Chloroform and Ethanolic extracts of Ocimum basilicum Linn, (Lamiaceae) seeds were investigated for anthelmintic activity using earthworms (Pheretima posthuma). Various concentrations (25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 75mg/ml) of plant extract were tested. Albendazole (25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 75mg/ml) was used as reference standard drug whereas distilled water was used as control. Determination of paralysis and death time of the worms were recorded. The extract exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at a concentration of 50mg/ml. The results show that the ethanolic extract possesses vermicidal activity and found to be effective as an anthelmintic.

Bioactive Agent Discovery from the Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Rat Model.

Diabetes mellitus is a well-known chronic metabolic disease that poses a long-term threat to human health and is characterized by a relative or absolute lack of insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) typically affects many metabolic pathways, resulting in β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, abnormal blood glucose levels, inflammatory processes, excessive oxidative reactions, and impaired lipid metabolism. It also leads to diabetes-related complications in many organ systems. Antidiabetic drugs have been approved for the treatment of hyperglycemia in T2DM; these are beneficial for glucose metabolism and promote weight loss, but have the risk of side effects, such as nausea or an upset stomach. A wide range of active components, derived from medicinal plants, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenol, quinones, and terpenoids may act as alternative sources of antidiabetic agents. They are usually attributed to improvements in pancreatic function by increasing insulin secretions or by reducing the intestinal absorption of glucose. Ease of availability, low cost, least undesirable side effects, and powerful pharmacological actions make plant-based preparations the key player of all available treatments. Based on the study of therapeutic reagents in the pathogenesis of humans, we use the appropriate animal models of T2DM to evaluate medicinal plant treatments. Many of the rat models have characteristics similar to those in humans and have the advantages of ease of genetic manipulation, a short breeding span, and access to physiological and invasive testing. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiological status of T2DM rat models and focus on several bioactive compounds from herbal medicine with different functional groups that exhibit therapeutic potential in the T2DM rat models, in turn, may guide future approach in treating diabetes with natural drugs.

Development and Standardization of Dental Plant-Based Preparation in The Republic of Uzbekistan

Nowadays herbal medicines are widely used in official medical practice in Uzbekistan. At the same time,the most common among both imported and domestic plant-based preparations are liquid dosage forms.The modern stage of application of these medicines is based on the rational use not only of the accumulatedexperience, but also on the achievements of scientific medicine in the study of the composition and featuresof biological activity of medicinal plants and isolated from them active compounds. Studies have shown thatthese drugs contain unique in composition combinations of biologically active substances, providing a widerange of therapeutic and preventive action. To solve the problem developed the composition and obtainedon its basis a liquid extract for the treatment of diseases of the oral cavity of the mixture of plants such aschamomile drug, sage drug, St. John’s wort, calendula drug in the ratio of raw materials - extraction fluid1:1, established the most optimal extraction fluid - 70% ethyl alcohol and obtained alcohol extraction.The resulting liquid extract was conditionally called “Parodonfit” and analyzed according to therequirements of regulatory documentation. Each of the plants has its own quality standard. Qualitativeand quantitative analyses of biologically active substances of liquid extract “Parodonfit” with the use ofphysical and chemical method, such as thin layer chromatography, chromatography spectrophotometry, gasliquidchromatography was carried out. Biologically active substances in the liquid extract - flavonoidsand tannins - were determined during the research. The sum of flavonoids was determined by TLC, wherecompounds of routine, quercetin, cinarozid were isolated. Qualitative analysis of tannins and determinationof heavy metals were conducted by pharmacopoeia method. Quantitative determination of active substancesof cinarozid by chromatospectrophotometry was carried out. The tannins in recalculation for tannin - 3,2% and in recalculation for proanthocyanides - 6,38 % were found out by chemical reactions according tothe GD (governing documents). Quality indicators for liquid extract “Parodonfit” have been developedaccording to the requirements of the normative document: physical and chemical indicators, ethyl alcoholconcentration, heavy metals, microbiological purity. The received results have shown perspective andexpediency of development of highly effective multicomponent medical products on the basis of medicinalvegetative raw materials.

