Government Plans Research Articles

PRACTICES OF GOOD GOVERNANCE IN NEPAL

This article has mirrored the positive and negative aspects of good governance in Nepal. It has explored both weaknesses and strengths of good governance implications in the system of operation of various organs of the government of Nepal under the new constitution 2015 as envisioned by the legislatures via the Constitution Assembly. Despite the fact that democracy is the precondition of good governance, Nepal, being a democratic nation, lacks a proper functioning form of good governance. Several rules and strategies for good governance are included in Nepal's constitution and other laws. They are, nevertheless, constrained by the black letters of legislation and court judgments. Even Nepal's Supreme Court has issued multiple verdicts on the question of good governance. The division into central, federal, and local governance only can't fulfill Nepal’s good governance needs. But, to manage difficulties within and between municipal, provincial, and federal governments; development projects and governance plans necessitate a sustainable problem-solving mechanism. One cannot deny that Nepal's governance system is still in its early stages of improvisation. However, in the coming days, vital actions will be more important than the provisions guaranteed by the Constitution but never implemented practically.

Dampak Relokasi pada Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Resort dan Lapangan Golf bagi Komunitas Nelayan di Pulau Dompak, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau

The government's plan to transform the Tanjung Siambang area into a tourist destination necessitates the relocation of fishermen's homes. Job diversification becomes a solution for fishermen in Tanjung Siambang to survive. Job diversification is a strategy that must be implemented by fishermen because, without it, they will face difficulties in meeting their household economic needs. Economic needs must be continually met to ensure daily life runs smoothly. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of relocation due to the construction of resorts and golf courses on the fishing community in Dompak Island. This study uses a qualitative approach. This approach is used to describe the context of fishermen's lives in job diversification for survival. The data sources in this study are primary and secondary data obtained through observation and in-depth interviews. The results of the study show that many fishermen in Tanjung Siambang Village have diversified their jobs by working as laborers, members of the municipal police (Satpol PP), and gardening. Moreover, the roles of fishermen's wives also contribute to the economy to meet daily needs. The impact of the relocation due to development has led the community to choose side jobs to meet daily needs and create independence by starting home industries. The development of the golf course has caused the local community to lose their homes and made access to boats for fishermen more difficult. This has fostered the creativity of the local community, which is a novelty in this study.

Assessing social capital and its impact on economic performance: A comparative study of members and non-members of farmer producer companies in India

Farmer producer companies (FPCs), modern farmer collectives registered under India’s Companies Act, play a crucial role in providing core services like input supply, marketing, technical, and financial support, as well as auxiliary services such as social capital and consultancy, which are linked to higher economic performance and innovation. The study analyzes the levels of social capital among members and non-members of FPCs and their relationship to the economic performance of their members. The data on social capital were collected from 20 FPCs (292 members and 77 non-members) from Maharashtra state of India. Unpaired student T-tests and Mann-Whitney tests were performed to compare the levels of social capital among the members and non-members. OLS regression was performed to understand the difference in social capital and its effect on economic performance. The results reveal that all the indicators of social capital were significantly higher for the members (Mean = 4.27) than for non-members (Mean = 3.14). The social capital indicators related to membership and participation in groups (p-value < 0.10) and the sharing of production and other information (p-value < 0.01) positively affected economic performance. Higher levels of education (p-value < 0.05) and frequent contact with members (p-value < 0.01) positively affected, whereas higher landholding (p-value < 0.10) and years of membership (p-value < 0.01) negatively affected the economic performance of members. As the Indian government plans to add 10,000 FPCs in the next three years, the strategy to increase the social capital of FPCs may enhance the overall resilience and sustainability of rural economies.

Life of a Type 1 diabetic.

