Renovation Plan Research Articles

地域文化影响下的青岛八大关别墅改造计划

地域文化影响下的青岛八大关别墅改造计划

Automation process in data collection for representing façades in building models as part of the renovation process

A key barrier in building-facade renovation processes is that, contrary to new designs, an initial building model where the design process is based rarely exists, and the technologies usually employed to create it (e.g., based on point cloud scanning) are costly or require modeling skills. This situation is a clear limitation, especially in early decision stages, where the level of detail required is not very high, and the analysis and studies to consider the renovation plan (e.g., simplified energy simulations and renovation potential, or estimation of the number, types, and dimensions of the prefabricated modules incorporating solar panels) highly depend on such digital models. This paper introduces a process that, based on freely available data such as open GIS sources (local Cadasters, OpenStreetMap…) and façade images, can semi-automatically generate the 3D building model of the existing conditions, and in a second step also suggests the prefabricated facades module layout for building upgrades. Additionally, no onsite visit is needed. When the upgrade is focused on the façade, a big opportunity is identified for generating the building model and a realistic representation of its envelope, only using online data sources as input. The process developed consists of a set of easy-to-use software tools that can be used independently or combined in a workflow, depending on the available data and starting conditions. Time saving is very clear and costs can be reduced.

Influence of the Decision to Select Renovated Elements in a Heritage Building on Further Stages of the Aging Process of the Building—A Case Study

The successful use of buildings requires experience, interdisciplinary knowledge and skills. Wrong decisions made by building owners or managers to implement repair projects have a negative impact on the aging of buildings, which is closely related to sustainable development. Renovation projects in more degraded buildings must be carried out to a greater extent, which has a negative impact on the environment in the form of more building waste. This article presents the results of research on the impact of refurbishment decisions on the technical conditions of buildings. The development of an optimal building renovation strategy will result in a safe and comfortable building. A comparative analysis of the impact of the choice of repair building elements on further aging changes in the building was carried out. The reason for the subject is the frequent consideration by managers of the hierarchy of building elements that improve the technical condition of the building, the reason for which is the lack of financial resources to carry out overall renovation works. To date, two refurbishment strategies have been adopted, as well as assumptions about the building’s material and structural solutions and the building’s service life. Theoretical assumptions were applied to determine the repair needs of the Bialkow palace. The method shows the superiority of the impact of structural elements over non-structural elements in improving the technical condition of a building. Developing a renovation plan with the implementation of the presented strategy will significantly reduce the technical condition of the entire building with a moderate budget, limiting the occurrence of a building disaster and the serious carbon footprint associated with the demolition of the property.

Cracking the code: mapping residential building energy performance in rural Central Asia through building typologies

Buildings in rural Central Asia have unique characteristics as they were built during the Soviet era (during 1950–1960) without any energy efficiency measures. The special and aged building stock pose a crucial challenge on energy security and energy supply. However, accurate scientific data on their energy usage is lacking, highlighting a research gap about robust and validated methodology to determine the energy use of rural Central Asian buildings. In response to this need, this research paper proposes a set of generalised residential building typologies for rural Central Asia, with a focus on Kyrgyzstan. The study combines quantitative and qualitative methods, including household surveys, energy demand modelling, EnergyPlus simulations, and result validation. It derives energy-based building typologies from construction year and building envelope characteristics. Through numerous validated simulations, it was identified that the heat demand for rural Kyrgyz houses is 3–5 times here compared to European houses (250–400 kWh/m2). The study revealed the estimated heat demand for homes in rural Kyrgyzstan, indicating a significant potential for improving building energy efficiency in the region. These results can inform specific approaches, such as building renovation plans, energy certification, and renovation strategies. Furthermore, the validated methodology introduced offers opportunities for researchers in the field of building energy efficiency and can be applied to similar regions in Central Asia with comparable building stocks and climates.

