Evaluation Plan Research Articles

Strategies for evaluation of a multi-phased complex arts-and-health project

Background: Different approaches and frameworks are available for those evaluating arts-and-health projects. We share our experience in devising, implementing and reflecting on the evaluation strategy of a complex arts-and-health project rooted in a deep participatory phase and culminating in an immersive nationally touring exhibition. Methods: The evaluation focused on different stakeholders (i.e. workshop participants, clinicians involved in the participatory phase, public audiences, the project team itself) using different approaches (i.e. group reflections, email feedback, 1:1 interviews, feedback cards with creative invitations, online journals). Results: Rich and nuanced observations indicate that a mix of methodologies can produce knowledge about team dynamics, participants’ experiences and audiences’ responses. This strategy, designed at the onset of the project and carried out collaboratively by the interdisciplinary core project team, was responsive to the evolution of the project, resulting in a well-defined, transparent but also reactive evaluation plan to maximise the capture of stakeholder feedback. Conclusion: A clear, collaborative evaluation plan should be devised at the onset of arts-and-health participatory projects.

Bridging the evidence-to-action gap: enhancing alignment of national nutrition strategies in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam with global and regional recommendations.

Nutrition policies are critical frameworks for tackling the triple burden of malnutrition, including undernutrition (i.e., stunting and wasting), overweight, and hidden hunger (i.e., micronutrient deficiencies). We examined (1) the alignment of recent National Nutrition Strategies and Action Plans (NNS) in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam with recent global and regional recommendations and standards with a focus on maternal, infant, and young child nutrition and (2) changes compared to the previous NNS. We extracted information regarding the context, objectives, interventions, indicators, strategies, and coordination mechanisms from the most recent NNSs in Cambodia (2019-2023), Laos (2021-2025), and Vietnam (2021-2030). Recent NNSs aimed to reduce malnutrition among priority populations and described program development, monitoring, and evaluation plans for the following interventions: breastfeeding promotion, improved complementary feeding, dietary diversity, safe water, food security, nutritional/health campaigns, strategies for vulnerable groups, and strengthening of policies related to food and nutrition. Direct interventions to improve women's general nutrition (outside of pregnancy) and adolescent nutrition were not the focus of any NNSs. Although some indicators (e.g., wasting and exclusive breastfeeding) were covered in all recent NNSs, other indicators (e.g., low birth weight and childhood overweight and obesity) were inconsistently incorporated. In comparison to the previous NNS, the following interventions were discontinued in three countries: dietary counseling, maintaining physical activity, monitoring weight gain during pregnancy, maternal micronutrient supplementation, and nutrition and HIV. Despite similarities in structure and content, the recent NNSs of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam do not consistently align with global and regional recommendations. Variations in the types of interventions and indicators included may reflect a shift in priorities, attention, or resources. In conclusion, the NNSs of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam exhibit both structural and content similarities; however, certain interventions and indicators vary across countries and differ from global and regional recommendations. Enhancing alignment while prioritizing country-specific needs, optimizing coordination, ensuring policy efficacy, and updating nutrition strategy data for cross-country comparisons and knowledge exchange is critical to ensure progress on reducing malnutrition in the region.

Evaluation of improvements in plan quality with Photon Optimizer v16.1 for single brain lesion SRS treatment.

The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of the Photon Optimizer (PO) version 16.1 algorithm with its earlier version PO v13.6 and with Progressive Resolution Optimizer (PRO) version 13.6 algorithms. 20 patients with single brain lesions treated with the stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) technique were retrospectively selected for this study. Initially, for all patients volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) SRS plans were generated with the PRO v 13.6 algorithm. Then, all the plans were re-generated with two versions 13.6 and 16.1 of PO algorithm using the same setup and dose-volume optimization objectives as that of PRO with a similar planning approach. The quality of the generated plans was analysed using ICRU 91 plan evaluation parameters and also using dice similarity co-efficient (DSC), centre of mass distance (CMD) between target and prescription isodose line, Monitor units (MU) and brain-gross tumor volume (GTV) 12 Gy volume. Paired Student t-test was used for statistical analysis with 0.05 as a significant value. PO v16.1 improved all the dosimetric parameters studied compared to PO 13.6, the difference is statistically significant for all the parameters (p < 0.05), except for median dose and brain-GTV 12 Gy volume. PO v16.1 also showed statistically significant improvement for all the dosimetric parameters evaluated, except DSC and conformity index (CI), compared to PRO v13.6. The PO v16.1 generated plans are dosimetrically superior to PO v13.6 and PRO v13.6 in terms of target dose coverage and dose gradient with lesser beam modulation and plan complexity for single brain lesion SRS.

