Data Collection Plan Research Articles

Establishment of dose monitoring system for dentistry

Along with the advancement of dental x-ray equipment, the use of diagnostic radiation has been rapidly increasing. Accordingly, concerns about radiation exposure are increasing. In particular, imaging examinations inthe dental field have a low individual radiation exposure. However, the frequency of the examinations is high.Also, due to the abundant usage of dental CBCT, concerns has been widely spread across the users and the nation. In response to this, there has been a need to establish a dose monitoring system for dental x-ray equipment.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish of a national dose monitoring system for imaging examinations in the dentistry. For the system establishment, the structure of intraoral, panoramic radiography and CBCT system was surveyed and the integrated data collection plan was prepared. Based on this, dose monitoring system, which can be utilized for nation-wide, was established and a pilot operation was conducted. In orderto continuously expand the system in the future, system supplements should be confirmed through gatheringexpert opinions.

Sensitivity analysis of the FullCAM model: Context dependency and implications for model development to predict Australia's forest carbon stocks

In Australia, the Full Carbon Accounting Model (FullCAM) is used by the Australian Government for international reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and to predict carbon stock changes for carbon abatement projects. Consequently, over the last 20 years, it has been routinely applied at continental, regional and local scales, and has been subject to on-going development to improve its accuracy and representativeness. Given its importance, a sensitivity analysis could facilitate our understanding of model behaviour and aid the planning of future work and data collection. In particular, the sensitivity of a given model parameter is often context dependent such that it depends on the level of other parameters or variables.Key FullCAM parameters have generally been calibrated using data from empirical studies, with differing levels of confidence based on the sample size and data quality. The objective of this study was to apply a sensitivity analysis to examine (i) the sensitivity of FullCAM carbon stock outputs to its parameters and inputs, and how the sensitivity indices compare with the sample sizes used to calculate the respective parameters, (ii) the context dependency in terms of how the sensitivity varies with age, potential maximum biomass (a key FullCAM parameter), and disturbance severity or type, and (iii) to identify the implications for further development of FullCAM for woody vegetation systems.Of the 67 parameters tested, FullCAM carbon stock outputs were most sensitive to background mortality rates, age, potential maximum biomass, climate variability, age of maximum growth, decomposition or turnover parameters, and stand structure (regenerating or mature). The context dependency of the sensitivity analysis followed a consistent pattern depending on two main conditions, such that the sensitivity was higher when (i) the carbon stock was large and (ii) the parameter had a strong influence on that carbon stock. Several strong context dependencies occurred because the size of carbon stocks often vary through space and time within an ecosystem, and different processes (i.e. parameters) are more important at different times and locations. There was a strong context dependency in relation to age and potential maximum biomass, and FullCAM simulations indicated an interaction between fire disturbances and vegetation types. Lastly, background mortality was one of the least available inputs, but one to which FullCAM outputs were very sensitive. FullCAM was applied to show that the long-term contributions of low rates of background mortality to standing dead and debris C stocks were often as large as those from frequent (every 30 years) and intense harvesting and fire events because of the regular (annual) contribution of mortality and its accumulating influence of C stocks.

Deliberation, mood response, and the confirmation bias in the religious belief domain

A novel task was developed to examine the confirmation bias in religious beliefs, which compares to a classic political confirmation bias task. In Study 1, a balanced number of Christian versus non-religious (liberals and conservative) participants were recruited (n = 402). The data showed strong confirmation bias evidence in both the religious and political beliefs domains, and this bias appears to be enhanced by deliberation. In Study 2, a distinct set of n = 402 Christians and non-religious participants were administered the same religious beliefs task with added mood elicitation. The hypothesis tested was whether dissonant arguments promote negative mood, and whether this negative mood moderates the confirmation bias. The data from Study 2 supported these hypotheses. Data collection, hypotheses, and analysis plans for both studies were preregistered on the Open Science Framework. This paper documents the confirmation bias in the domain of religious beliefs, and results suggest the biological foundation of the confirmation bias includes both deliberative and emotional input, which may imply that comprehensive neural inputs from multiple brain regions promote this behavioral bias. This has implications not only regarding religious beliefs, but it also furthers our understanding of the brain-to-behavior pathway of the confirmation bias.

