Planning Program Research Articles

The Legal Basis for the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Decision-Making by Public Authorities

This article centers on the legal regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) use in public administration. The main features of AI, the risks associated with its use in the public sector, and its key functions were outlined. The program and strategic plans for AI introduction in Russia were systematized. The prospects for creating a digital state were highlighted. Through careful analysis, the most viable areas of public administration were identified where AI can realize its full technical potential without entirely taking over the tasks of human officials (such as digital controllers, judges, and investigators). A clear distinction was revealed between “weak” AI, a technical assistant and decision-making tool for human officials, and “strong” AI, a fully-fledged subject of legal public relations with legal capacity. The connection between the development of new technologies and the evolution of the state apparatus was stressed. It was concluded that the integration of multiple algorithms in management activities is causing a shift from quantitative to qualitative changes: the ways state bodies exercise their public powers are being altered and revised.

Wildlife-Friendly Landscaping: Connecting Professionals and the Public

In the United States, the green industry is a billion-dollar sector that generates millions of employment opportunities annually. Green industry professionals, homeowners, and renters all play important roles in deciding how to design and maintain urban and residential landscapes. Decades of research have shown a need to accommodate wildlife and pollinator conservation efforts in urbanized landscape design and maintenance. The studies summarized in this publication were designed to evaluate the perceptions of green industry professionals and consumers regarding wildlife-friendly landscape maintenance practices to develop insights for future landscape conservation efforts that protect wildlife in Florida’s and the US’s rapidly expanding urban areas. This publication is intended for program planners, educators, Extension agents, green industry professionals, policymakers, and researchers working to promote pollinators and biodiversity in urban and residential landscapes.

National health insurance contribution to family planning program funding in Indonesia: A fund flow analysis.

Launched in 2014, Indonesia's national health insurance system (JKN) aimed to provide universal health coverage, including contraceptive services, to its population. We aim to evaluate the contribution of JKN to the overall spending for the family planning program in Indonesia. Data from the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey, Survey on Financial Flows for Family Planning, Indonesia Motion Tracker Matrix, World Population Prospect, and Indonesian ministries' budget accountability reports were entered into the CastCost Contraceptive Projection Tool to define budgetary allocation and spending for the family planning program at the national level in 2019. Indonesia's family planning program in 2019 was financed mostly by the national budget (64.0%) and out-of-pocket payments (34.6%). There were three main ministries responsible for family planning financing: the National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN) (35.8%), the Ministry of Finance (26.2%), and the Ministry of Health (2.0%). Overall, JKN contributed less than 0.4% of the funding for family planning services in Indonesia in 2019. The majority of family planning spending was by public facilities (57.3%) as opposed to private facilities (28.6%). JKN's contribution to funding Indonesia's family planning programs in 2019 was low and highlights a huge opportunity to expand these contributions. A coordinated effort should be conducted to identify possible opportunities to realign BKKBN and JKN roles in the family planning programs and lift barriers to accessing family planning services in public and private facilities. This includes a concerted effort to improve integration of private family planning providers into the JKN program.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PENGOLAHAN DATA POSYANDU KEMBANG SETAMAN KOTA BOGOR BERBASIS WEB

Posyandu is a health effort carried out by, from and with the community. In the posyandu there are several activities carried out by cadres, such as maternal and child health, family planning programs, and pregnancy checks. The aim of building a data processing information system for Posyandu Kembang Setaman is specifically for mothers and children. However, there is a problem in this research, namely how to build a system that is able to provide services and report the results of weighing, immunization, mothers who carry out family planning programs and pregnancy checks. The solution to this problem is to simplify data collection on inspection results, and simplify services without using KMS. In this research the author used the waterfall research method. This activity requires a Posyandu Information System to make it easier to process patient examination data. Data was obtained from this research by conducting interviews with posyandu cadres. The data that has been obtained will be identified, designed and then implemented and system tested. To design the interaction between the user and the system, it is depicted using a UML diagram to make it easier to build this information system. The design of the Posyandu Kembang Setaman data processing system can make it easier for cadres and other officers to report the latest patient input, search for patients and process patient data and produce patient visit data.

Incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Manitoba children 2009–10 to 2017–18: First Nation versus all other Manitobans

AimTo describe the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children in Manitoba over a ten-year period. MethodsPopulation-based, provincial databases were linked to calculate the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children < 18 years of age in Manitoba from 2009-10 to 2017–18. First Nation and all other Manitoban children are described separately. ResultsThe incidence of type 2 diabetes increased from 16.0/100,000/year in 2009–10 to 31‧1/100,000/year in 2017–18 (p < 0.001). For First Nation children, the incidence increased from 73‧4 to 121‧2/100,000/year (p < 0.001). For all other Manitoban children, the incidence increased from 3‧3 to 10‧7/100,000/year (p < 0.001). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes rose from 66‧4 to 124‧2/100,000/year between 2009 -10 and 2017–18 (<0.001). The prevalence in First Nation children rose from 282‧8 to 517‧9/100,000/year (p < 0.001) and in all other Manitoban children from 18‧4 to 35.0/100,000/year (p < 0.001). ConclusionsThe incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing in Manitoban children. While the greatest increase is seen in all other Manitoban children, type 2 diabetes disproportionally affects First Nation children. Understanding the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes in children is necessary for resource allocation and to inform program planning, aimed at both prevention and management.

Ketidakadilan Gender dalam Rumah Tangga pada Diskusi Susahnya Jadi Perempuan Part 2 Mata Najwa: Kajian Pragmatik

Married life being one of the new levels of a life that brings some differences to some people. The concept of division of roles in the household is often misunderstood by some groups in society. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out several studies in this regard. The study with the object of discussion “Susahnya Jadi Perempuan Part 2 Mata Najwa” aims to theoretically prove the phenomenon of gender inequality experienced in households. To achieve this goal, we use a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. The dialogues uttered by the speakers were also reviewed through pragmatic theory and resulted in the discovery of locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary speech acts in the object. Through the application of gender inequality theory to objects, it was found that there are two forms of inequality that occur in households, namely workload or double burden, and stereotypes that include women”s beauty standards, men’s participation in family planning programs, and men’s obligations in the household .

Contraceptive Practices and the Reasons for Non-Utilization of Contraceptives among Married Women in an Urban Slum

Background: Despite the early institution of a family planning program, following its inception, Pakistan is still struggling to stabilize its fast-growing population. The objectives of the study were, to determine the contraceptive practices &amp; related factors among married women in an urban slum and also to assess the reasons for non-utilization of contraceptives among these women.&#x0D; Methods: The Cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban slum, Shah di Khui, in district Lahore following approval. A total of 300 eligible married females were selected through a systematic random sampling technique. After obtaining informed consent, information was solicited using a structured pretested questionnaire in privacy. Confidentiality of participants was maintained. SPSS version 24 was used for data analysis. The chi-square test was used to determine a statistically significant relationship between independent and dependent variables. &#x0D; Results: It was found that 33.7% of married women were using contraceptives as compared to 66.3% of non-users. Among users, 76.2% were using Modern methods and 23.8% were using traditional methods. The duration of marriage (p =0.000), education standing of the respondent (p = 0.012) and her spouse (p = 0.003), and total number of alive children (p = 0.018) were significantly related to contraceptive usage. The main reasons for non-utilization were a desire for more children (30.2%), fear of side effects (25.1%), objection by spouse/in-laws (21.1%), and Lack of knowledge (15.6%).&#x0D; Conclusion: It was concluded that only 33.7% of slum dweller married women were using contraceptives. Contraceptive usage was found to be related significantly with the duration of marriage, Education status of husband and wife, and total number of living children. There is a need to make targeted efforts to address barriers and enhance uptake in this often-neglected segment of society.&#x0D;

Sperm Switch: A New Trend in Reducing Maternal Mortality

The study looked at the emerging practice of switching sperm to reduce maternal mortality in Ekiti State. Secondary data from the chosen health facilities in Ekiti State was used in the study. The major beneficiaries of family planning programs have historically been women, and men have been seen as the services' invisible partners. The study's ideas included male involvement in family planning, the effect caused by sperm switching on family planning, its difficulties, ways to use sperm switching to lower maternal death rates, and the responsibilities of midwives and the government in the process. The study's implications for nursing practice are that nurses and midwives undergoing training should be able to apply the sperm switch approach, and nurses should conduct additional research on new trends in family planning, particularly sperm switching, as well as the advantages of male involvement in family planning. The suggestion is that political commitment, priorities, effective governance, and enough financing should be given top priority. In addition, men should receive advice regarding the reversibility of the sperm switch method, and more awareness should be raised regarding the sperm switch strategy's positive effects on health when used with male contraceptives for family planning.