Molecular Genetics Augment Cytopathologic Evaluation and Surgical Planning of Pediatric Thyroid Nodules

PurposeMolecular genetic testing in conjunction with cytopathology may improve prediction of malignancy in thyroid nodules, particularly those with indeterminate cytology (Bethesda III/IV). Though now commonplace in adults, pediatric data are limited. This study examines molecular genetics of pediatric nodules with correlation to cytologic and histologic classification at time of surgery and the distribution of mutations. MethodsRetrospective chart review of 164 patients <22 years who underwent surgical resection of a thyroid nodule between 2002 and 2020 with molecular testing on fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) or final histopathology. Results85 (52 %) of 164 patients undergoing thyroid resection had available molecular genetic testing. BRAF V600E testing was performed on the FNA samples of 73 (86 %) patients and on 15 (18 %) surgical specimens; 31 (37 %) were positive. Of the remaining 54 patients, 21 had additional mutation/fusion testing. In 17 (81 %) cases, an alternate mutation/fusion was identified including 8 gene fusions, 3 DICER1 mutations, 4 NRAS mutations, one BRAF variant, and one unknown variant. BRAF, DICER1 mutations, and gene fusions predicted malignancy. Greater than 95 % of BRAF mutations were in Bethesda V/VI lesions and associated with classic variant PTC whereas fusions and DICER1 mutations clustered in Bethesda IV nodules. Bethesda III nodules harbored BRAF and NRAS mutations. In Bethesda IV nodules, a gene fusion or DICER mutation altered the surgical decision-making (upfront thyroidectomy rather than lobectomy) in 70 % of nodules submitted for genetic testing. ConclusionExpanded molecular genetic testing on FNA of pediatric thyroid nodules, particularly Bethesda III/IV, may improve prediction of malignancy and augment surgical decision-making. Level of EvidenceIII.

Merging mathematics, biology, and local culture: exploring a traditional food project in elementary education

Integrating scientific disciplines through a transdisciplinary approach is a pivotal component of contemporary learning paradigms, fostering educational experiences that transcend monodisciplinary boundaries and embrace the integration of diverse fields. Addressing this imperative, we collaborated with educators in Indonesia to devise a learning framework that interweaves mathematics, biology, and cultural dimensions by utilizing the context of Tempeh production – a traditional fermented food in Indonesia. This article delineates the intricacies of our pedagogical design, encompassing eight key stages: briefing, contextualization, exploration, action 1 to action 4, and reflection. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive analysis of students’ reflective writing, employing thematic analysis across six stages, namely description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, and action plan. This initiative seeks to forge connections between scientific disciplines and to furnish students with theoretical knowledge and tangible and pragmatic experiences.

Optimization of the "Perth CT" Protocol for Preoperative Planning and Postoperative Evaluation in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background and Objectives: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has become the treatment of choice for advanced osteoarthritis. The aim of this paper was to show the possibilities of optimizing the Perth CT protocol, which is highly effective for preoperative planning and postoperative assessment of alignment. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study comprised 16 patients for preoperative planning or postoperative evaluation of TKA. All patients were examined with the standard and optimized Perth CT protocol using advance techniques, including automatic exposure control (AEC), iterative image reconstruction (IR), as well as a single-energy projection-based metal artifact reduction algorithm for eliminating prosthesis artifacts. The effective radiation dose (E) was determined based on the dose report. Imaging quality is determined according to subjective and objective (values of signal to noise ratio (SdNR) and figure of merit (FOM)) criteria. Results: The effective radiation dose with the optimized protocol was significantly lower compared to the standard protocol (p < 0.001), while in patients with the knee prosthesis, E increased significantly less with the optimized protocol compared to the standard protocol. No significant difference was observed in the subjective evaluation of image quality between protocols (p > 0.05). Analyzing the objective criteria for image quality optimized protocols resulted in lower SdNR values and higher FOM values. No significant difference of image quality was determined using the SdNR and FOM as per the specified protocols and parts of extremities, and for the presence of prothesis. Conclusions: Retrospecting the ALARA ('As Low As Reasonably Achievable') principles, it is possible to optimize the Perth CT protocol by reducing the kV and mAs values and by changing the collimation and increasing the pitch factor. Advanced IR techniques were used in both protocols, and AEC was used in the optimized protocol. The effective dose of radiation can be reduced five times, and the image quality will be satisfactory.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Employee Training and Development