Conceptual framework for preterm birth review in San Francisco.

Preterm birth persists as a leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity despite decades of intervention effort. Intervention null effects may reflect failure to account for social determinants of health (SDH) or jointly acting risk factors. In some communities, persistent preterm birth trends and disparities have been consistently associated with SDH such as race/ethnicity, zip code, and housing conditions. Health authorities recommend conceptual frameworks for targeted action on SDH and precision public health approaches for preterm birth prevention. We document San Francisco, California's experience identifying the need, rationale, methods, and pilot work for developing a conceptual framework for preterm birth review (PTBR) in San Francisco. The PTBR conceptual framework is intended to enable essential public health services in San Francisco that prevent a range of preterm birth phenotypes by guiding plans for data collection, hypothesis testing, analytical methods, reports, and intervention strategy. Key elements of the PTBR conceptual framework are described including, 10 domains of SDH, 9 domains at the whole person level, such as lived experience and health behaviors, 8 domains at the within-person level, such as biomarkers and clinical measures, 18 preterm birth phenotypes, and the interconnections between domains. Assumptions for the PTBR conceptual framework were supported by a scoping review of literature on SDH effects on preterm birth, health authority consensus reports, and PTBR pilot data. Researcher and health authority interest in each of the domains warrants the framework to prompt systematic consideration of variables in each proposed domain. PTBR pilot data, illustrated in heatmaps, confirm the feasibility of data collection based on the framework, prevalence of co-occurring risk factors, potential for joint effects on specific preterm birth phenotypes, and opportunity for intervention to block SDH effects on preterm birth. The proposed PTBR conceptual framework has practical implications for specifying (1) population groups at risk, (2) grids or heatmap visualization of risk factors, (3) multi-level analyses, and (4) multi-component intervention design in terms of patterns of co-occurring risk factors. Lessons learned about PTBR data collection logistics, variable choice, and data management will be incorporated into future work to build PTBR infrastructure based on the PTBR conceptual framework.

Implementation of Depression Protocol in Rural Nebraska Pediatric Clinic

Problem: The prevalence of depression among adolescents in the U. S. is 20%. Homicide, substance abuse, suicide, selfinjury, and low academic performance are linked to adolescent depression. There are not enough mental health providers or access to treat these adolescents, Background: It is often difficult for adolescents to understand their own feelings and navigate social pressures. The COVID-19 pandemic only exacerbated that. Most adolescents (90%) see a primary care provider annually for physicals, immunizations, or illness. However, mental health screenings are often not initiated, and depression is not addressed. Through this avenue, we propose that depression treatment be initiated in the primary care setting. Methods: We proposed a project to initiate screening and treatment using the Glad-PC guidelines by primary care. Our first steps were to 1) discuss the need for this measure with facility providers 2) plan for data collection 3) obtain IRB approval 4) implementation. Findings: We were met with great reception from providers, who both recognized the problem of adolescents with untreated depression and were willing to help find a solution. The percentage of clients referred from pre-intervention was 34%, while the percentage referred post intervention was 53%. There was a dramatic decrease in the number of PHQ-9s completed in the post intervention phase, yet the number of patients screening positive for depression doubled from pre-intervention to post-intervention. Conclusion: The dramatic increase in those screening positive for depression highlights the importance of this project and the need for providers to use the Glad-PC guidelines in primary care to recognize, begin treatment and refer the affected adolescents.

