Planning Stage Research Articles

Energy-saving and carbon reduction analysis of series/parallel combination for heat pump and chiller in a hotel building

Taiwan is known for its hot and humid climate, where buildings rely on air conditioning systems to provide comfortable conditions. Specifically in commercial buildings such as hotels, apart from being required to provide comfortable indoor conditions, they need to provide hot water 24 h for guests, leading to the common application of chiller and heat pump systems in hotels. With the rise of the Taiwanese tourism industry, many hotels have been newly built or renovated. However, during the planning and construction stages, considerations may be limited by personnel experience, operational difficulties, installation costs, or the desire to simplify operations. This often results in the separate consideration of heat pump systems and chiller systems, leading to unnecessary resource and energy waste. Therefore, this study takes place at a hotel building in Taichung located in Central Taiwan. Designing a series/parallel system between the heat pump and chiller systems. Through a control system and a real-time recording system, controllable factors were analyzed, such as system equipment supply/return water temperature, outdoor relative and enthalpy, and occupancy rate change. Additionally, energy-saving potential was evaluated from the collected data through linear regression. The results show that when the outdoor air temperature, outdoor enthalpy, and occupancy rate are low, the parallel system is more energy-efficient due to the higher energy consumption of the chiller under low load conditions, which is suitable for winter. Conversely, the series system is more energy-efficient than under hot weather and high indoor load conditions, making it suitable for use in the summer.

After the battle: Emergent norms and the silencing of dissent in a Norwegian wind power community

In the small municipality of Åfjord on the Norwegian coast, home to one of Europe's largest onshore wind power installations, we observed a shift in critical attitudes towards a specific wind power development plan. Initially considered legitimate standpoints within an ongoing debate over land use, these viewpoints transformed into silenced opinions, or acquiescence, as the project progressed from the planning stage to fully operational wind power plants. A demand for consensus emerged within the local community. Through qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with concerned stakeholders and community members, we employ a social norm perspective to explore the catalysts behind that shift and discuss potential consequences of the transformation. The article transcends the conventional explanatory approach to opinions on wind power development and provides valuable insights to the field of research on social acceptance. Specifically, it demonstrates that key drivers of acceptance, such as economic spin-off effects, can evolve into codes dictating legitimate behaviour and opinions in host communities. This poses a potential threat to the free exchange of opinions and local democracy.

The Development of a Hydrological Method for Computing Extreme Hydrographs in Engineering Dam Projects

Engineering dam projects benefit society, including hydropower, water supply, agriculture, and flood control. During the planning stage, it is crucial to calculate extreme hydrographs associated with different return periods for spillways and diversion structures (such as tunnels, conduits, temporary diversions, multiple-stage diversions, and cofferdams). In many countries, spillways have return periods ranging from 1000 to 10,000 years, while diversion structures are designed with shorter return periods. This study introduces a hydrological method based on data from large rivers which can be used to compute extreme hydrographs for different return periods in engineering dam projects. The proposed model relies solely on frequency analysis data of peak flow, base flow, and water volume for various return periods, along with recorded maximum hydrographs, to compute design hydrographs associated with different return periods. The proposed method is applied to the El Quimbo Hydropower Plant in Colombia, which has a drainage area of 6832 km2. The results demonstrate that this method effectively captures peak flows and evaluates hydrograph volumes and base flows associated with different return periods, as a Root Mean Square Error of 11.9% of the maximum volume for various return periods was achieved during the validation stage of the proposed model. A comprehensive comparison with the rainfall–runoff method is also provided to evaluate the relative magnitudes of the various variables analysed, ensuring a thorough and reliable assessment of the proposed method.

Markerless tracking of tumor and tissues: A motion model approach.