This article discusses the life of a Type 1 diabetic. Everything is a danger. Stress, flu, infection, or a common cold could all lead to a hospital stay. There are many negative long-term effects: blindness, loss of a limb, heart attacks, etc. Every day is an effort to keep on top of things. The diabetes cannot be forgotten or ignored. The cost of living with diabetes is atrocious, between the devices, insulin, and other needed supplies. It is expensive to be sick. On top of the insulin pump, there are numerous supplies, such as reservoirs to hold the insulin, the infusion sets to put the plastic needle into the body, along with tubing to carry the insulin from the pump to the insertion point on the abdomen. There are also continuous glucose monitors (CGM), which include a transmitter, as well as sensors that have to be changed weekly. These items are much needed for people like the author, who after having diabetes for 24 years, find it difficult to feel low blood sugars. This difficulty feeling low blood sugars is quite dangerous, and may lead to seizures, brain damage, or even death if unnoticed and untreated. With CGM technology, the transmitter and sensors have saved the author on multiple occasions from seizures, or worse. They are a necessity, and the author needs the CGMs to protect her life. The author highlights a promise of hope in the Canadian Government's plan to financially cover "diabetic medications and supplies." And while it would not cover the expensive drugs not currently covered by the author's insurance, it does mean insulin and oral medications for Type 2 diabetes will no longer be paid out of pocket. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Assessment of community health workers activities in six districts of Zambézia Province, Mozambique

Mozambique’s Community Health Worker (CHW) or Agentes Polivalentes Elementares in Portuguese (APE) in Mozambique was reinitiated in 2010 after an unsuccessful first attempt decades prior. Two decades after this reinitialization, the Ministry of Health of Mozambique (MoH) and other interested parties sought to understand how the implementation of APEs interventions is progressing. Given its low coverage of many health interventions. A cross-sectional study was carried out in six districts of the Province of Zambézia, namely: Ile, Inhassunge, Milange, Mocubela, Mulevala, and Pebane. A questionnaire was developed based on government plans, APE training material, and best practices for implementing ACS programs found in the literature for individual face-to-face interviews with APEs. A descriptive analysis was carried out to summarize the different components of the APEs program according to the interviewees' responses. A total of 148 APEs were interviewed. Only 48% of APEs replenished their kits every month, and stock-outs of medications ranged from 19 to 92%, with expired medication being found for 5–13% of the medications. Although the quality of supervision appears high with APEs reporting service delivery observation (88%), discussion of work performance (81%) and work-related problems (91%), checking of supplies (90%), review of records (93%), and praise (92%) during their last supervision, only 59% of the sample study reported having had their last meeting with their supervisor less than 1 month ago. APEs are very important in providing care to patients in remote communities. Nonetheless, challenges persist in ensuring the proper performance of the APEs program. More urgently, there is a need to focus more on securing a constant supply of APE kits to provide patient care and on regular and timely delivery of subsidies as an incentive.

The need for proactive environmental planning in local government: Examining challenges and pathways forward in Indiana

ABSTRACT Many factors, including regulations, community values, and economic and environmental considerations, influence environmental planning decisions. Across the nation, local elected and appointed boards and commissions are responsible for planning and land use regulations. However, few studies have focused on environmental planning through comprehensive and parks and recreation plans. Using Indiana communities as a case study, this research highlights the theory and practice of environmental planning and community development, emphasizing the importance of collaboration and the presence of social capital. Statewide focus groups found that communities integrate varying environmental planning processes into comprehensive and parks and recreation plans. As a result, these plans represent underutilized potential to guide conservation and collaboration. Integrating environmental planning into local government activities is limited by time, political will, and community awareness. As such, communities need continued support and resources to build social capital that leads to engaging with the public, decision-makers, and collaborators in meaningful ways to foster effective environmental planning.

Urban sprawl and the changing socioecological systems in peri-urban Ghana

ABSTRACT The growth of African cities is characterised by sprawl, significantly impacting social, economic and environmental systems. The change in land use due to urban sprawl often dispossesses farmers in peri-urban communities, resulting in income loss. Focusing on social and ecological changes in peri-urban communities of Ghana, this paper sheds light on land use and land cover change stemming from urban sprawl. It is argued that land governance systems that shape resource access in peri-urban areas have been transformed with farming being the most impacted. Emerging livelihoods like sand winning further compounds a precarious situation. Women and youth are the most affected, with limited options for alternative occupations and uncertain futures. It is thus imperative that policy interventions prioritise sustainable land governance and urban planning, taking into account the needs and vulnerabilities of peri-urban communities, particularly women and youth.