Antioxidant Activity of Surinamese Medicinal Plants with Adaptogenic Properties and Correlation with Total Phenolic Contents

Plant-based preparations are commonly used in Suriname (South America) as adaptogens. In this study, fifteen alleged adaptogenic Surinamese plants have been assessed for their antioxidant activity (AA), total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid contents (TFC). The investigated plants were Anacardium occidentale, Spondiasdulcis, Annona muricata, Euterpe oleracea, Oenocarpus bacaba, Luffa acutangula, Punicagranatum, Malpighia emarginata, Syzygiumaqueum, Syzygiumcumini, Averrhoa carambola, and Renealmiaalpinia (fruit); Hibiscus sabdariffa (calyx); as well as Aloe vera and Cestrum latifolium (leaf). Aqueous extracts (1 - 3,000 μg/ mL) were prepared. AA was determined by the FRAP and the DPPH assay. TPC and TFC were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu’s and an AlCl3 colorimetric method, respectively, using gallic acid (GA) and rutin (R), respectively, as standards. Data are means ± SDs (n ≥ 3; P < 0.05). FRAP values and DPPH-scavenging activities correlated positively with each other and with TPC but not with TFC. The preparations from M. emarginata, A. carambola, A. occidentale, O. bacaba, C. latifolium, and H. sabdariffa displayed the highest FRAP values (54 ± 14 to 412 ± 30 µM Fe2+/100 μg), DPPH-scavenging activities (IC50 values of 33 ± 14 to 250 ± 50 μg/mL), and TPC (51 ± 4 to 280 ± 78 µM GAE/100 µg). TFC of all samples were ≤ 10 ± 3 RE/100 µg. The adaptogenic properties of these plants may (partially) be attributed to their high content of antioxidant phenolic compounds and may make them candidates of novel sources of health-promoting antioxidants.

RIDDHI (HABENARIA INTERMEDIA D. WEAR): SIGNIFICANCE AND VERSATILITY IN VARIOUS ANCIENT AYURVEDIC NIGHNATU SCRIPTURES

In Ayurveda treatment combines products derived from plants, animal, mineral, etc. Amongst all types of Ayurvedic preparations plant-based preparations play a significant and important role in the Ayurvedic healing process. Healing with medicinal plants is as old as mankind itself. We have been using medicinal plants since extremely long time. The use of plant based medicinal products and supplements have increased tremendously over the past three decades. Ṛddhi is an important member of Aṣṭavarga group of plants. Traditionally it is used in many herbal preparations for its rejuvenating and health promoting properties. Polyherbal formulation containing tubers of this herb possess properties viz. full of vital energy, high in antioxidants, and boosting immunity. The demand of this herb is increasing day by day but due to scarcity of this plant in wild, unaware about authentic botanical source, non-existing cultivation practices there is widespread problem of adulteration or substitution with other plants. So by taking into account the above situation this systematic review has conducted to find out authentic botanical source of Ṛddhi.

Rooting and growth of root cuttings of two old rose cultivars ‘Harison’s Yellow’ and ‘Poppius’ treated with IBA and biostimulants

Propagation by root cuttings is an easy and low-cost method for plant taxa with an ability to produce rhizomes or suckers. This research examined the possibility of using root/rhizome cuttings in the propagation of two difficult-to-root old rose cultivars, ‘Harison’s Yellow’ and ‘Poppius’. A plant-based preparation (Root Juice), titanium (Tytanit), and IBA (Chryzotop Green 0.25% IBA, Rhizopon AA 020 XX 2.00% IBA) were tested as rooting and growth enhancers for thick, medium, and thin rhizome/root cuttings. Additionally, observations were made to identify the site of the initial root and shoot formation. Shoots appeared before roots, without polarity. The visible swellings differentiating in new root/shoot buds in these two rose cultivars were placed along the rhizome. The primordia of root and shoot buds were situated near the pith rays and the vascular cambial zone. The trial reported here showed significant effects of the thickness of root cuttings and the preparations used in terms of rooting success and growth characteristics. Medium-sized cuttings of rose ‘Harison’s Yellow’ (45.0%), and thin cuttings of ‘Poppius’ (74.3%) achieved the highest rooting percentages. The most effective treatment was with Chryzotop Green, but Root Juice 0.01% and Tytanit 0.04% (‘Poppius’) and 0.02% (both cultivars) also had positive activity. Root Juice and Tytanit can be suggested for rooting cuttings of these roses as eco-friendly preparations.