This study analyses the application of artificial intelligence in employee training and development. The applications of AI in workplace training, performance evaluation and career development planning are explored. Among them, four aspects of AI in workplace training are analysed, including challenges and opportunities of workplace training, intelligent aids in workplace training, assessment and optimisation of workplace training effects, and cases of AI aids in workplace training; four aspects of performance assessment are analysed, including data collection and analysis, automated assessment tools, real-time feedback and personalised guidance, and assisted decision-making and prediction; and four aspects of career development planning, four aspects are analysed, such as AI can provide personalised career development advice for employees, AI can also help employees to discover new opportunities and challenges in their career development process, AI can also provide career development training and knowledge management, and the application of AI in career development planning also faces some challenges.

Improving outdoor pedagogy through design: Reflections on the process of redesigning a school landscape

This paper critically reflects on a participatory multi-phase mixed-methods action research study with an embedded quasi-experiment to investigate the design and development of a school landscape in Bangladesh. The study employs a suite of qualitative, quantitative and visual methods to co-design the school landscape with children, teachers and the school community, and examine the impact of the redesigned schoolgrounds on the teaching and learning process, children’s academic attainment, engagement (motivation) and play during break times. This research approach is novel within landscape architecture and represents a methodological shift in the field of design and planning of schoolgrounds. By critically reflecting on the methodological approach and outlining strategies to overcome the challenges related to this complex design, the paper provides new insights that contribute to the design and planning of mixed-methods evaluation in landscape architecture research.

Effects of nuclear interaction corrections and trichrome fragment spectra modelling on dose and linear energy transfer distributions in carbon ion radiotherapy

Background and PurposeNuclear interaction correction (NIC) and trichrome fragment spectra modelling improve relative biological effectiveness-weighted dose (DRBE) and dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LETd) calculation for carbon ions. The effect of those novel approaches on the clinical dose and LET distributions was investigated. Materials and MethodsThe effect of the NIC and trichrome algorithm was assessed, creating single beam plans for a virtual water phantom with standard settings and NIC + trichrome corrections. Reference DRBE and LETd distributions were simulated using FLUKA version 2021.2.9. Thirty clinically applied scanned carbon ion treatment plans were recalculated applying NIC, trichrome and NIC + trichrome corrections, using the LEM low dose approximation and compared to clinical plans (base RS). Four treatment sites were analysed: six prostate adenocarcinoma, ten head and neck, nine locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma and five sacral chordoma. The FLUKA and clinical plans were compared in terms of DRBE deviations for D98%, D50%, D2% for the clinical target volume (CTV) and D50% in ring-like dose regions retrieved from isodose curves in base RS plans. Additionally, region-based median LETd deviations and global gamma parameters were evaluated. ResultsDose deviations comparing baseRS and evaluation plans were within ± 1% supported by γ-pass rates over 97% for all cases. No significant LETd deviations were reported in the CTV, but significant median LETd deviations were up to 80% for very low dose regions. ConclusionOur results showed improved accuracy of the predicted DRBE and LETd. Considering clinically relevant constraints, no significant modifications of clinical protocols are expected with the introduction of NIC + trichrome.

Nyakaza-Move-for-Health: A Culturally Tailored Physical Activity Intervention for Adolescents in South Africa Using the Intervention Mapping Protocol.