Renovating Space to Age in Place: Experiences of Elderly Residents Living through Public Housing Renovations and Reflections from Affordable Housing Developers

In this article, we explore the experiences of older adults living in public housing undergoing renovations and its associated impacts on their perceived sense of well-being. We also consider the ways in which affordable housing developers contemplate residents’ health and wellness into renovation plans and processes. Following the conventions of hermeneutic analysis, we conducted open-ended in-depth interviews with older adults living in public housing undergoing renovations (n = 21) and representatives of a variety of affordable housing developers (n = 12). Our analysis demonstrates that residents had strong attachments to their individual living spaces prior to renovations and were fiercely protective of them. Renovations created a sense of unease among older residents as the familiar features of their homes were altered. The processes and the outcomes of renovations and new management strategies raised fears that their lived environments were becoming institutionalized. Developers acknowledged that a tension exists between residents’ desires for personalized private space, and their responsibilities as landlords to prioritize the physical safety of residents and the fiduciary obligations to maintain building longevity.

Digitalization of Building Site Management in the Construction Industry

With Industry 4.0, a digital transformation has started in the construction industry. However, 4.0 technologies have difficulties in the integrationof digital systems due to the diversity and complexity of the processes in the construction industry. Multidisciplinary work in architectural projects and the need for high productivity require digital renovation planning in the construction industry. Theapplication of the technologies that emerged because of digital transformation on the building site has revealed the concept of the smart building site. Within the framework of many current issues such as the smart building site, the digital transformation on the building sites needs to be explored and defined. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was carried out on the publications in this field by evaluating the transformation potentials of the digitalized building sites of the future. Academic publications that will raise awareness in the improvement of building site management and the development of digital systems have been determined. Conceptual integrity was created by seeing the research gap for digitalization in building site management and it was aimed to guide researchers in future studies. As a result, based on the research area analysis and the diversity of academic publications, it was seen that the studies in the field of architecture were insufficient compared to the engineering fields.

Environmental burdens analysis of current music player devices through Life-Cycle Assessment methodology and optimum lifespan of these apparatus

Listening to music has unavoidable environmental impacts due to the technology used to reproduce it. The primary goal of this research is to calculate the impacts of streaming music data on the latest technological appliances, namely a smart TV (STV) and a smartphone (SPH). Furthermore, we have virtually modelled potential new sustainable scenarios, assessing their entire cradle-to-grave life cycle, through Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, in order to understand within how many years of its lifespan an old appliance ought to be replaced with a new one for the purpose of reducing the Global Warming Potential (GWP) affections.According to the results, the selected 6.5-inch-screen smartphone emits 49.28 kg CO2-eq during its lifespan (9.00 g CO2-eq per hour), while the smart TV emits 406.40 kg CO2-eq throughout its average lifetime (32.56 g CO2-eq per hour). More specifically, the impacts associated with their use as music players are 2.58 g CO2-eq per listened hour in the case of the smartphone and 8.18 in that of the smart TV, taking music as occupying 25 % of the use phase of the SPH and 29 % of the use phase of the STV, as global averages. In the sustainable scenarios modelled, when the old appliances are replaced with new more efficient ones (Scenarios 1 and 2), GWP could be reduced by up to 8.82 % and 3.15 % for the SPH and the STV respectively. However, if old appliances are instead run on renewable energy and an efficient use of them is made (Scenarios 3 and 4), GWP could be reduced by up to 9.77 % and 60.75 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the optimum substitution lifespan for the SPH increases from 27.78 to 175.76 years, and that of the STV increases from 4.64 to 29.33 when this renewable energy and efficient use scenario is simulated.Thus, this research serves to confirm that the replacement of appliances is not justifiable as an attempt to reduce their environmental impact, unless renewable energy is used in our music reproduction appliances. Therefore, from an environmental point of view, the environmental effectiveness of substituting old appliances with new ones when listening to music is not supported by the data presented in this research. Rather, this research supports the view that the public funds should prioritise the goal of running appliances on renewable energy, rather than classic “renovation plans” or scrappage schemes of old music player appliances. The research shows how different policy-making strategies could bring numerous GWP reductions on account of the whole life cycle of these appliances, and underlines the significance of LCA calculations in determining public policy.