Reimagining gendered community interventions: the case of family planning programs in rural Bangladesh

Family planning programs in Bangladesh have been successfully operating for over half a century, achieving phenomenal reductions in fertility rates. Acknowledging restrictions on women’s freedoms, much of the initial program design was concentrated on giving household supplies for women priority. However, one unfortunate impact of these outreach services is that, by bypassing the opportunity to challenge patriarchal attitudes directly, they inadvertently reinforce the power relationships of the status quo. Hence, we problematise the decision-making structures within Bangladesh’s family planning programs. We argue that the fundamental flaw with Bangladesh’s family planning program is the lack of conscious effort to understand women’s health choices and decision-making as a complex contextual process of relational, structural, and institutional forces. Additionally, avoiding men in these programs often creates new dependencies for women, as this approach does not directly seek to build relational bridges based on equality between genders. As a result, many women still depend on permission from their husbands and family for reproductive health services and face constrained family planning choices and access to care. We recommend that family planning programs adopt a broader vision to create new and more sustainable possibilities in an ever-evolving social relations landscape where gender is constantly negotiated. Such strategies are even more pressing in the post-Covid world, as national systems are exposed to uncertainty and ambiguity.

Bridge Investment Program—Planning and Bridge Project Grants (DOT)

Bridge Investment Program—Planning and Bridge Project Grants (DOT)

Berat Badan Pada Akseptor yang Menggunakan Kontrasepsi Suntik di Puskesmas Singgani Kota Palu

The Family Planning (KB) program is carried out in order to regulate the number of births or space births. Injectable contraception is one of the contraceptive methods that is widely used in Indonesia because it works effectively, is practical to use, is relatively cheap, and is safe. One of the ways injectable contraception works is to cause changes in the menstrual cycle to increase body weight which is the most frequently complained about by injectable contraceptive acceptors. Injection methods are divided into two types, namely 1-month injectable contraceptives and 3-month injectable contraceptives. 1-month contraceptive injection is a type of birth control injection that contains a combination of the hormone Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (progestin hormone) and Estradiol cypionate (estrogen hormone), and 3-month contraceptive injection is an injectable contraceptive containing the Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate hormone p (progestin hormone) with a volume of 150 mg. The aim of this study was to analyze differences in body weight among injectable contraceptive acceptors. This type of research uses analytical observational research methods. This research sample was taken using the Accidental Sampling technique with a sample size of 42 respondents. Analysis uses the sign difference test. The sign test results showed that there was a relationship between the use of injectable birth control (P &lt; 0.05) and weight gain.

Peningkatan Kapasitas Pegawai Melalui Program Hospital Disaster Plan (HDP) di RSUD dr. Loekmono Hadi Kabupaten Kudus

This research aims to see the results of employee capacity building activities through the Hospital Disaster Plan (HDP) program at RSUD dr. Loekmono Hadi Kudus Regency. Hospital preparedness plans are very important in ensuring the safety of the hospital environment and the actions that need to be taken to ensure health services remain available during a disaster situation. Dr. Hospital Loekmono Hadi needs to develop a hospital preparedness plan. The methods used in hospital employee empowerment activities include pretest-posttest, lecture-discussion, direct training/practice, observation and evaluation methods. The research results show that Disaster Management at RSUD dr. Loekmono Hadi is very important considering that Kudus Regency has a variety of potential disasters and is located in an area that has potential threats of flooding, drought, landslides and earthquakes. there was an increase in pretest and posttest results by 12.00 points. It is felt that activities to strengthen employee capacity through the Hospital Disaster Plan (HDP) program need to be developed further because hospitals need more preparedness capacity in facing disasters or emergency situations and can support home accreditation.

A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF DISEASE PROCESSES IN MANED WOLVES (CHRYSOCYON BRACHYURUS) IN NORTH AMERICAN ZOOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS WITH EMPHASIS ON UROLITHIASIS, INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE, AND NEOPLASIA.