Strategies and Actions’ Definition for the New Territorial Government Plan of Voghera, Italy: Towards a Healthier City

Strategies and Actions’ Definition for the New Territorial Government Plan of Voghera, Italy: Towards a Healthier City

Effects of the Global Minimum Tax on Income Tax Incentive Framework in Indonesia

In this article, the authors analyse Indonesia’s tax incentives to lure investments and its commitment to adopt the GMT. Such adoption could potentially reduce a company’s effective tax rate to under 15%, possibly diverting revenue from Indonesia to other jurisdictions. The article suggests that the GMT’s introduction in Indonesia will influence various tax incentives, primarily those based on income, including tax holidays, tax allowances, super tax deductions, discounted rates and regional development incentives. Post-GMT, the government plans to introduce the qualified domestic minimum top-up tax to safeguard national revenue during GMT’s roll-out and the qualified refundable tax credit to maintain Indonesia’s competitive investment environment following GMT’s implementation.

Tik Tok as a political communication tool in Jorge Yunda's campaign for mayor of Quito in Ecuador 2023

The correct use to disseminate government plans in the social network Tik Tok generates an impact of influence that we will address in this research that focused on Ecuadorian politics specifically in the city of Quito, in which we analyzed the use of TikTok as a political communication tool in the campaign of Jorge Yunda for mayor during the campaign of January and February 2023. A qualitative methodology was applied, in which observation and interview techniques were developed, and a quantitative one, applying a survey to a non-probabilistic sample of young people between 18 and 29 years old in the city of Quito. The results highlight that Yunda's account focuses on political content, mixed with humor and history that crucially underlines the use of this social network as a political tool to build effective links between candidate and citizens, taking advantage of its ability to create shocking and easily consumed content, as well as the affinity that the politician has with the audiences, taking advantage of the duration of the videos that is crucial in the era of fast information and the short attention span of users.

ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF MICRO HYDRO POWER PLANT (PLTMH) IN ABENAHO DISTRICT, YALIMO REGENCY

This study examines the feasibility of the location for the construction of a micro hydro power plant (PLTMH) in Landikma Village, Abenaho District, in relation to the district government's plans. The specific objectives of this study are to determine the potential location of a PLTMH based on the applicable technical principles, as well as to compile a feasibility study for the construction of a PLTMH to support lighting/electricity services. The survey method was applied to identify the description of the existing conditions, with reference to the criteria for PLTMH development. Data analysis was carried out using quantitative and qualitative methods. Based on the research results, the PLTMH construction site in Landikma Village, Abenaho District, Yalimo Regency meets the eligibility to build a 177kW micro-hydro power plant. The river discharge at the location of the development plan is 0.950 m3/s, so the result of calculating the potential electric power generated by the PLTMH is 326.2 kW. This electrical energy is capable of meeting the lighting needs of 521 houses, assuming that each house gets 450 watts of electric power. Strategic environmental studies need to be carried out to ensure that this development does not have the potential to cause negative impacts on the environment. The PLTMH development process must also be accompanied by a comprehensive Detail Engineering Design (DED). In addition, local communities must also be involved in the process of reviewing the development, evaluation and supervision to ensure the sustainability of development and the sustainability of natural resources around the PLTMH construction site. Keywords: Potential Study, power plant, micro hydro, turbine, river.