Respiratory motion management is essential in order to achieve high-precision radiotherapy. Markerless motion tracking of tumor can provide a non-invasive way to manage respiratory motion, thereby enhancing treatment accuracy. However, the low contrast in real-time x-ray images for image guidance limits the application of markerless tracking. We present a novel approach based on a motion model to perform markerless tracking of tumor and surrounding tissues even when they have low contrast in real-time x-ray images. A proof-of-concept validation of the method has been performed using digital and physical phantoms at breathing conditions that are significantly different than the planning stage. A motion model is first constructed by performing principal component analysis (PCA) on the planning 4DCT. During treatment, the motion of a surrogate is tracked and used as the input of the motion model, which generates a 3D real-time volume estimation. Such 3D estimation is then projected to 2D to create digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs). The relationships between the real-time DRRs, reference DRRs, and reference x-ray images are first established to simulate 2D real-time images from the real-time volume. The registration between the simulated 2D real-time images and real-time x-ray images corrects the initial motion model estimation to ensure the estimated volume matches the real-time condition. In digital phantom, the Dice index of pancreas was improved from 0.74 to 0.78 after correction using real-time DRRs in fully inhaled phase. Validation on lung and pancreas is performed in physical phantom with two motion traces. The surrogate-tumor relationships were intentionally altered to generate large target localization errors due to the differences in body condition between treatment planning stage and during treatment. The real-time correction for the estimated 3D real-time volume was performed using a pair of 2D x-ray images. For the deep breathing motion trace, the tumor localization mean absolute error (MAE) throughout the tracking decreases from around 3mm to less than 1mm after correction. For the shallow breathing motion trace with a 1.7mm baseline shift, the tumor localization MAE throughout the tracking decreases from around 1.5mm to less than 1mm after correction. The method combines the detailed structural information from planning 4DCT and real-time information from real-time x-ray images through a motion model. The matching between the real-time model estimation and 2D real-time images is performed in the same modality so that it can be applied to regions with low contrast in the images. The real-time images successfully corrected the initial motion model estimations in our proof-of-concept validation. This suggests the potential to perform markerless tracking in low-contrast region using a motion model.

The Use of Joyce J. Fitzpatrick's "Life Perspective Rhythm Theory" in a Case with Substance Use Disorder Diagnosed with Craving Severity: Case Report

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to plan the patient care of a male patient with craving severity diagnosed with substance use disorder according to Joyce J. Fitzpatrick's "Life Perspective Rhythm Theory". Theoretical Framework: In this study, nursing care was applied based on the Life Perspectives Rhythm theory. Method: A male patient with severe cravings diagnosed with substance use disorder treated in a psychiatric ward was evaluated according to the rhythmic patterns in Joyce J. Fitzpatrick's "Life Perspective Rhythm Theory". Patient care was planned and implemented based on the five main assumptions of the theory. Results and Discussion: Based on Fitzpatrick's Life Perspective Rhythm Theory, it was determined that the 32-year-old male patient with craving severity who was followed up with a diagnosis of substance use disorder had problems in the process of adaptation to life perspectives in the temporal behavior pattern, increased the number of cigarettes smoked daily in the motor behavior pattern, had impulse uncontrol in the cognitive behavior pattern, and had discourses that his parents mistreated him in the perceptual behavior pattern. According to Fitzpatrick, we determined the priority of care of this case as ineffective coping, decreased self-esteem, denial, risk of violence against self or others, anxiety, ineffectiveness in maintaining health, impaired social interaction and impaired family processes. Research Implications: In this study, the planning, implementation and evaluation stages of the patient care of a male patient with craving severity diagnosed with substance use disorder were carried out according to the Life Perspective Rhythm Theory with the priorities determined by using observation and communication skills. At the end of the process, the patient stated that his level of knowledge increased in order to maintain his physical and mental well-being, and that he knew the symptoms of craving severity and the measures to be taken when these symptoms occur. Since there are very few studies based on the theory developed by Fitzpatrick, it is recommended to study with different patient groups in order to obtain precise results by concretizing the usability of the theory in patterns.

A Workshop and Toolkit to Support Late-Career Transitions for Faculty.