Multi-criteria decision-making approach for energy-efficient renovation strategies in hospital wards: Balancing energy, economic, and thermal comfort

The evaluation of benefits derived from energy-saving renovation schemes plays a crucial role in the implementation of energy policies. Hospital buildings, due to their specific nature, require energy-saving renovations that place a greater emphasis on enhancing air quality and providing occupants with a comfortable environment. This requirement significantly sets them apart from other types of buildings, necessitating the consideration of investors' preferences when making decisions regarding renovation plans. This study proposes a multi-criteria decision-making method to aid investors in selecting the most optimal renovation strategy for hospital wards, taking into account factors such as energy efficiency, economic viability, and thermal comfort. To demonstrate the practicality of the proposed method, a case study was conducted in a hospital ward. The results indicate that green roofs yield the highest economic benefits, with an expected net present value of 47,359.38 yuan and an anticipated payback period of only 5.3 years. The replacement of high-performance windows is not financially feasible. However, upon simultaneous consideration of other renovation measures, the replacement of high-performance windows becomes a viable option due to investors' willingness to invest in energy-efficient and comfortable solutions, even if the economic benefits of such a scheme are not optimal. This study offers a comprehensive decision-making approach for energy-saving renovation strategies in hospital wards, providing valuable insights to investors in selecting the most suitable energy-saving renovation plan.

Optimization and Performance Improvement of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) for 330 MW Subcritical Thermal Power Unit

With the continuous assessment of the “Two Detailed Rules”, various power generation groups are paying increasing attention to AGC. A 350 MW subcritical unit has been in a poor performance state under AGC-R mode since the 2022 heating season, with a K1 value below 1.2 and a K2 value not reaching the qualified value. It is facing the cancellation of the qualification for AGC-R mode. In the face of the problem with the unit, this article analyzes three reasons. Firstly, the speed setting exceeds the requirements, but the actual unit action does not meet the standards. There is a deviation in power and a significant deterioration in control quality during the turning point and continuous climbing of AGC instructions. Based on the above analysis, this article proposes three renovation plans to optimize the instructions through nonlinear correction functions and achieve the elimination of instruction deviations. It calculates and judges the difference between the corrected AGC load command value and the actual power value of the unit. It calculates the deviation and sends the deviation to a saturated nonlinear link to generate the feedforward of the main turbine control, improving the output of the main turbine control. By setting a variable integral function, the main control output of the boiler is improved. After this technical transformation, the AGC performance of the unit has been significantly improved.

Renovation or Redevelopment: The Case of Smart Decision-Support in Aging Buildings

In Germany, as in many developed countries, over 60% of buildings were constructed before 1978, where most are in critical condition, requiring either demolition with plans for redevelopment or renovation and rehabilitation. Given the urgency of climate action and relevant sustainable development goals set by the United Nations, more attention must be shifted toward the various sustainability aspects when deciding on a strategy for the renovation or redevelopment of existing buildings. To this end, this study focused on developing a smart decision support framework for aging buildings based on lifecycle sustainability considerations. The framework integrated digital technological advancements, such as building information modeling (BIM), point clouds processing with field information modeling (FIM)®, and structural optimization, together with lifecycle assessment to evaluate and rate the environmental impact of different solutions. Three sustainability aspects, namely, cost, energy consumption, and carbon emissions, were quantitatively evaluated and compared in two scenarios, namely, renovation, and demolition or deconstruction combined with redevelopment. A real building constructed in 1961 was the subject of the experiments to validate the framework. The result outlined the limitations and advantages of each method in terms of economics and sustainability. It was further observed that optimizing the building design with the goal of reducing embodied energy and carbon in compliance with modern energy standards was crucial to improving overall energy performance. This work demonstrated that the BIM-based framework developed to assess the environmental impact of rehabilitation work in aging buildings can provide effective ratings to guide decision-making in real-world projects.