Economic planning at agricultural enterprises: Ukrainian experience of increasing the availability of data in the context of food security

Purpose. The purpose of the research is a comparative assessment of the state of data availability for planning the economic activity of agricultural enterprises, as well as the development of a model for increasing data availability based on the established correlation between socio-economic factors of internal and external influence of agricultural enterprises and readiness to disclose information when receiving consulting services.
 Methodology / approach. The study is based on the results of a survey of agricultural enterprises’ (farms’) managers, collected based on a random sampling, the volume of which satisfies the requirements of representativeness. The results of the research made it possible to conduct a correlation analysis of the dependence model for increasing data availability based on the established correlation between socio-economic factors of internal and external influence of agricultural enterprises and readiness to disclose information when receiving consulting services. The obtained results of the analysis made it possible to confirm the research hypotheses and obtain answers to several research questions.
 Results. The study reveals several dependencies and trends in the formation of openness and availability of data at agricultural enterprises (farms) for the implementation of economic activity planning by third-party consultants/experts. A strong direct connection was established between the unwillingness of enterprises to share management accounting data with third-party experts precisely because of the lack of practice of collecting such data, and not because of privacy concerns or negative past experiences. It was established that at enterprises characterized by a low level of openness to the dissemination of management accounting data, planning work is conducted directly by managers without qualified support of experts or planning is not conducted at all. The results suggest a number of solutions to ensure better access to the data needed for effective planning.
 Originality / scientific novelty. The study concerns the problems of data availability at agricultural enterprises (farms) for the implementation of planning of economic activities by external consultants/experts and uses the method of correlation analysis to establish relationships between variables of the model. The data collection paradigm of agricultural enterprises for planning their activities has been developed. For the first time, the relationship between a number of socio-economic factors and the openness of agricultural enterprises and farms to management consulting was established.
 Practical value / implications. The study formulates a number of proposals for improving the data availability at agricultural enterprises (farms) for the implementation of economic activity planning by third-party consultants/experts, which can be used by regional and state development agencies; state and private scientific institutions; governmental and non-governmental organizations; product manufacturers; legislators, etc., when developing support programs for agricultural producers to motivate them to use more effective planning tools, as well as when determining areas of activity for the regional advisory centers, taking into account the priority tasks in the sphere of planning data collection and analysis at agricultural enterprises and farms. Further studies of the data availability for planning the economic activity of agricultural enterprises are possible on the basis of the current study.

TEKNIS OPERASIONAL PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI DESA NAGRAK DAN DESA CIANGSANA MENUJU TPST 3R

Nagrak and Ciangsana Village located in Gunung Putri Sub-district, Bogor Regency, West Java. The area of Nagrak Village is 5.84 km2 and the area of Ciangsana Village is 8.62 km2. The level of waste service in both villages is 12%, the planned service level target at the end of the planning year 2032 is 100%. This planning data collection uses the SNI 19-3964-1994 method regarding data collection methods in operational technical planning for waste management. Sampling using the stratified random sampling method, the waste generation rate in Nagrak Village and Ciangsana Village is 2 liters/person/day with a total population of 51488 people from the two villages, the waste generation from domestic areas has 54% organic waste and anorganic waste has 46%. The waste generation from Non-domestic areas has 60% organic waste and anorganic waste has 40%. Organic waste is processed with Black Soldier Fly (BSF), anorganic waste is processed with the Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) method at TPST 3R Trisakti. The planning stage consists of short term (2022-2024) medium term (2025-2028) and long term (2029-2032). The cost budget plan includes investment, operational and maintenance costs with a total cost of Rp.59,424,025,515. The selected alternative is alternative I, which has a more economical and affordable cost budget for Nagrak Village and Ciangsana Village.

Monitoring drugs and prison in Europe: key issues and challenges in collecting information and evidence on drug related problems and interventions in prison

Abstract The EMCDDA published a methodological framework to monitor drugs and prison in Europe, with the objective to set up methods and tools for collecting and analysing harmonised data across Europe on the issue of drugs and prison. Two data collection tools are available: a “European Questionnaire on Drug use among people in Prison (EQDP)” aimed at collecting epidemiological data on drug use and drug related problems on people incarcerated during a given time period and; a “European Facility Survey Questionnaire in Prison (EFSQ-P)” aimed at collecting data on availability, coverage and provision of drug related interventions inside prison. The two monitoring tools include a short and long version and are accompanied by methodological guidelines. The toolkit should be used across countries to improve international comparisons and European harmonisation as well as to provide data to national governments or international organisations (e.g. EMCDDA, WHO, UN and others). Based on challenges identified among responding countries a check list of key issues in collecting data on drugs and health information in prison settings was drafted. This check list aims to provide a practical guide for those who want to start gathering data on drugs and health in prison; it has been drafted and agreed by a group of European experts who have implemented drugs monitoring in prison using the EMCDDA tools. The check list aims to discuss possible options and present best practices in drugs monitoring in prison in the different phases of research/data collection. The check list includes examples and recommendation on how to address the following issues: accessing prison, planning data collection, sampling procedures according to type of data to be collected, mode of administration/data gathering, data analysis and dissemination; ethical issues, involvement of people living in prison and staff in all phases of data gathering.