The Nyakaza-Move-for-Health intervention program was developed in response to the alarming rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally, in sub-Saharan Africa and South Africa. The rise in NCDs is attributed to the low levels of participation in physical activity (PA) among adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to design a culturally tailored PA intervention for adolescents, guided by the Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol. The intervention program aims to address the multifaceted determinants of physical activity behavior, promote healthy lifestyles and improve adolescent fitness levels. The Intervention Mapping protocol was applied to design the intervention program. The IM has 6 steps: (1) Needs assessment, (2) developing a logic model of the problem (LMP), (3) Formulating program outcomes and objectives, (4) Program design and production, (5) Generating implementation plan, and (6) Generating intervention evaluation plan. Participants included (n = 48) adolescent learners recruited from 8 (n = 8) participating schools. Adolescent learners participated in focus group discussions (FGD) to identify personal, interpersonal and environmental determinants of physical inactivity. Twenty-six (n = 26) key informant stakeholders participated in a stakeholder engagement workshop (SEW) to determine the motivators and constraints in implementing physical activity interventions. The Nyakaza intervention program's process development involved extensive stakeholder engagement, capacity development training, and integration of community feedback into the design. The intervention included a social marketing campaign and structured after-school physical activity sessions based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Transtheoretical Model (TTM). Implementation and evaluation plans were created, emphasizing real-time monitoring and adaptations. Strategies to enhance parental and community support were developed to address participation barriers. Although not tested in this study, these plans laid a robust foundation for fostering sustainable behavior change and improving physical activity among adolescents in resource-constrained settings. The Nyakaza-Move-for-Health intervention demonstrates a promising framework for promoting adolescent physical activity and addressing Non-Communicable Diseases in a culturally relevant manner. The systematic approach, grounded in the intervention mapping protocol, ensured a robust and replicable intervention design. Future research should focus on long-term follow-up, integrating objective physical activity measures, and expanding the program to include nutrition education. Addressing identified barriers, such as parental involvement, is crucial for enhancing the intervention's effectiveness and sustainability.

INFLUENCE OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION PLANNING ON PERFORMANCE OF AGRIBUSINESS PROJECTS IN KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA

A lot of funds are spent on the public services by the government, amounting to between 15-45 percent of gross domestic product which has an immense effect on the agribusiness projects. One of the most pressing issues confronting policymakers and those with an interest in the sector is the declining performance of the agribusiness projects in regard to their growth. This study established the relationship between monitoring and evaluation planning and performance of agribusiness projects in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study was underpinned on the resource-based view theory. Descriptive and explanatory research design were adopted. Twenty-eight agribusiness projects in Kiambu County were targeted. Sample size was 82 respondents comprising of the agribusiness projects. Questionnaires were used to obtain primary data whereas data collection sheet was used to collect secondary data. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis was conducted. Results showed that respondents agreed to a great extent that monitoring and evaluation planning influenced performance of agribusiness projects in Kiambu County, Kenya. Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive linear relationship between performance of agribusiness projects and M &amp; E planning. Additionally, regression analysis showed that monitoring and evaluation planning influenced project performance positively and significantly. The study concludes that M &amp; E planning helps in setting project goals and objectives thus improving project performance and recommends that communication and reporting are essential components of project monitoring and evaluation as they help to facilitate information sharing, improve collaboration and supporting decision making.

The Impact of Cl4STEM Online Community of Practice on Science and Mathematics Teachers’ Knowledge and Professional Development in Nigeria

Connected Learning for STEM (CL4STEM) is an innovative teacher capacity-building project piloted in Nigeria. It aimed at science, technology, engineering, and mathematics teachers’ capacity building to foster higher-order thinking with inclusion and equity (HOTIE) in their classroom practices. It adopted a model of mobile-based communities of practice (CoP) as one of the strategies for CL4STEM teacher professional development. Hence, this study investigated the impact of the CL4STEM project online CoP on science and mathematics teachers’ subject matter knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and professional practice for achieving HOTIE in their classrooms. The study adopted a survey research design involving documentary content analysis and a one-group pre-test-posttest design to collect qualitative and quantitative data to achieve the objectives of the research. The population of the study was all science; biology, chemistry, and physics teachers in senior secondary schools in selected states in Northern Nigeria. Purposive sampling was used to select one newly qualified biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics teacher per subject area from twenty sample schools in the population, thus a target sample size of 80 science and mathematics teachers, 20 each per subject. Content analysis of the module reports and evaluation of lesson plans were used to obtain qualitative data on the science and mathematics teachers’ CoP practices and professional learning. The Pre-test and post-test on the teachers’ subject matter knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge were the instruments for quantitative data collection. The instruments were validated by the project consultant and science and mathematics education experts. Four research objectives and four corresponding research questions guided the study. Descriptive statistics, descriptive content analysis, and descriptive narrative were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that online CoP has remarkably impacted teachers’ subject matter and pedagogical content knowledge and professional development.