Twenty percent of medical school faculty are 60 years or older. These senior-career academic faculty often find a paucity of support for decision-making about late-career transitions. To help fill this professional development gap, we developed and tested an interactive workshop to facilitate deliberation and discussion among mid- and late-career faculty in various stages of career transition planning. The workshop included individual and small-group activities and a takeaway packet/toolkit for career transition planning. We conducted mixed methods analyses of postworkshop survey data to evaluate the workshop content, methods, and toolkit. The workshop was implemented six times, at four national conferences, one state-level conference, and one single institution, for a total of 207 participants. Evaluations were completed by 60% of participants. Thirty-one percent were thinking generally about transition, 40% were making specific plans for transition within 1-5 years, 15% were currently in transition, and 10% had fully transitioned. Perception of workshop objectives met received a median ranking of 4 (rated on a 5-point Likert scale). Participants reported positive outcomes, including taking time to think/reflect, finding starting points for transition planning, and sharing conversations. This highly rated, interactive workshop provides support and practical tools for faculty considering late-career transitions. In addition to providing resources for individual faculty, this workshop has value for an institution to support their senior-level faculty. We encourage the incorporation of this workshop into institutional faculty development programming to ensure a career lifespan approach to faculty development.

OPTIMIZING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL MARKETING CAMPAIGNS WITH THE USE OF E-COMMERCE COMPANY DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS

Despite the rapid growth of the e-commerce sector in Indonesia reflected by a significant increase in the value of e-commerce transactions by 2022, the effectiveness of digital marketing campaign strategies is often faced with several challenges, including large and complex data volumes, lack of understanding of digital consumer behavior, and difficulty in measuring campaign effectiveness. This research aims to optimize the effectiveness of digital marketing campaigns by utilizing a Decision Support System (SDM), with the main focus of understanding the role of SDM in assisting decision-making in the context of digital marketing campaigns and developing a SDM model that can improve the effectiveness of these campaigns.This research uses the literature review research method which reviews or critically examines knowledge, ideas, or findings contained in academically oriented literature, formulating theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. The integration of digital marketing campaigns and Decision Support Systems (SDM) increases marketing effectiveness by making the right decisions. Implementation using APIs and integration examples involves audience mapping, campaign effectiveness measurement, and campaign optimization. The application of SPK in e-commerce involves planning, development, implementation, and maintenance stages to improve marketing campaign effectiveness. Optimization of SPK integration with a focus on in-depth data analysis, customer segmentation, content personalization, and continuous monitoring can improve the effectiveness of e-commerce campaigns.

Evaluate the Differential Effectiveness of the Case Management and Primary Nursing Models in the Implementation of Discharge Planning.

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the case management model and the primary nursing care model by focusing on hospital stay length, readmission, follow-up resource utilisation and survival. To improve patient continuity of care, a discharge planning team has been established at the hospital to implement the service concept of long-term medical care. The team works with a multidisciplinary medical team to provide case management, which ensures high-quality patient care. Retrospective case-control study. This study collected data from the medical record information system database and the Ministry of Health and Welfare's care service management information system to explore medical and follow-up care utilisation of patients discharged between 2017 and 2018. This study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines, with the checklist used to ensure transparent and complete reporting of the methodology and results. To ensure comparability between the case management model group and the primary nursing model group, propensity score matching was used. After matching, 660 individuals from the case management model group and 2876 individuals from the primary nursing model group were selected for further analysis. In this study, patients were primarily involved in the research as participants, providing data through their medical records for analysis. However, no direct involvement from the public or patients was used in the planning or design stages of the research. The study found that factors such as activities of daily living (ADL) score ≤ 60 points, catheterisation, poor chronic disease control and inadequate primary caregiver capacity can lead to longer hospitalisations. Males and patients with catheters have a higher risk of readmission within 30 days, and men, those aged ≥ 75 years, those with ADL score ≤ 60, catheterisation, pressure sores or unclean wounds, financial problems, insufficient primary caregiver capacity and those readmitted within 14 days after discharge had significantly increased mortality after discharge. Although the case management model group had higher hospitalisation days, they had lower readmission rates and higher survival rates than the primary nursing model group. Early consultation with the case manager for discharge planning can help patients to continue to receive care and utilise relevant resources after returning home. Identifying and addressing patient-specific factors can significantly improve patient outcomes by reducing hospitalizations and readmissions, and lowering mortality rates. The case management model is more effective than the primary nursing care model in reducing readmission rates and increasing survival rates. Early consultation with case managers for discharge planning is crucial to ensuring patient care continuity and resource utilization.