The objective of this retrospective study is to summarize causes of disease and mortality in maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) in the North American Species Survival Plan Program (SSP) population. This information will inform and enhance animal health, husbandry, and conservation efforts. Pathology reports were requested from all zoological institutions housing maned wolves between 1930 and 2021. Data were reviewed and cause of death (COD) and reported diseases were summarized and compared by age group, organ system and disease process. One hundred and seventy-one wolves, 82 females and 89 males, met the inclusion criteria. The majority were geriatric (>11 yr; n = 96) or adult (2-11 yr; n = 67). Noninfectious diseases were the most common COD by process (n = 94; 54.9%). For COD by organ system, diseases of the digestive (n = 41) and urinary (n = 34) systems were most common. Neoplasia was the most common noninfectious COD and was the primary COD in 37 wolves (21.6% overall; 39.4% of noninfectious diseases). A total of 145 benign (n = 72) and malignant (n = 73) neoplasms were diagnosed in 44 individuals. Dysgerminoma was the most commonly reported tumor (n = 18), and was the most common neoplastic COD (n = 8). Cystinuria or urolithiasis (n = 71) and gastritis, enteritis, enterocolitis, or colitis (n = 50) (overall and grouped in each system due to presumed common underlying cause) were also common but were more often reported as comorbidities than as COD (n = 16 and n = 11, respectively). Infectious COD were reported in 17 wolves and included babesiosis (n = 4), acanthocephalans (n = 2), and one viral infection. Infections with a variety of bacteria in different organ systems were a COD in eight wolves.

Adequate Funding Panacea for Development of Educational Administration and Planning Programme in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria

This paper discussed adequate funding panacea for development of educational administration and planning programme in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Secondary data were used in the paper. The secondary data were collected from print and online publications. The paper noted that adequate funding of educational administration and planning programme in tertiary institutions will lead to availability of funds for effective administration of educational administration and planning programme, employment of adequate academic staff, provision of modern infrastructure facilities, effective staff training, provision of adequate instructional materials and development of research in educational administration and planning programme. Based on the points identified in the paper, the paper hereby recommended that the governments should increase budgetary allocation for tertiary institutions and preference should be given to educational administration and planning programme which will lead to adequate funds for effective administration, employment of adequate lecturers and provision of infrastructure facilities, instructional resources and development of research programme in educational administration and planning programme.

Establishing A Greenhouse For Melon Cultivation: A Community Service Program To A Farmer Group In Lamongan Jawa Timur

The demand for fresh and high-quality melon has been steadily growing over the years. Certainly, supply chain challenges significantly impact farmers' ability to produce and distribute their products efficiently for some reasons. Moreover, melon crops are vulnerable to changes in weather and climate. Support in the form of climate-resilient farming practices, weather forecasting, and access to drought-resistant or heat-tolerant varieties can help farmers mitigate risks. Hence, melon farmers, like farmers of any other crop, require support for various reasons due challenging industry, and farmers often face a range of factors that can impact their performance. This article aims to explore how a community service program support a farmer group in Lamongan Jawa Timur by establishing a greenhouse for melon cultivation. The primary focus of a community development report is to document the planning, implementation, progress, and outcomes of a specific community development program. Data collection for a community development report involves qualitative approaches such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, and observations. The method follows the sequential step: The initial step is gathering information about the community's needs, challenges, and aspirations by conducting online interviews, and offline focus group discussion to understand the specific areas that require improvement. The second step is stakeholder mapping, which includes community members, local leaders, local university partners, and local business partners who have a vested interest in the program. The third step entails assessing potential risks and challenges that could hinder the development process. This includes identifying economic, social, environmental, or cultural risks. Based on the information gathered in the previous steps, the design of the community development program was to set clear goals, objectives, strategies, and action plans by tailoring to address the specific needs and circumstances of the community. Last, putting the program into action involves executing the strategies and action plans outlined in the program design, which includes organizing workshops, training sessions, and infrastructure development. The results show that community development is a dynamic and iterative process. Flexibility and adaptability are key qualities as the situation on the ground may change, and new insights may emerge. Additionally, involving the community at every stage of the process fosters ownership, empowerment, and sustainability of the development initiatives.