Forecasting the Costs for Adapting the Housing Stock to Changing Permafrost Conditions (the Case of Norilsk)

The problem of predicting the socio-economic consequences of permafrost degradation due to climate change is an important area of modern scientific research. At the moment, there are no unified approaches and methods for assessing this type of natural risk, respectively, there is no reliable idea of the scale of possible consequences, which in turn is manifested in the poor elaboration of the issue in strategic planning documents for permafrost areas. The city of Norilsk (Krasnoyarsk krai) is an example of an Arctic city in Russia, located in the permafrost zone, where active work has begun on the housing stock renovation, including due to problems associated with the degradation of permafrost under the influence of anthropogenic and climatic factors. An analysis of legal documents related to the socioeconomic development of the city, renovation plans and documents aimed at solving the problem of replacing the deformed housing stock showed that the scale of measures does not fully correspond to the severity of the problem. A comparison of the key characteristics of the Norilsk housing stock, taking into account its current state and plans for transformation, with a long-term forecast of changes in engineering and cryological conditions until 2050, made it possible to estimate the total costs of adaptation, which can reach 1.6 trillion rubles in 2023 prices. In addition, a rating of Russian Arctic municipalities was compiled, based on the ratio of indicators characterizing internal adaptive capabilities to changing geocryological conditions and the amount of expected damage to the buildings and structures. It was found that, in general, the scale of the likely consequences significantly exceeds the available resources, and the most negative situation is already developing in the most depressed areas.

Analysis on the Current Energy Consumption of Heating In Rural Toilets in Tibet

In order to grasp the basic sanitation facilities, toilet renovation planning and progress, residents' toilet habits and willingness to renovate, and the maintenance status of renovated toilets in townships and rural areas of Tibet, and to understand the basic situation and toilet renovation planning of public toilets in townships and rural areas. This article selects independent public toilets in agricultural and pastoral areas of Tibet as the research object. In response to the problems of low indoor temperature and high heat consumption in township toilets, the construction and heating status of township toilets were obtained through on-site research. The heating characteristics of township toilet buildings were summarized, and typical buildings were selected for load characteristics analysis, providing a preliminary basis for the design of solar heating schemes in the future.

Excellent, steady and economical nitrogen removal in highly variable mining wastewater via three-stage partial-denitrification/partial-nitrification/anammox system: A pilot-scale demonstration

In this study, a novel three-stage partial-denitrification/partial-nitrification/anammox (PD/PN/Anammox) system was established. Results showed that the excess of COD and the reduction of nitrite in PD process caused by the instability of influent nitrate are avoided through real-time influent COD/N ratio of 2.1. The extending the aeration interval in PN process enhanced the inhibition of nitrite oxidizing bacteria and promoted the activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria under low free ammonia (FA, 1.1 ± 0.2 mg/L). In the upflow porous-plate anaerobic reactor (UPPAR), anammox bacteria (Candidatus_Kuennia) was rapid natural enriched from 0 % to 48.4 %, and granular anammox was formed by the increased of filamentous bacteria, α-d-glucose and a-helix. Moreover, the removal and robustness of ammonia nitrogen (98.9 ± 1.8 %) and total nitrogen (87.0 ± 2.3 %) in this system are better than those of the single stage PN/PD/Anammox process, and its cost of oxygen consumption, COD consumption and sludge treatment is far lower than that of nitrification denitrification process and PN/Anammox/denitrification process. This study provides a series of feasible start-up and operation strategies of PD, PN, Anammox and PD/PN/Anammox processes for the application of anammox in rare earth mining wastewater, which proposes upgrading and renovation plans for local wastewater treatment plants.