Esports Training, Periodization, and Software—A Scoping Review

Electronic sports (esports) and research on this emerging field are interdisciplinary in nature. By extension, it is essential to understand how to standardize and structure training with the help of existing tools, developed over years of research in sports sciences and informatics. Our goal for this work is to review the available literature in esports research, focusing on sports sciences (training, periodization, planning, and career stages) and software (training tools, visualization, analytics, and feedback systems). To verify the existing sources, we applied the framework of a scoping review to address the search from multiple scientific databases with further local processing. We conclude that the current research on esports has mainly focused on describing and modeling performance metrics that span over multiple fragmented research areas (psychology, nutrition, informatics). However, these building blocks have not been assembled into a well-functioning theory of performance in esports by, e.g., providing exercise regimes or methods of periodization for esports.

Factors Impacting Students’ Learning Performance in Higher Education in Chengdu, China

Background and Aim: The effectiveness of education has always been a focus of social attention. Previous research has mostly focused on the level of education in primary and secondary schools, and some studies have shown that college students may have different motivations and learning concepts. Therefore, this study aims to take Xihua University in Chengdu, China as an example to systematically examine various factors that affect the academic performance of university students. Through quantitative analysis, this study investigated the impact of five independent variables (learning attitude, learning anxiety, learning motivation, teacher ability, and student participation) on the dependent variable (academic performance), especially in higher education. Moreover, it aims to identify significant differences between variables. Methodology: Research Design, Data, and Methods: This study used the Project Objective Consistency Index (IOC) to test the validity of the questionnaire, and Cronbach's Alpha was used as reliability in the pilot study (n=30). They used the multiple linear regression method to analyze the effective responses of 80 students at Xihua University and verify the significant relationship between variables. Afterward, a group of 30 students underwent a 14-week planned study. Then, the quantitative results after and before the scheduled study were compared in paired sample t-tests. Results: In multiple linear regression, studies have shown that learning attitude, learning anxiety, learning motivation, teacher ability, and student participation have a significant impact on student academic performance. Finally, the comparison results of paired sample t-tests indicate substantial differences in student academic performance between the post-strategic and pre-strategic plan stages. Conclusion: This research endeavors to foster students' learning performance in the context of Chengdu, China.

Dynamic Stakeholder Analysis Through Process Mapping

ABSTRACTIdentification of stakeholders and their importance is critical to the design of accountability and performance management systems. Conventional stakeholder analysis approaches provide a static view of stakeholders and overlook that accountability is a dynamic process encompassing multiple temporally separated (or distinct) stages. We approach stakeholder analysis from a process perspective to ensure a more complete identification of stakeholders and to capture the dynamic nature of stakeholder emergence, retirement, and changes in relative importance. We used a participatory action research methodology to investigate contracting services in a community health setting and employed process mapping to reveal contracting activities undertaken in sequential stages of Deming's Plan–Do–Check–Act (PDCA) cycle. Stakeholders engage at different stages with different activities of a process so that in multi‐stage processes, stakeholder analysis needs to be repeated at each stage and is specific to each stage. Our use of the PDCA is broader than traditional applications and provides a suitable framework for a more complete identification of stakeholders across the entire process while aligning well with accountability and management control notions. The contribution is an approach that not only better identifies stakeholders but also recognizes the dynamics of multi‐stage processes for stakeholder interest and influence. The recurring nature of many processes (such as contracting) implies that roles remain the same even if an organization is restructured so that process mapping will still identify roles and stakeholders. This approach can be used by other organizations to better identify stakeholders and their dynamics in the planning and delivery processes.