Polyphenolic diversity in Vitis sp. leaves

We identified and quantified the main constitutive polyphenolic compounds of the leaves of seven Vitis species and of one interspecific cross, analysing leaf blades and veins separately, to spread light on the strategic localization of polyphenols in leaf tissues. To the best to our knowledge, the main leaf constitutive polyphenols of V. candicans, V. coignetiae, V. vinifera sylvestris and Börner were never described. V. riparia and V. rupestris (belonging to the same botanical series of Ripariae) displayed similar flavan-3-ol and dimeric proanthocyanidin concentration and similar percentage incidence of caftaric acid over total phenolic acids. V. riparia distinguished respect to the other genotypes for its high flavonol content, the highest percentage incidence of myricetin derivatives and an important diversification in the type of accumulated flavonol. V. berlandieri (series Cinereae) and Börner (hybrid of V. riparia x V. cinerea) accumulated low amounts of flavonol-glucosides comparing to the other species, but they showed a wide profile diversification, as well. However, it was V. v. sylvestris, the wild ancestor of Vitis vinifera subsp. sativa that displayed the widest flavonol profile diversification. The differences in the flavonol profile could be related to the genus Vitis evolution: in fact, with domestication, the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway underwent a progressive simplification; for this, the highest flavonol diversity found in Vitis v. sylvestris is probably a demonstration of its reduced or nil level of domestication. V. amurensis, known for its cold tolerance and resistance to downy mildew, anthracnose and white rot, markedly differentiated respect to the other genotypes, for its high concentration of polyphenols, particularly of vein flavonols and flavanonols. Moreover, V. amurensis leaves generally presented a constantly high concentration of constitutive polyphenols throughout the season that probably contributes to protect against adverse environmental condition. The abundance of polyphenols in V. amurensis leaves emphasizes that this species is a source of natural bioactive compounds that could find application for nutraceutical and pharmacological uses. V. berlandieri and Börner markedly distinguished respect to the other studied species for their exclusive capability to accumulate flavones (mainly orientin, isoorientin, vitexin and isovitexin) in blades and in veins, in considerable amounts.Knowledge about these subjects could contribute to shed light on the identification of species-related molecules involved in the plant-defense mechanisms, to the chemotaxonomy of the genus Vitis, to the possibility of identifying specific natural bioactive compounds to use in plant-based preparation for nutraceutical, cosmetic, feed/food-additive purposes.

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) as future plant vaccines that protect crops from pests

Abstract Domestication reduced the resistance of most crops which, therefore, require an ever-increasing application of pesticides. Nevertheless, in most domesticated species, the resistance against herbivores and disease agents can be activated by so-called elicitors. Here, we review various strategies of biological pest control and particularly focus on damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) as a potential novel class of plant vaccines: plant-derived molecules that trigger immunity because they indicate damage when they appear in the extracellular space or, in the case of damage-induced volatile compounds, in the aerial space around the plant. The application of plant or algal extracts, which arguably contain many DAMPs, enhanced the resistance against herbivory in cabbage, tomato and maize and to fungal or bacterial disease in all major grain crops and in banana, apple, grapevine, melon, tomato, cucumber or carrot. Similarly, purified DAMPs such as ATP, fragmented DNA, peptides, cell-wall fragments, or volatiles, elicited resistance-related responses in species such wheat, corn, soybean, grapevine, bean, eggplant, cucumber, potato or tomato. In conclusion, plant-based preparations with different degrees of purity can improve the health of multiple crops and horticultural plants. Commercial products based on plant extracts are available, and leaf extracts can even be home-made, e.g., by low-income farmers. We conclude that plant extracts and their derivatives bear an as-yet underestimated potential to serve as environmentally friendly vaccines of cultivated plants.