Resources Allocation as an Institutional Determinant of Strategic Plan Implementation in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya.

The study sought to examine the influence of school resource allocation on Strategic plan implementation. The study used a descriptive survey research design. The study targeted 351 public secondary schools, 351 public school principals, 1,404 class teachers and 1,755 academic Heads of Departments from which the sample of 105 principals, 176 academic Heads of Departments and 140 class teachers were derived. The respondents were sampled using stratified sampling technique. A questionnaire and an interview guide were the data collection instruments. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Data was presented by used of frequency distribution tables and pie charts. Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the inferential data. The set level of hypothesis testing was at 0.05 level of significance. This may be significant to the school Board of Management policy makers in terms of know-how skills formulation, implementation and evaluation of strategic plan. This study found that resource allocation does not influence strategic plan implementation. Based on these findings, the study recommends that; the Government need to provide enough funds at the right time to finance the implementation of the schools’ strategic plan and to ensure schools have enough physical resources, enough human resources, and adequate learning resources. The researcher conducted Hypothesis testing using a multiple regression model at the 5 percent level of significance. The results of hypothesis testing gave a negative coefficient of -0.0168 on resource allocation was realized with a p-value of 0.714 which was not statistically significant at the 0.05 level. . Hence we fail to reject the hypothesis that, resource allocation has no effect on strategic plan implementation. This indicates that, resource allocation does not have a statistically significant effect on strategic plan implementation in public secondary schools in Machakos County.

Economic Performance of Nasser Gholi Ardalan (Representative of Sanandaj in the Fourteenth to Sixteenth Terms of the National Consultative Assembly)

Nasser Gholi Ardalan was one of the representatives of Sanandaj in the National Consultative Assembly during its fourteenth to sixteenth terms. His economic performance in the Assembly experienced ups and downs. Some of his economic actions were marked by moderate policies and leniency, while in other instances, his economic and financial actions left diverse impacts on the Assembly, leading to various transformations. The issue addressed in this study is the examination and evaluation of Nasser Gholi Ardalan's economic plans and programs, which has been conducted descriptively and analytically based on the minutes of the National Consultative Assembly, archival sources, and historical data. According to the findings of this study, Nasser Gholi Ardalan was one of the most active representatives in economic discussions, both at the national and regional levels, during the fourteenth to the end of the sixteenth terms of the National Consultative Assembly. His involvement spanned areas such as the annual and current government budgets, currency issuance, taxation, and more. He was attentive to economic issues and the people's problems and did not hesitate to criticize and caution the government when necessary.

A review of research on the implementation evaluation of protection plans for historical and cultural cities

A review of research on the implementation evaluation of protection plans for historical and cultural cities

Evaluation of India action plan for prevention of pneumonia and diarrhoea - a diarrhoea management program in Bihar, India

Evaluation of India action plan for prevention of pneumonia and diarrhoea - a diarrhoea management program in Bihar, India

Evaluation of intracranial stereotactic treatment plans: a comparison study of CyberKnife and TrueBeam systems