Conditions for professional support of school health promotion implementation in the Netherlands

Abstract Background The Dutch Healthy School Program (‘Programma Gezonde School’; HSP) is a whole school approach including education, stimulating physical and social environment, health services, and school health policies. Implementation support is offered by Healthy School Advisers employed at 25 regional Public Health Services (PHSs). To strengthen this professional support, this study aimed to map conditions for the degree of support offered by PHSs and received by schools. Methods The data collection plan was developed together with a Community of Practice. In 2021 and 2022, two rounds of semi-structured group interviews were conducted in 8 PHSs (N = 1-4 employees and ±3.5 hours in total per PHS). Interviews focused on the degree of support (intensity, quality, context-focus, position in PHS and region) and 24 contextual factors regarding: 1) Healthy School Advisers, 2) PHS organization, 3) collaboration with partners, and 4) broader context. Additional data were collected from public websites, year reports, and the Dutch registry of implementing HSP. Data were analyzed thematically in Nvivo. Preliminary results There is large variation in all aspects of support between PHSs. Main conditions for this variation are related to the PHS organization: its policy, internal support, capacity, and (long-term) allocated budget. Other key conditions are related to collaboration with partners: coordination, division of responsibilities, and communication structure. Prerequisites for all PHSs were cohesive adviser teams, the HSP, and national school health promotion focus. Conclusions In order to strengthen professional support for whole school health promotion implementation, it is essential to: 1) establish strong positioning and (long-term) resources in the organization, 2) establish clear coordination between Healthy School Advisers and partners supporting schools, 3) maintain cohesion among adviser teams, and 4) maintain and intensify national (school) health promotion policy. Key messages • Degree of professional support for whole school health promotion varies substantially. • Positioning in the organization and clear coordination among professionals are key in strengthening support.

Multi-UAV Data Collection and Path Planning Method for Large-Scale Terminal Access.

In the context of the relentless evolution of network and communication technologies, the need for enhanced communication content and quality continues to escalate. Addressing the demands of data collection from the abundance of terminals within Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios, this paper presents an advanced approach to multi-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) data collection and path planning tailored for extensive terminal accessibility. This paper focuses on optimizing the complex interplay between task completion time and task volume equilibrium. To this end, a novel strategy is devised that integrates sensor area partitioning and flight trajectory planning for multiple UAVs, forming an optimization framework geared towards minimizing task completion duration. The core idea of this work involves designing an innovative k-means algorithm capable of balancing data quantities within each cluster, thereby achieving balanced sensor node partitioning based on data volume. Then, the UAV flight trajectory paths are discretely modeled, and a grouped, improved genetic algorithm is used to solve the Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (MTSP). The algorithm introduces a 2-opt optimization operator to improve the computational efficiency of the genetic algorithm. Empirical validation through comprehensive simulations clearly underscores the efficacy of the proposed approach. In particular, the method demonstrates a remarkable capacity to rectify the historical issue of diverse task volumes among multiple UAVs, all the while significantly reducing task completion times. Moreover, its convergence rate substantially outperforms that of the conventional genetic algorithm, attesting to its computational efficiency. This paper contributes an innovative and efficient paradigm to improve the problem of data collection from IoT terminals through the use of multiple UAVs. As a result, it not only augments the efficiency and balance of task distribution but also showcases the potential of tailored algorithm solutions for realizing optimal outcomes in complex engineering scenarios.