Technology-Assisted EFL Academic Writing and Its Relation to Academic Writing Anxiety

Research practice is given top priority in universities worldwide. Scholars are pushed to write and publish articles in high-ranking journals with high citation indexes, mostly English-medium journals. English as a foreign language (EFL) scholars are anxious to publish articles in Anglophone journals and one of these obstacles is academic writing skills. Studies on academic writing paid more attention to the process and obstacles of EFL students of different ages. A few studies focus on strategies EFL scholars adopt, especially those related to technology. Hence, this paper bridged the gap by investigating the relationship between EFL scholars’ academic writing strategies with the assistance of technology and their second language academic writing anxiety (SLAWA) in China. This study is a quantitative study with 140 Chinese scholars participating. Participants used technology to gain online databases most frequently. It also showed that technological strategies in the planning stage positively relate to SLAWA. In contrast, technological strategies in the problem-solving stage have no relation with SLAWA. In addition, participants' characteristics such as age and gender have no significance with SLAWA. The findings of this study suggest that more academic writing training related to technology is needed especially in the before-writing stage where scholars complain about SLAWA mostly.

Critical construction waste minimization strategies for a circular economy in developing countries: A contractor’s perspective in China

AbstractDeveloping countries are often burdened by substantial construction waste (CW) generated through urbanization and urban renewal activities, highlighting the urgent need for effective CW minimization strategies to facilitate their transition towards a circular economy. Although previous studies have examined similar topics at various stages of construction projects from different perspectives, a comprehensive study integrating all critical stages from a contractor’s perspective is still lacking. To fill this gap, this study aims to identify critical CW minimization strategies in developing countries, with a holistic concentration on the planning, design, and construction stages, using China as a case study. æThe research began by compiling a comprehensive list of CW minimization strategies tailored to developing countries, based on an extensive desktop survey and a focus group interview, resulting in 32 strategies. A subsequent questionnaire survey with leading CW management experts and rigorous statistical analyses have identified 9 strategies as critical for minimizing CW in developing countries. Finally, through exploratory factor analysis, seven fundamental principles for CW minimization have been established: “Planning for CW Minimization” for the planning stage; “Optimized Design of Building Structures,” “Optimization of Design Process,” and “Stakeholders’ Efforts in the Design Stage” for the design stage; and “Optimization of Construction Techniques,” “Stakeholders’ Efforts in the Construction Stage,” and “Efforts on CW Disposal” for the construction stage. This study offers valuable insights for stakeholders in developing countries, empowering them to effectively minimize CW through targeted strategies, facilitating the transition to a circular economy and supporting the realization of the "zero-waste city" goal.

“Us versus Them”: is the voice of the community heard when planning communication screening programmes for preschoolers?

ObjectivesCommunity consultation is necessary to ensure the uptake and use of community-based screening intervention to detect early childhood disabilities, as its absence can result in poor service acceptance and usage. To document stakeholders' perspectives regarding planning a community-based communication disorder (an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process and comprehend concepts or verbal, non-verbal and graphic symbol systems) screening programmes for pre-schoolers. Study designThis qualitative research design used purposive and random sampling to recruit 46 participants from eThekwini Municipality, South Africa. These stakeholders consisted of caregivers/parents of children who underwent screening for communication disorders, People who are Deaf, their parents, early childhood development practitioners, health professionals and government officials involved with children with disabilities. All participants were adults aged between 19 and 79 years, with an average age of 39.7 years. MethodsData was collected through focus group discussions and individual interviews, which were thematically analysed. ResultsThe four emergent themes were screening approaches, methods, location and personnel. Service users expected greater access to screening and reliable tests to identify problems by trained personnel at sites within the community. Service providers preferred a targeted approach to screening with parental input. Task shifting and sharing were seen as a solution to address staff shortages and provide services at health facilities, as resource constraints made it challenging to provide outreach services. ConclusionStakeholder engagement revealed diverging views between service users and providers, with implications for programme provision and uptake. There is a need for ongoing, inclusive discussion to ensure consensus during the planning stage, in order to render services that address issues of equity and accessibility for people with disabilities in marginalised communities.