Фитолизин nefroCAPS в комплексном лечении женщин с хроническим рецидивирующим циститом

Recurrent lower urinary tract infections (UTI) in women are one of the most challenging problems of modern urology, which is associated both with their high incidence and increasing resistance of uropathogens to antibacterial drugs. Due to this fact, the phytotherapy of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract has received increased attention. To investigate the effectiveness of Phytolysin nefroCAPS in the complex management of women with chronic recurrent cystitis. 50 women with chronic recurrent cystitis underwent a complex examination. They were divided into two groups depending on the treatment they received. Patients of the 1st group (n=27) received a combination therapy: fosfomycin (monural) 3 g (single dose) and Phytolysin nefroCAPS one capsule three times daily for three months. Patients of the 2nd group (n=23) were administered a single 3-g dose of fosfomycin (monural). Follow-up examinations were performed 1, 3 and six months after initiation of the treatment. In patients of the 1st group, clinical manifestations of the disease disappeared earlier, and they had fewer recurrences than the patients of the 2nd group. Also, bacteriological study of urine showed a more persistent antimicrobial effect among patients of the 1st group. In patients with chronic recurrent cystitis, plant-based preparation Phytolysin nefroCAPS administered concurrently with an antibacterial drug is more effective than antibiotic monotherapy.

МАРКЕТИНГОВЕ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ДОЦІЛЬНОСТІ РОЗРОБКИ НОВОГО ЛІКАРСЬКОГО ПРЕПАРАТУ НА РОСЛИННІЙ ОСНОВІ ДЛЯ ЛІКУВАННЯ ЦУКРОВОГО ДІАБЕТУ ДРУГОГО ТИПУ

Мета роботи. Обґрунтувати у контексті маркетингу доцільність створення нового фармацевтичного препарату на основі субстанції рослинного походження для лікування цукрового діабету другого типу.Матеріали і методи. У роботі використано маркетинговий метод, методи моніторингу, логічного узагальнення, угрупування та графічний метод дослідження.Результати й обговорення. Проведено порівняльний аналіз асортименту та економічної доступності пероральних цукрознижувальних засобів синтетичного і рослинного походження, представлених на фармацевтичному ринку України. Встановлено, що найширшими асортиментом та економічною доступністю серед синтетичних засобів характеризуються препарати бігуанідів та похідних сульфонілсечовини. Порівняно з синтетичними засобами лікарські препарати рослинного походження є доступнішими, втім їх асортимент є дуже обмеженим.Висновки. За результатами проведених досліджень обґрунтовано перспективність розробки нового вітчизняного препарату на рослинній основі у твердій дозованій формі для лікування цукрового діабету другого типу.

“A thing of beauty is a joy forever”. Plants and plant-based preparations for facial care in Suriname

“A thing of beauty is a joy forever”. Plants and plant-based preparations for facial care in Suriname

Asthenic syndrome and psychosomatic diseases: from pathophysiology to pharmacotherapy

One of the main problems of modern medical practice is psychosomatic pathology. The article deals with the treatment ofpsychosomatic diseases by use of Langenа, combination phytotherapeutic drug. The combination of high safety and efficiency allows application of Langenа in treatment of psychosomatic diseases. The components of the plant-based preparation exert significant effects on pathogenesis of all asthenic syndromes. At this time, we should recognize the perspective of combination phytotherapeutic drugs, the use of which makes it possible to solve important clinical problem of polypragmasy and improving of treatment safety along with the high standards of efficiency

The value of in vitro cytotoxicity testing in identifying suitable plant-based preparations for use in animal healthcare

The value of in vitro cytotoxicity testing in identifying suitable plant-based preparations for use in animal healthcare

Phenolic constituents and antioxidant properties of five wild species of Physalis (Solanaceae).

BackgroundFruits of wild species of the genus Physalis are consumed as food and calyces and leaves are used in traditional medicine. The phenolic composition of the species of this genus have been scarcely studied. To contribute to a better knowledge for the use of all the potential of these wild species of plants, leaves, fruits, and calyces of five wild species of the genus were analyzed for their phenolic composition and antioxidant properties.ResultsImportant tissue- and species-dependent variations were found. Calyces of Physalis subulata showed the highest contents of phenolics (176.58 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g dry tissue), flavonoids (39.63 mg/g dry tissue), and phenolic acids (50.57 mg of quercitrin equivalents/g dry tissue), and its leaves displayed the highest total antioxidant capacity (3.59 mg of ascorbic acid equivalents/mL) and one of the highest reduction powers (0.54 µg of ascorbic acid equivalents/mL). A high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection analysis revealed a total of 28 phenolic compounds in foliar tissues (mainly kaempferol-3-O-glycosides), 16 in fruits (mainly phenolic acids), and 16 in calyces (mainly kaempferol-3-O-glycosides); the profiles of these compounds in the three types of tissue were species-specific.ConclusionsThe studied species of Physalis are important sources of phenolics with relevant antioxidant activity. The current results indicate that phenolic profiles are valuable specific chemical markers and can be relevant as food tracing and authenticity indicators for plant-based preparations involving species of Physalis.