Constructing Moral Governance in China Today: The Law‒Morality‒Self-Governance Connection

Abstract This paper asks how moral governance [dezhi 德治] infrastructure has expanded under Xi Jinping. The Xi leadership has designed this expansion by framing moral governance activity within what it calls the Three Governances (law-based governance, moral governance and self-governance), which, in turn sits under the Chinese Communist Party Political-Legal Committee’s social governance regime. Moral governance has expanded as part of the Xi leadership’s efforts to enhance the Party’s governance capacity-building in the area of social governance in three main ways: through ideology, social governance plans, and community engagement. The Party has broadened the boundaries of what elements of social relations it considers risky or capable of inducing social disorder, and in so doing, it has broadened the boundaries of its response to its own perceived expansion of risks. The Party has integrated moral governance into its overall comprehensive social governance ambitions to enhance its capacity to securitize the grassroots, which is the Xi leadership’s number one governance priority.

Power and paths in transport planning and policy: the case of E39 Romsdalsfjord, Norway

ABSTRACT The appraisal stage is crucial to the later success of transport infrastructure megaprojects. Stakeholders must be engaged early to protect their interests. This article analyses power dynamics and rationalized knowledge in long-term timelines and trajectories using critical discourse analysis. It examines a case where powerful stakeholders directly influenced decision-making. The Norwegian Public Road Authority planners helped local and regional community stakeholders collaborate over 13 years. This collaboration successfully advocated for a fixed-link concept alternative in the national transport plan. The findings suggest considering changes to the planning framework and local execution.

COVID-19 trends across borders: Identifying correlations among countries.

To enhance the accuracy of forecasting future coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and trends by identifying and analyzing correlations between the daily case counts of different countries reported between January 2020 and January 2023, to uncover significant links in COVID-19 patterns between nations, allowing for real-time, precise predictions of disease spread based on observed trends in correlated countries. Daily COVID-19 cases for each country were tracked between January 2020 and January 2023 to identify correlations between nations. Current case data were obtained from reliable sources, such as Johns Hopkins University and the World Health Organization. Data were analyzed in Microsoft Excel using Pearson's correlation coefficient to assess the strength of connections. Strong correlations (r > 0.80) were revealed between the daily reported COVID-19 case counts of numerous countries across various continents. Specifically, 62 nations showed significant correlations with at least one correlated (connected) country per nation. These correlations indicate a similarity in COVID-19 trends over the past 3 or more years. This study addresses the gap in country-specific correlations within COVID-19 forecasting methodologies. The proposed method offers essential real-time insights to aid effective government and organizational planning in response to the pandemic.

Geoarchaeology, preliminary study of relationship analysis between geological conditions and the Megalithic sites in the candidate of Ternate Geopark, North Maluku

Abstract Geopark is a concept of sustainable development with three main components: geological diversity, cultural diversity, and biodiversity, with the ultimate goal of protecting the Earth’s diversity, environmental preservation, and broader earth science education. Geological and cultural diversity in a geopark concept does not stand alone, but there is a relationship. Ternate Island is a volcanic island with Gamalama Mts as a Quaternary Volcano. The area around the volcano is comfortable because there is sufficient water despite the eruption disaster. Megalithic artefacts such as menhirs and pseudo dolmens are cultural products closely tied to the significant stone tradition. Megalithic remains on Ternate Island are represented by the presence of Jere, a local term to refer to the sacred places usually represented by menhirs and whole boulders in 56 locations. The regent government plans to develop it as an island geopark. Before being proposed, a study of geological, biological, and cultural diversity must be carried out to propose establishing a geoheritage and preparing a Geopark proposal document. This initial research uses the overlay method to identify geological conditions, determine the distribution of megalithic artefacts, and analyze their relationships.

Differentiated and conflicting incentives across the sanitation value chain: the case of Sanergy in Nairobi

ABSTRACT The challenge of achieving safely managed sanitation in low-income settlements in the context of rapid urban expansion in Nairobi is significant. National and county government plans for sanitation focus primarily on extending large-scale sewer systems, but in recent years, there has been increasing activity on non-sewered sanitation, particularly container-based sanitation (CBS) to potentially extend safely managed sanitation. Market-based CBS providers received extensive investment and promised to rapidly scale service delivery. Yet, progress has faltered, and scaling up is proving to be problematic. We apply a service characteristics analysis to examine the case of Sanergy, a CBS provider. Data are drawn from documents and stakeholder interviews. We demonstrate that misaligned incentives between stakeholders explain why extensive scaling up has (so far) failed to materialise. In particular, the creation of a self-sustaining faecal waste circular economy has proved to be elusive and highlights the need for the state to engage actively in sanitation provision as a public good.