Manajemen Laboratorium IPA di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 02 Lombok Timur

A vital component of teaching science is laboratory administration, which is the endeavor to oversee a laboratory and learning activities. Science laboratory management is related to the managers and users of laboratory facilities and practical activities carried out in the laboratory. This study aimed to determine how planning, organizing resources and assets, implementation, supervision, and impacts arise in the management of science laboratories at MTs.N 02 East Lombok. In this study, documentation, observation, and interviews are the methods used to collect data. The results of the study are that the planning stage is quite good, the existence of short-term, medium-term, and long-term programs evidences this. Short-term programs are planned to be completed within a day, a week, or even a month. At the same time, the medium term is planned to be completed during a quarter to a semester. The Organizational Stage is the management of resources, tools, and materials available in the science laboratory. An organizational structure for managing science laboratories has been formed for the organization of resources. The Implementation Stage is the operational stage of the plan that has been scheduled. This stage is very urgent because it determines the success of achieving goals. Related to the implementation stage, the science laboratory manager at MTs. N. 02 East Lombok has done many things such as inventorying available tools and materials, making regulations, and utilization schedules that are synchronized with the madrasah program. The supervision stage functions as a controller and evaluator of the success of the implementation of laboratory management as a whole. The impacts that arise from laboratory management have been implemented well at MTs. N. 02 East Lombok.

The role and function of metformin in women’s reproductive health: From pre-pregnancy preparation to breastfeeding

Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism not only reduce the quality of life of patients of reproductive age due to violations of the regularity of menstruation, anovulation and other clinical manifestations, but also affect the stages of pregnancy planning, affect the course of pregnancy and play an important role in the postpartum period. In overweight women, the presence of insulin resistance (IR), as well as existing disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, a conscious approach to pregnancy planning with maintaining targets before and throughout pregnancy is extremely important. The particular importance of a responsible approach is necessary due to the fact that glycemic disorders in both hyperand hypoglycemia are associated with risks on the part of the patient and the unborn child. Infertility, miscarriage, the risk of preeclampsia and eclampsia, as well as a high risk of birth injury (in relation to both mother and child) due to the peculiarities of childbirth with a large fetus are common among patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism. Among all disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in patients of reproductive age, the most common are such as prediabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, all of which are associated with IR. Polycystic ovary syndrome, one of the main pathogenetic links of which is also IR, can be outlined separately. The use of metformin as a drug aimed at reducing IR is pathogenetically justified in such situations, however, despite the evidence of the safety of metformin presented by a large number of studies, there are no unified recommendations on dosage, timing and duration of metformin administration.

Applicability of 3D concrete printing technology in building construction with different architectural design decisions in housing

3D Printing (3DP) technology, one of the layered production methodologies where design and construction configurations can be made with increasing digitalization and Industry 4.0, is one of the leading techniques of the period. 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) also comes to the fore in the construction industry. The study aims to observe the impact of architectural design decisions on the 3DCP process by developing controlled and consistent design alternatives. Architectural designs developed with different geometric forms in the housing function were subjected to digital planning, 3DCP preparation, and 3DCP prototype final product stages. In the integration of design and 3D concrete printing (3DCP), two key aspects were investigated: (i) the impact of different geometric forms (square, rectangle, hexagon, octagon, circle, and ellipse) on the buildability performance of 3D-printed structures, and (ii) how variations in design details influence printing time, material consumption, cost, and the feasibility of mass production in architectural applications. For the 3DCP process, 3D-printable cementitious mixture was developed, and a 3D printer with dimensions of 100 x 100 x 40 centimeters was used. The results obtained during the printing process were analyzed in comparison with the building evaluation parameters. As a result, the house with circular geometry showed the optimum behavior according to the parameters of buildability, cost, and mass producibility. The circle geometric form provides a 4.2% advantage over the octagon in terms of buildability, a 16.6% advantage over the ellipse in terms of cost, and a 20% advantage over the ellipse in terms of mass producibility.