Investigating the Energy-Saving Effectiveness of Envelope Retrofits and Photovoltaic Systems: A Case Study of a Hotel in Urumqi

Many of China’s older buildings, built in the 1970s and 1980s, faces several indoor temperature and heating energy consumption problems. Based on an investigation and analysis of an old hotel in Urumqi, this paper proposes a renovation plan to improve the indoor temperature and reduce the heating energy consumption, thereby introduce a sustainable development strategy for the winter. The effects of different renovation plans on the hotel were simulated using DesignBuilder and PVsyst software. The results show that improving the insulation performance of the building envelope, including reforming the roof, exterior wall, doors, and windows and adjusting the window-to-wall ratio, is the primary way to improve indoor temperature and reduce heating energy consumption in winter. If economic conditions allow, we can also install photovoltaic systems on the roof to save a significant amount of energy. This paper puts forth specific reconstruction plans for old buildings in cold regions as well as some possible reconstruction paths for other structures according to the local economic development level to provide a reference for future related studies.

Математическое обоснование сопротивления движению автотранспорта в зависимости от состояния конструкции покрытия лесовозных дорог

The currently available methods for evaluating technical-operational characteristics and conditions of hauling roads are time- consuming. Although, they provide a sufficiently accurate description of the conditions of certain road components. Furthermore, they give the possibilities to identify ways for elimination of the constructional defects and determine the work extent to correct them. A peculiarity of forestry production is the simultaneous exploitation of a branching transport network with different types of subsidiary hauling roads, which depends on weather conditions, change of logging locations, traffic intensity, and other factors. Therefore, the available methods, which clarify the relationships between the traffic resistance and strength of the road construction, are poorly usable for rapid estimation of the technical and operational conditions in renovation planning. The purpose of the study is to improve the methodological fundamentals of traction-operational calculations for timber transportation according to the constructional state of the hauling roads. It has been determined that the calculation of the rolling resistance must include the factor of structural deformation. It is influenced by the modulus of elasticity for the surface structural materials. The resulting relationship makes it possible to increase the accuracy of traction-operational calculations at the project phase of the hauling road building. It can be included into the target function for comparing alternatives in the case of optional project planning. The mathematical aspect in the evaluation of the traffic resistance gives an opportunity to use this parameter as an indirect characteristic of the constructional strength of a road, as well as it can be a comprehensive qualitative indicator of the condition of a pavement. For citation: Prokopets V.S., Kozlov V.G., Skrypnikov A.V., Ponomareva N.G., Levushkin D.M., Borovlev Yu.A. Mathematical Justification of Vehicular Traffic Resistance in Relation to Structural Surface Conditions of Hauling Roads. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 106−120. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-106-120

Exploitation of Mediterranean Cooperation Projects’ Tools for the Development of Public Buildings’ Energy Efficiency Plans at Local Level: A Case Study in Greece

Ever since European Directive 2012/27/EU, particular attention has been focused on the improvement of the energy efficiency of the public building stock. According to the directive, local public authorities, regions and municipalities, are expected to develop and implement energy efficiency retrofitting plans for their public building stocks. While conducting such plans, important challenges are raised mainly related to data collection and the manipulation of key performance indicators (KPIs) for many buildings. The present paper deals with the aforementioned challenges through (a) the evaluation of freely available tools developed in the framework of Mediterranean territorial cooperation projects, with respect to the main pillars of energy efficiency planning, and (b) the introduction of a stepwise methodology using selected tools toward a reliable energy efficiency plan extending from the classification of the building stock to the prioritization of projects in terms of a gradual renovation plan based on energy and cost criteria. The methodology is applied for a case study in Greece, which refers to 10 public buildings of the Municipality of Aigialeia in Greece. A reliable renovation plan is developed, taking into account the municipal authority’s directions in a specialized decision-making scheme. It is concluded that the suggested methodology is very practical for planning purposes, while for the case studied, a 6-year gradual renovation plan is emerged until a deep retrofit of all buildings, associated with an estimated primary energy saving and CO2 emissions avoidance of more than 1850 MWh and 400 tns, respectively, with a total investment of about EUR 3 million.