The national health service England diabetes prevention program—A narrative review

Abstract The National Health Service (NHS) Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is a comprehensive initiative in the United Kingdom aimed at preventing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among individuals with prediabetes. The NHS DPP emphasizes early intervention and underscores the potential for preventing or delaying T2DM. Currently, it operates since 2015 at 44 geographically defined sites, serving an estimated annual volume of 200,000 patients. This narrative review evaluates the NHS DPP. A literature search, adhering to the Participants, Concept, and Context review framework, was conducted in various databases and sources, limited to the period from 2015 to 2023. Data were categorized based on publication date, study type, program indicators, and focus areas, forming the framework for the review discussion. The review search yielded a total of 18,357 articles, of which 45 were included, with a predominant focus on program effectiveness. The NHS DPP demonstrates strengths in risk reduction and cost-effectiveness but faces challenges related to fidelity and the needs of diverse populations. The review highlights the importance of evidence-based service delivery, stakeholder engagement, and digital innovation in future DPP programs. While a centralized approach provides structure, local flexibility is essential to cater to population-specific needs. This review underscores the importance of strategic planning, political support, partnerships, and robust data collection in DPP implementation. It recommends targeting high-risk individuals, intensive lifestyle interventions, and embracing digital solutions for program delivery. Ongoing research, including analysis of long-term data and user perspectives, will further enhance the evidence base for DPP programs worldwide.

Understanding Whether and How a Digital Health Intervention Improves Transition Care for Emerging Adults Living With Type 1 Diabetes: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Realist Evaluation.

Emerging adults living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face a series of challenges with self-management and decreased health system engagement, leading to an increased risk of acute complications and hospital admissions. Effective and scalable strategies are needed to support this population to transfer seamlessly from pediatric to adult care with sufficient self-management capability. While digital health interventions for T1D self-management are a promising strategy, it remains unclear which elements work, how, and for which groups of individuals. This study aims to evaluate the design and implementation of a multicomponent SMS text message-based digital health intervention to support emerging adults living with T1D in real-world settings. The objectives are to identify the intervention components and associated mechanisms that support user engagement and T1D health care transition experiences and determine the individual characteristics that influence the implementation process. We used a realist evaluation embedded alongside a randomized controlled trial, which uses a sequential mixed methods design to analyze data from multiple sources, including intervention usage data, patient-reported outcomes, and realist interviews. In step 1, we conducted a document analysis to develop a program theory that outlines the hypothesized relationships among "individual-level contextual factors, intervention components and features, mechanisms, and outcomes," with special attention paid to user engagement. Among them, intervention components and features depict 10 core characteristics such as transition support information, problem-solving information, and real-time interactivity. The proximal outcomes of interest include user engagement, self-efficacy, and negative emotions, whereas the distal outcomes of interest include transition readiness, self-blood glucose monitoring behaviors, and blood glucose. In step 2, we plan to conduct semistructured realist interviews with the randomized controlled trial's intervention-arm participants to test the hypothesized "context-intervention-mechanism-outcome" configurations. In step 3, we plan to triangulate all sources of data using a coincidence analysis to identify the necessary combinations of factors that determine whether and how the desired outcomes are achieved and use these insights to consolidate the program theory. For step 1 analysis, we have developed the initial program theory and the corresponding data collection plan. For step 2 analysis, participant enrollment for the randomized controlled trial started in January 2023. Participant enrollment for this realist evaluation was anticipated to start in July 2023 and continue until we reached thematic saturation or achieved informational power. Beyond contributing to knowledge on the multiple pathways that lead to successful engagement with a digital health intervention as well as target outcomes in T1D care transitions, embedding the realist evaluation alongside the trial may inform real-time intervention refinement to improve user engagement and transition experiences. The knowledge gained from this study may inform the design, implementation, and evaluation of future digital health interventions that aim to improve transition experiences. PRR1-10.2196/46115.

Decreasing the incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infection in a medical intensive care unit: a best practice implementation project.