Abstract Background: Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for patients with intracranial tumours are delivered using a dedicated platform or a conventional linear accelerator with a flattening filter-free beam. Materials and methods: This study compares treatment plans with intracranial tumours. A total of 29 patients were treated on CyberKnife and planned using the Accuray Precision. The same structure sets ws then exported to Varian Eclipse, and plans were made using a 6 MV FFF beam. Both plans were compared for parameters of target coverage, homogeneity index (HI), new conformity index (nCI), gradient index, selectivity index (SI), volumetric and OAR doses. Results: The treatment plans made for CyberKnife exhibit better results in terms of nCI (1·168 ± 0·08 versus 1·173 ± 0·077), SI (0·885 ± 0·05 versus 0·877 ± 0·05) and GI (3·64 ± 0·5 versus 4·45 ± 1·25), while HI values are better for TrueBeam. For OAR doses, in 65·5% and 72% of treatment plans, brainstem and optic pathways received lower doses on CyberKnife, respectively. In terms of dose spillage, Truebeam plans are better for very low doses (V5%), while for V10%, V20% and V50% CyberKnife plans are better. Conclusion: CyberKnife is a better modality for the delivery of SRS/SRT to intracranial tumours except for dose homogeneity where TrueBeam offered better results.

The Role of Chest Radiology in Traumatic Injuries: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Chest trauma is a critical medical condition that encompasses a range of injuries and can result from various causes. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is crucial in managing chest trauma patients and radiology plays a pivotal role in this aspect. Imaging modalities in chest trauma aid in precise diagnosis and treatment planning. Especially, X-rays remain the initial imaging modality of choice due to their accessibility, speed, and ability to detect acute life-threatening conditions. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan offers detailed cross- sectional images allowing for comprehensive evaluation of chest trauma and surgical planning when necessary. Ultrasound (US) is increasingly valuable tool due to its portability and real-time imaging capabilities, aiding in rapid assessment at the bedside. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is less commonly used due to time constraints and limited availability. Radiological imaging serves various purposes in the diagnosis and management of chest trauma such as early detection and triage, characterization and severity assessment, surgical planning, follow-up and monitoring of chest trauma. Reduction of radiation exposure, advancements in imaging technology (dual-energy CT, contrastenhanced imaging) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms are crucial challenges and deserve attention. A multidisciplinary approach integrating radiological expertise remains fundamental in ensuring optimal outcomes for patients with chest trauma.

Value Stacking of a Customer-Sited BESS for Distribution Grid Support: A Utility Case

This paper proposes a value stacking strategy for a utility-owned, customer-sited battery energy storage system for distribution grid support. The proposed strategy includes three steps: application identification, performance evaluation, and battery system planning. Outage mitigation, non-wires-alternative solution, and voltage support are identified as the primary, secondary, and tertiary applications for the proposed storage system. Reliability performance and economic benefit are calculated and compared for each application in five locations in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Planning results including placement, sizing and scheduling of the battery system are presented with real utility experience and constraints. This work contributes to providing a general and ready-to-use planning methodology for distribution system planners to deploy battery storage systems within service territories, strengthen system reliability performance, and achieve sustainability goals.

VisioRenalNet: Spatial Vision Transformer UNet for enhanced T2-Weighted Kidney MRI Segmentation

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) afflicts approximately 20% of the global population, underscoring the pressing need for precise detection and diagnosis. Accurate kidney segmentation in medical imaging is pivotal for capturing intricate details, facilitating effective evaluation and treatment planning. This work consists implementation of U-Net Variants along with enhanced variant for kidney segmentation in Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI). We systematically assess the performance of various U-Net variants, including U-Net, VGGUNet, DenseUNet, ResUNet, U-Net++, and AttentionUNet, utilizing a publicly available dataset of T2-weighted abdomen MRI scans from 100 subjects. Subsequently, we propose an enhanced U-Net framework that seamlessly integrates transformer blocks, spatial Attention Mechanism, and swish activation to enhance performance and robustness. Enhanced UNet provides improved feature learning, enhanced contextual information, selective focus and improved performance metrices for Kidney Segmentation. This significant advancement in medical image segmentation can contribute to enhanced diagnosis, more effective treatment planning, and improved disease management for individuals suffering from kidney diseases. Notably, our enhanced U-Net variant, after 50 epochs, achieved an average Dice coefficient of 89.1%, a Jaccard score of 80.4%, and an impressive accuracy of 96.2%, surpassing all baseline U-Net variants in all evaluation metrics, thereby affirming its superiority in kidney segmentation.