A Newly Custom Coordinate System Used for Preoperative Planning of Robotic-assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty

PurposePreoperative planning is critical for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed with surgical robots, as it involves establishing a coordinate system to calculate the angle values of the components. This coordinate system serves as a reference during the surgical planning stage. This study aimed to develop a newly custom coordinate system suitable for integration with a surgical robot system. MethodsThe "Skywalker" surgical robot system was used to import computed tomography (CT) images of the entire lower extremities from 50 patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Three-dimensional reconstruction was subsequently performed. The TKA component was positioned at a fixed angle using the newly developed custom coordinate system. The angle values of the components, based on the standard CT coordinate system, were then recorded without altering their positioning. These values were analyzed to assess the differences between the two coordinate systems. ResultsThe mean and standard deviation values for the coronal, sagittal, and transverse plane positioning of the femoral component (absolute value of error) were 0.004° ± 0.020°, 0.006° ± 0.024°, and 0.158° ± 0.186°, respectively. Similarly, the mean and standard deviation values for the coronal, sagittal, and transverse plane positioning of the tibial component (absolute value of error) were 0.544° ± 0.452°, 0.042° ± 0.076°, and 0.348° ± 0.445°, respectively. ConclusionThis newly developed custom coordinate system can be employed for preoperative planning in Skywalker surgical robot system-assisted TKA, particularly for patients with significant positional abnormalities in their CT scans.

Implementing Project-Based Learning Model (PjBL) to Develop Students’ Writing Skills in Composing Academic Texts

This study aimed at enhancing students' ability to compose academic writing by implementing the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model. The urgency of this research arises from the challenges faced by the students in academic proposal writing, often perceived as a major barrier in completing their education. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR), divided into two cycles with stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research subject comprises 22 seventh-semester students in the research proposal writing course at Institut Pendidikan Nusantara Global. The collected data through observation, interviews, and tests were then analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. The result of the study indicated a significant improvement in proposal writing skills. In the pre-cycle stage, 36% of the 22 students were in the “sufficient” category. After implementing the PjBL method in cycle I, there was an improvement with 43% of students in the “good” category and 21% in the “very good” category. In Cycle II, results improved further: 50% of students were in the “good” category and 36% in the “very good” category, while the “sufficient” category dropped to 14%, with none in the “poor” category. This research shows that PjBL was effective in improving proposal writing skills, engaging students in critical and creative thinking, and strengthening written communication.

Exploring Tri Hita Karana-Based CSR: A Sustainable Approach to Village Community Empowerment

This study explored the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) based on Tri Hita Karana in supporting community empowerment in Klungkung village, Bali. The method employed was a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing data collection techniques such as interviews and documentation. The research informants included 10 purposively selected respondents, encompassing company representatives, village heads, and beneficiary communities to ensure relevant information. This study identified community participation and involvement in CSR programs focusing on education, health, and local economic improvement. Despite the positive impact, significant challenges remain, such as low community awareness and inadequate information about the CSR program of the company. By involving the community at every stage of planning and evaluation, the company can ensure the relevance and success of the program. The study emphasized the need for enhanced socialization, transparency, and two-way communication between the company and the community to overcome these obstacles. Involving local community leaders and youth in the socialization process is expected to improve community understanding and participation, fostering a more harmonious relationship. The results provided new insights into the dynamics between the company, village government, and community, highlighting the importance of collaboration in achieving sustainable community empowerment.