Rural and regional maternity managers’ and educators’ views of the Maternity and Newborn Emergencies (MANE) education program in Victoria, Australia: a qualitative descriptive study

BackgroundAustralia has one of the lowest perinatal morbidity and mortality rates in the world, however a cluster of perinatal deaths at a regional health service in the state of Victoria in 2015 led to state-wide reforms, including the introduction of the Maternity and Newborn Emergencies (MANE) program. MANE was a 2-day interprofessional maternity education program delivered by external expert facilitators to rural and regional Victorian maternity service providers. An independent evaluation found that the MANE program improved the confidence and knowledge of clinicians in managing obstetric emergencies and resulted in changes to clinical practice. While there is a large volume of evidence that supports the use of interprofessional education in improving clinicians’ clinical practice, the impact of these programs on the overall safety culture of a health service has been less studied. Managers and educators have an important role in promoting the safety culture and clinical governance of the heath service. The aim of this study, therefore, was to explore Victorian rural and regional maternity managers’ and educators’ views and experiences of the MANE program.MethodsMaternity managers and educators from the 17 regional and rural health services across Victoria that received the MANE program during 2018 and 2019 were invited to participate. Semi-structured interviews using mostly open-ended questions (and with a small number of fixed response questions) were undertaken. Qualitative data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data.ResultsTwenty-one maternity managers and educators from the 17 health services participated in the interviews. Overall, participants viewed the MANE program positively. Four themes were identified: the value of external facilitation in providing obstetric emergency training; improved awareness and understanding of clinical governance; improved clinical practice; and the importance of maintaining the program. Participants agreed that MANE had improved the confidence (94%) and skills (94%) of clinicians in managing obstetric emergencies, as well as confidence to escalate concerns (94%), and most agreed that it had improved clinical practice (70%) and teamwork among attendees (82%).ConclusionMaternity managers and educators were positive about MANE; they considered that it contributed to improving factors that impact the safety culture of health services, with delivery by external experts considered to be particularly important. Given the crucial role of maternity managers and educators on safety culture in health services, as well in program facilitation, these findings are important for future planning of maternity education programs across the state.Trial registrationTrial registration was not required for this study.

Performance of ``Penyuluh KB'' After the Transfer of Employment Status in East Java, Indonesia

Based on Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, the Penyuluh Keluarga Berencana (PKB) switched status to become a central employee. Previous studies have shown that when they were still regional employees, PKB’s performance had not run optimally. This study aims to describe the performance and operational mechanisms of family planning extension workers after the transfer of employment status. This study used a mixed-method approach by taking locations in Trenggalek, Ponorogo, and Tuban. The research variables include the characteristics of the family planning instructor, the characteristics of operational policies, operational mechanisms, and the performance of the PKB. The population is family planning extension workers who have experienced a change in employment status as central employees and the sample was selected purposively. Data were obtained through interviews and analyzed descriptively. The operational mechanism for family planning counselors must have legal support. The work plan made by PKB does not fully accommodate the needs of the community. The work targets assigned to PKB could not be achieved because they were too high, the quality of PKB was low, the age factor, and PKB’s administrative busyness. The lack of PKB performance shows that PKB’s performance is not optimal even though it has received performance allowances. Since the change in employment status, the cooperation between family planning counselors and midwives has changed in certain areas, resulting in reduced achievement of family planning programs. Therefore, capacity building and technical assistance are needed for PKB to spur the achievement of PPM performance targets optimally.&#x0D; Keywords: performance, “penyuluh KB”, status transfer, staffing

Application of machine learning techniques to profile smoking behavior of adolescent girls in Ghana

Background Tobacco use trends among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries, and in particular narrowing gender gaps, highlight the need for interventions to prevent and/or reduce tobacco use among adolescent girls. We evaluated a social marketing program in Ghana discouraging tobacco use among adolescent girls and additionally investigated the pathways influencing smoking behaviors to identify programmatic opportunities for impact. Leveraging the data collected through the stepped wedge cluster randomized trial and panel survey of 9000 girls aged 13–19 , we sought to apply machine learning (ML) techniques to identify the most important variables for predicting initiation of smoking. Methods To identify predictors of smoking initiation we sought to develop a model which could accurately differentiate smokers from non-smokers and evaluated various ML approaches for training classifier algorithms to achieve this. We selected a Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) because it optimized the recall and precision of the model. We then utilized the technique of feature importance for greater insight into how the model arrived at its decisions and to rank the most important variables for predicting smokers. To explore different dimensions of smoking behavior, including initiation and continuation, we trained our model by using several combinations of target outcomes and input variables from the panel survey. Results The resulting features of smokers highlight the importance of girls’ independence and connectivity, social environment, and peer influence on likelihood of smoking, and in particular subsequent initiation. These results were largely consistent with our formative research findings based on qualitative interviews informed by behavioral science. Conclusions This novel application of ML techniques demonstrates how data science approaches can generate new programmatic insights from rigorous evaluation data, especially when data collection is informed by behavioral theory. Such insights about the relative importance of different features can be valuable input for program planning and outreach.