Life Characteristic of Сistanche Salsa (С.А. Мey.) G. Beck – Perspective Medicinal Plant of the South Peri–Balkhash Lake Saxaul Forests

The present study was carried out within the framework of grant financing of scientific surveys per subject: Restoration potential of producing vegetation of solonchak cistanche (Сistanche salsa (С. А. Мey.) G. Beck) in the South Peri–Balkhash Lake area (2012–2014). The survey object is perspective medicinal plant encountered within the South Peri–Balkhash Lake area solonchak cistanche of the Orobanchaceae Vent. family, which in Kazakhstan is produced only at the territories of Almaty and Zhambyl regions and then it is exported to Korea and China as raw stock for production of a number of pharmacologically active compounds having wide spectrum of effect such as hypertension, sexual vigor, antioxidant activity, where at present time, the producing areas and reserves in these countries have diminished. The life characteristic of this species was studied for the purpose of balanced use and preservation of natural populations of cistanche as perspective source for production of plant-based preparations of tonic and antioxidant effect. As a result of surveys, the peculiarities of distribution and floristic composition of vegetation communities including solonchak cistanche located within the South Peri–Balkhash Lake area totaling at least 48 species of plants of 16 families were identified. As per results of field surveys, the inventory and monitoring of producing areas of cistanche were carried out before and after raw stock production. The reserves of raw stock materials were calculated and schematic maps on distribution of identified producing areas of cistanche within the surveyed area were compiled. The total hydroalcoholic extracts were received and preliminary phytochemical screening of cistanche vegetable stock collected in 2013–2014 in the area was provided. The stolons of studied plant were found to contain main groups of biologically active compounds such as flavonoids, coumarines, carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, saponins. The structures of two substances were extracted and identified.

Antioxidant, anticancer, and cytotoxic effects of Thai traditional herbal preparations consumed as rejuvenators

The present study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant, anticancer, and cytotoxic properties of 18 ethanol extracts of the plant-based preparations described in Thai Pharmaceutical Textbook and locally used as rejuvenators. ‘Tri-Su-Ra-Phon’, ‘Tri-Sa-Mo’, ‘Jatu-Pha-La-Ti-Ga’, and ‘Nava-Kot’ extracts had much higher antioxidant activities than those of standard trolox and ascorbic acid. The percentage inhibitions, using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)methods, of these extracts were found to be approximately 73.33 ± 6.01–93.50 ± 0.30% and 73.71 ± 2.77–101.86 ± 0.54%, respectively. ‘Tri-Su-Ra-Phon’ extract presented the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents of 1373.40 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract and 4290.60 mg catechin equivalent/g of extract, respectively. Moreover, ‘Jatu-Pha-La-Ti-Ga’, ‘Tri-Sa-Mo’, and ‘Tri-Su-Ra-Phon’ exhibited significant anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell lines with selectivity indexes of 3–12. Based on this information, it could be concluded that ‘Jatu-Pha-La-Ti-Ga’, ‘Tri-Sa-Mo’, and ‘Tri-Su-Ra-Phon’ have great potential to be used in the development of functional beverages that are currently in demand for health benefits.

Novel Developments in the Pharmacological Management of Insomnia

Advances in the basic science of sleep/wake neurophysiology are driving the exploration of new pharmacologic approaches with continued improvement in efficacy and safety.

Przewlekłe zanikowe zapalenie gardła jako problem geriatryczny

Chronic atrophic pharyngitis is a special form of chronic inflammation of the throat, which coexist change production and mirrors. The disease most often refers to older people, especially women. It results from the progressive age-circulatory disorders and secretory function of the glands of the mucous membranes. This causes severe pain and general discomfort which reduces the quality of life of geriatric patients who have intensified the course of dysphagia, typical for this age group. Various methods of treatment of symptomatic, documented in the literature for decades, characterized by low efficiency. Present on the market of plant-based preparations, which have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and stimulating the natural processes of growth and renewal of tissues seem to be particularly appropriate for use in chronic atrophic pharyngitis. This paper presents a formulation containing sea buckthorn oil, marigold and bergamot, which is sold in the Polish market as Larimax T.