Bloodstream infections are common in critically ill patients using central venous access devices (CVAD) in intensive care units (ICU). This project aimed to decrease the incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) by using evidence-based strategies. The project applied the JBI audit and feedback methods. Thirty-two nurses and five resident physicians from the medical ICU of a medical center participated in the project. Preintervention compliance was measured for the 11 key evidence-based criteria (six audit criteria of central venous catheter insertion and five audit criteria of dressing and catheter securement). Strategies were implemented to overcome the barriers identified in the baseline assessment. Impact evaluation and sustainability were conducted to change the CLABSI rate and the competence of healthcare professionals in providing CVAD care. The JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit tools were used for the data collection, analysis, and implementation planning. Barriers included insufficient knowledge among nurses and physicians, poor compliance with the standard CVAD insertion procedure by physicians, inadequate cooperation among the CVAD care team members, and lack of CVAD-related equipment. The strategies included education and training in CVAD care, the establishment of a team resource management program, and the provision of appropriate equipment. Following project implementation, the CLABSI rate decreased from 8.38 to 3.9 BSIs/1000 CVAD-days. The project successfully decreased the CLABSI rate and increased the competence of healthcare professionals. Implementation of best practices in clinical care should focus on leadership, team resource management, education, monitoring, and innovation.

Echocardiographic image collection and evaluation in infants with CHD: lessons learned from the imaging core lab for the Residual Lesion Score study.

Many factors affect patient outcome after congenital heart surgery, including the complexity of the heart disease, pre-operative status, patient specific factors (prematurity, nutritional status and/or presence of comorbid conditions or genetic syndromes), and post-operative residual lesions. The Residual Lesion Score is a novel tool for assessing whether specific residual cardiac lesions after surgery have a measurable impact on outcome. The goal is to understand which residual lesions can be tolerated and which should be addressed prior to leaving the operating room. The Residual Lesion Score study is a large multicentre prospective study designed to evaluate the association of Residual Lesion Score to outcomes in infants undergoing surgery for CHD. This Pediatric Heart Network and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-funded study prospectively enrolled 1,149 infants undergoing 5 different congenital cardiac surgical repairs at 17 surgical centres. Given the contribution of echocardiographic measurements in assigning the Residual Lesion Score, the Residual Lesion Score study made use of a centralised core lab in addition to site review of all data. The data collection plan was designed with the added goal of collecting image quality information in a way that would permit us to improve our understanding of the reproducibility, variability, and feasibility of the echocardiographic measurements being made. There were significant challenges along the way, including the coordination, de-identification, storage, and interpretation of very large quantities of imaging data. This necessitated the development of new infrastructure and technology, as well as use of novel statistical methods. The study was successfully completed, but the size and complexity of the population being studied and the data being extracted required more technologic and human resources than expected which impacted the length and cost of conducting the study. This paper outlines the process of designing and executing this complex protocol, some of the barriers to implementation and lessons to be considered in the design of future studies.

What Gets Measured Gets Done: Challenges in Monitoring Water, Energy, and Food Security in Northern Canada

This paper describes the challenges that were encountered during the collection of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators for water (SDG 6), energy (SDG 7), and food (SDG 2) security in northern Canada. Our findings indicate only 49% of indicator data were publicly available, while 21% had to be calculated using alternative sources or methods, 18% had to be replaced with proxy indicators for which data were available, and 12% of indicators were deemed unavailable entirely. The most common types of data challenges were associated with completeness, timeliness, and granularity. Given the current challenges faced by residents of northern Canada, with their livelihoods closely intertwined with the accessibility and availability of water, energy and food (WEF) resources, a comprehensive plan for data collection, storage, and management of WEF-related SDGs is required to advance WEF security from an aspirational to a transformative policy agenda.