Analysis of the Use of Family Information System Applications for Family Planning Counselors in West Sumbawa Regency

The objectives of this research are: 1. To determine the development of the Family Planning (KB) Program in West Sumbawa Regency. 2. To analyze the effect of using the Family Information System application on the quality of Family Planning (KB) extension services in West Sumbawa Regency. This research uses a mix of methods, namely quantitative methodology using infere statistical analysis and qualitative methods using descriptive methods, where this research was conducted to fully or clearly describe the Family Information System Application Innovation for Family Planning Counselors in West Sumbawa Regency. There are generally two types of data, namely quantitative data and qualitative data which will be explained below. The author uses quantitative and qualitative data in carrying out this analysis. Data sources are all forms of information in the form of data. The population in this study were Family Field Officers (PLKB) or Extension Officers spread across 8 (eight) Districts of West Sumbawa Regency. In this study, the sample was 1 (one) person who was responsible as a Family Information System (SIGA) officer at the Family Planning Extension Office (PKB) in 8 (eight) sub-districts. Data collection procedures in research are documentation, questionnaires, interviews and observation. The research results show that the problem of delays in the distribution of monthly reports is a top priority to be resolved. In order for the distribution of this monthly report to run smoothly, the following steps need to be taken: education for data collection officers in villages and sub-districts about the importance of monthly reports being sent on time to districts so that PKB and District Data Managers can report to BKKBN on time, there needs to be supervision the process of sending monthly reports starts from the village, sub-district and district levels so that if problems occur they can be handled immediately, and increasing the number of data collection officers and data managers so that the data collection process can be carried out quickly so that monthly reports can be sent on time. Conclusion on the criteria for data management using the optimal SIGA application. The flow of data and reports from villages, sub-districts, districts and the center or vice versa can run on time and there are no data errors. Data processing officers understand how to use the SIGA application. Suggestions include: In order for the distribution of monthly reports to run optimally, support from data processing officers, internet networks and SIGA servers is needed, SIGA application data is valid, data checking, maintenance and backup processes are needed, efforts can be made to optimize data management using applications SIGA. Addition of data collectors and data managers who have an IT educational background. Periodic SIGA application training for data processing officers, the integration process of three subsystems, namely contraceptive services, field control and family data collection and SIGA application development must be completed immediately and increase the capacity and speed of the SIGA Server and increase internet connection bandwidth

Leadership Programs And Models AT SMP Negeri 31 Medan

Education is a process of learning, skills and routines of a group of people that are inherited from one offspring to the next which is usually obtained through the teaching process. Leadership is the influence generated between individuals, which is carried out under certain circumstances and directed through the process of communication to achieve certain goals. In the world of education, the role of these leaders is needed in school stakeholders (teachers / staff, employees, students, and school residents). In the context of the leadership program at SMPN 31 Medan, there are challenges when developing leadership initiatives. For example, out of 10 programs submitted to the agency, sometimes these programs do not match or even exceed the plans that have been made, caused by the sudden need to create new programs such as teacher training for the independent curriculum, and so on. The purpose of this study explores the program and leadership model in SMP Negeri 31 Medan. Research methods involve observation, interviews, and analysis, documentation to understand the implementation of educational programs and leadership strategies in such schools. The respondents of this study consisted of the vice principal, a teacher and two students. The results of this study show that the leadership program and model at SMPN 31 Medan has been carried out, this is shown by changes when representatives and principals after carrying out their leadership through planning and reserve programs face every challenge that comes. Next, Leadership of teacher performance has demonstrated effective leadership of teacher performance. This is shown by constructive feedback in accordance with the direction of leadership, namely the principal often directs teachers in a good way also often gives constructive suggestions and this is responded well by teachers. And, Leadership towards students at SMPN 31 Medan has characteristics and provides positive change. It is shown that students obey and obey the rules of the school and the sense of fairness felt by students because no individuals are found to be treated specifically or deliberately ignored.