일본 기시다 정부의 핵정책

In order to realize a nuclear-free world, the Kishida government plans to lead discussions on disarmament and non-proliferation in the international community, while further strengthening the existing extended deterrence by the United States in response to the rapid increase in nuclear power in East Asia. This is based on the perception that in the long run, we will actively strive to realize a nuclear-free world through disarmament and non-proliferation, but in reality, we have no choice but to rely on the U.S. nuclear umbrella in a situation where nuclear weapons exist. However, the Kishida government is facing a dilemma of simultaneously realizing a nuclear-free world and a nuclear deterrent as it fails to provide a detailed roadmap for nuclear disarmament and faces domestic criticism that the extended deterrence policy does not reflect a serious security reality. Considering that China and North Korea's nuclear forces continue to increase in the future, the nuclear dilemma facing Japan is expected to become even more serious. If discussions on the establishment of a nuclear deterrence strategy in the post-Kishida government begin in earnest, the main issues will be the revision of the principle of the prohibition of nuclear importation among the three non-nuclear principles, the activation of extended deterrence consultations with the United States, and the search for a Japanese version of nuclear sharing.

The State of Urban Governance and Urban Planning: Bridging the Participation Gap for Marginalised Communities

The State of Urban Governance and Urban Planning: Bridging the Participation Gap for Marginalised Communities

The Carbon Emission Implications of Intensive Urban Land Use in Emerging Regions: Insights from Chinese Cities

Intensive urban land use is a strategy to enhance productivity and mitigate environmental challenges in emerging regions, but its relationship with carbon emissions needs further city-level investigation. This study investigates the impact of intensive urban land use on carbon emissions across 153 cities in China, thus employing the STIRPAT model with the ordinary least square (OLS) and geographical weighted regression (GWR) methods. The findings underscore the heterogenous influence of intensive urban land use on carbon emissions across China’s urban landscapes: (1) R&D investment intensity and population density show significant negative association with carbon emissions in general. (2) Capital investment intensity positively affects carbon emissions in low-income cities, R&D investment intensity shows negative effects on carbon emissions in middle-income cities, and population density emerges as a substantial factor in reducing carbon emissions in both middle- and low-income cities. (3) Capital intensity, labor intensity, and R&D investment intensity exert positive effects on emissions in middle China and negative influences in northeastern and southern China, whereas population density shows converse spatial effects. Based on the study’s results, tailored policy implications are provided for urban planning authorities in emerging regions.

Coastal Adaptation Pathways and Tipping Points for Typical Mediterranean Beaches under Future Scenarios

Coastal zones experience increasing climatic and human pressures, which lead to growing risks and tipping points (TPs) under future scenarios and natural resource scarcity. To avoid crossing TPs with irreversible coastal losses, this paper proposes the development of adaptation pathways based on advanced coastal oceanography and engineering knowledge that enables a comprehensive assessment of evolving coastal risks. These pathways feature sequential interventions steered by simulations and observations as a function of available coastal resources (mainly space and sediment) and risks for infrastructure and socioeconomic assets. Such an adaptation has been developed for urban and peri-urban Mediterranean beaches, considering conventional coastal engineering together with nature-based solutions (NbS). Both types of interventions are assessed in terms of key physical variables, which serve to evaluate performance and estimate TPs. This analysis supports the new coastal protection and management plan promoted by the regional government of Catalonia and the coastal adaptation plan of the central government of Spain. The approach and results illustrate the potential of adaptation pathways for beach sustainability, enhancing the compatibility between short-/long-term coastal protection objectives under present/future climate and management scenarios. The development of adaptation pathways underpins increasing stakeholder cooperation to achieve shared decisions for coastal sustainability.