Italian Validation of the Social Media Engagement Questionnaire (SME-Q): A Preregistered Study

The use of social media has frequently been misunderstood. Scholars worldwide have attempted to investigate patterns in social media use, with several attempts to frame it as a problematic behavior linked to negative consequences. However, among the different attempts, SME-Q has focused on the use per se during critical moments of the day, i.e., around bedtime and during meals. While the use of social media is a behavior adopted by a huge percentage of the population, several differences among countries can be detected that may lead to a different scale dimensionality. As such, in this paper, we translate and validate the Italian version of the SME-Q in order to provide a tool to explore social media use among the Italian population. The study involved 520 people through the compilation of an online survey aimed at investigating psychological and behavioral variables related to social media use which also included three attention checks to control for response biases due to inattention. The study outline, data collection, and analysis plans were preregistered and deposited on the project’s website on the Open Science Framework. The results indicated a novel two-factor structure of the four-item scale with adequate values, revolving around a sleep time factor and a meal factor. The hypothesized relationships with the external validation variables have been confirmed. The successfully validated Italian SME-Q thus allows the exploration of social media engagement with the Italian-speaking population.

Literature Review on Impact of Goods and Services Tax on Consumer Buying Behavior of Fast Moving Consumer Goods in Dakshina Kannada District- An Analytical Study

This literature review aims to explore the impact of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on consumer buying behavior specifically related to Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) in Dakshina Kannada district. The study analyzes and synthesizes existing research articles, studies, and reports to understand the changes in consumer buying behavior following the implementation of GST in the region. The current research is based on a positivism research paradigm and a deductive research approach is to be used in order to examine the facts and figures. The descriptive research design will be used because it helps in furnishing a detailed data collection procedure and plan. The study examining the effects of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) on consumer buying behavior regarding Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) in Dakshina Kannada District offers valuable insights that can be of practical significance to multiple stakeholders and enhance the growth and effectiveness of the FMCG industry. The study examining the effects of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) on consumer buying behavior regarding Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) in Dakshina Kannada District offers valuable insights that can be of practical significance to multiple stakeholders and enhance the growth and effectiveness of the FMCG industry. This study is unique because it focuses on the analytical study on the impact of Goods and Service Tax on consumer buying behavior on of FMCG in Dakshina Kannada District.

Resource papers as registered reports: a proposal

This is a proposal for publishing resource papers as registered reports in the Northern European Journal of Language Technology. The idea is that authors write a data collection plan with a full data statement, to the extent that it can be written before data collection starts. Once the proposal is approved, publication of the final resource paper is guaranteed, as long as the data collection plan is followed (modulo reasonable changes due to unforeseen circumstances). This proposal changes the reviewing process from an antagonistic to a collaborative enterprise, and hopefully encourages NLP resources to develop and publish more high-quality datasets. The key advantage of this proposal is that it helps to promote responsible resource development (through constructive peer review) and to avoid research waste.

SER-CAT data collection plans on other beamlines during APS dark period

SER-CAT data collection plans on other beamlines during APS dark period

EĞİTİMDE ÖLÇME VE DEĞERLENDİRME DERSİNE YÖNELİK BİR META-DEĞERLENDİRME ÇALIŞMASI

In this study, it was aimed to make a meta-evaluation of the study titled Evaluation of Measurement and Evaluation in Education Curriculum. For this purpose, it was revealed to what extent the study meets the Program Evaluation Standards determined by the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation (JCSEE). Methodologically, meta-evaluation procedures were adopted in the research, and the Evaluation Accountability Standards determined by JCSEE were considered in the transactions carried out in this context. The Program Evaluation Standards Checklist developed by the researchers was used to control whether the meta-evaluated research met the required standards. For this purpose, controls were made by an internal and an external evaluator to reveal whether the study has the qualities of accurate planning, valid and reliable data collection, performing the necessary analyzes, and reporting which should be in an effective program evaluation research. According to the data obtained from internal and external evaluators, the meta-evaluated study largely (88.33%) meets the Program Evaluation Standards. In addition, according to both evaluators, Utility Standards were met by 88.9%, Feasibility Standards by 75%, and Accuracy Standards by 100%, while Propriety Standards are met at a rate of 87.5% according to the external evaluator and 75% according to the internal evaluator. Moreover, the experts are of the opinion that sufficient information was not provided in the research, especially about the concepts of cultural values, interests, contexts, and conflicts of interest. Based on the research findings, suggestions were made to conduct program evaluation and meta-evaluation studies more effectively.