Flat Roofs Renovation Planning on Public Buildings Using Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Analysis

Renovation of flat roofs typically involves repairing or replacing the existing roof to improve its performance and extend its lifespan. The renovation process may include a range of tasks depending on the condition of the roof, such as repairing leaks, replacing damaged or deteriorated materials, adding insulation, or upgrading drainage systems. This research aim was to establish the priority of renovation of flat roofs of the public building based on the principles of multi-criteria analysis and fuzzy set theory, using the multi-criteria method PROMETHEE II in fuzzy logic form (F-PROMETHEE II). The proposed approach is adequate due to its ability to transform the uncertain and vague information received from an expert into a fuzzy number. This way, the objective outcome can be obtained, the criteria conflict removed and the alternatives ranking and mutual comparison enabled. It was necessary to analyze the existing literature, the flat roofs of a public building in terms of their current condition, and define the main goals and criteria for the roof renovation project. Based on the defined goals and criteria, the roofs are evaluated and ranked according to the priority for renovation. The planning process of renovation of flat roofs was carried out specifically on the building of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy in Split.

A Novel Remaining Useful Estimation Model to Assist Asset Renewal Decisions Applied to the Brazilian Electric Sector

Assets deteriorate over time, as well as being covered, corroded, or becoming old in less obvious ways. Maintenance can extend the remaining useful life (RUL) of an asset system, but sooner or later it must surely be replaced. In this study, we propose a new RUL estimation methodology to assist in decision making for the maintenance and replacement of assets from prioritizing equipment in a renovation plan. Our methodology uses advanced data analysis techniques that consider multiple competing criteria with the goal of maximizing values of the asset throughout its life cycle, while considering the rules of remuneration and service quality of the current regulation, as well as the values at risk according to the decisions and actions taken. Experimental results with real datasets show the efficiency of the proposed approach. Finally, this work also presents the development of an analytical tool to optimize asset renewal decisions applying the RUL estimation methodology proposed and its application to the Brazilian electric sector.

Combining mobile measurements on noise and soundscape evaluation in a University Campus after a renovation plan.

This paper contributes on the popular topic of smartphone-based noise mapping and in general participatory sensing. It has a dual aim as on one hand it provides a methodological framework on the spatio-temporal variability of noise and soundscape and in parallel, it investigates the role of green space and water features on soundscape preference with respect to certain activities. The study was organised in Zernike University Campus in Groningen, the Netherlands around 13 predefined locations, equipped with seating facilities. A big part of the study area was recently redesigned as part of the Zernike promenade. Students, enrolled in the course of Environment and Engineering, used the ArcGIS 123 Survey and the NoiseCapture mobile applications for soundscape and noise data collection respectively. Statistical analysis and GIS tools were used to investigate the noise and soundscape variability in different time periods from morning to evening. Additionally, the effect of green space and water features on soundscape quality and users' preference is identified by exploring the links with activities related to socializing and relaxing. The contribution of the above-mentioned technologies in participatory planning and urban design interventions is discussed parallel to the educational benefit of these tools in the achievement of the course learning objectives.

Pendampingan Teknis Perencanaan Renovasi Pembangunan Masjid As-Syuhada Rumpun Diponegoro Kota Semarang

<p align="justify"><em>Mosques are one the public facilities that have a role as houses of worship for muslims. In addition, the mosque also functions as a center for community activities such as a place for celebrating big days, discussions, studies, seminars, lectures, and training as a center for religious learning for the community. To increase the role and function of the mosque as well as an effort to increase the capacity or capacity of worshippers, the mosque prosperity council (DKM) plans to renovate the construction of mosque. The existing condition of the mosque currently has supporting facilities, but it is considered inadequate with a limited capacity of worshippers. In addition, physically the existing mosque building is quite simple, so carrying out renovations requires careful planning. The purpose of this community service (PkM) of Faculty of Engineering of Universitas Semarang</em> <em>is to assist DKM in making a renovation plan design for the construction of the As-Syuhada Mosque. The output of this mentoring activity is in the form of submitting design drawings of the 2 floors mosque building including detailed structural drawings, as well as 3D drawings and calculation of the cost budget plan (RAB). The drawings and RAB of the renovation work for the construction of the As-Shahada Mosque that had been approved were then used as guidelines for carrying out work in the field.</em></p>