Planning Program Research Articles

Variability in public health programming and priorities to address health inequities across public health units in Ontario, Canada.

In 2018, Ontario Public Health Standards were updated to include the foundational Health Equity Standard to guide planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health programs and services. Public health units (PHUs), the regional public health bodies, are now required to address health equity through four requirements: (a) Assessing and Reporting; (b) Modifying and Orienting Public Health Interventions; (c) Engaging in Multi-sectoral Collaboration; and (d) Health Equity Analysis, Policy Development, and Advancing Healthy Public Policies. This qualitative descriptive study explored how the 27 participating PHUs (out of 34) serving urban (N = 10), mixed urban-rural (N = 15), and rural (N = 9) populations addressed the Health Equity Standard. Using document analysis, we inductively and deductively coded the content of 68 PHU Annual Service Plan and Budget Submissions from a 3-year period (2018-2020) received from the 27 PHUs. Emergent categories were organized into the four requirements and one additional emergent theme: Organizational Implementation of Health Equity. The approaches of embedding health equity into PHUs' activities varied across groups. Urban PHUs presented more diverse strategies, including working with a larger number of organizations, and participating in academic research projects. We found more process standardization and greater discussion of capacity building in urban and mixed urban-rural PHUs. Rural PHUs strategically addressed the needs of their diverse populations through relationship building with Indigenous communities. Findings suggest broad implementation of health equity approaches in public health independent of PHUs' geographic size and population dispersion, though strategies and key challenges differ across units.

Accelerated demographic and economic transition calls for resolute socioeconomic policies

Population management seemed to have gotten underway quite well in 1970. But no sooner had the program gained traction than the Roman Catholic hierarchy and conservative groups voiced their strong opposition to family planning, which President Marcos, Sr. accommodated for political expediency. Thus, with a failed family planning program, declining fertility – a necessary condition for demographic transition towards faster economic growth, higher employment, and poverty reduction could not be achieved. A hugely missed opportunity graphically illustrated when comparing the Philippines and Thailand in particular, which had virtually identical key demographic-economic indicators in 1970 but drastically diverged by 2020. Apparently, the former ‘sowed the wind and is reaping the whirlwind’ – a cogent motivation moving forward for overcoming failures and balancing population and the economy better by adopting judiciously chosen policy options.

Youth empowerment in tobacco control: community-based participatory research in rural Indonesia

PurposeThis paper describes the planning and implementation program of Remaja Berdaya Sehat Tanpa Rokok (JayaStar) or Empower Youth Healthy without Smoking (EYHWS). This is a pilot tobacco control program for smoking behavior with a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach in a rural area of Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThis research used the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method. The paper would describe three stages of the JayaStar program that started from diagnosis, planning action and taking action. Participants in this research were all youths aged 17–25 years including as many as 33 people. The key informants were the village head, the hamlet head, the hamlet head’s wife, the youth leader, health promotion officers at the Pleret Health Center and the Health Promotion Section of the Bantul Health Office.FindingsThe determinants of the youth empowerment process are divided into (1) predisposing factors, (2) group structure and (3) group climate. It has an important role in the success of the youth empowerment process in smoking behavior control. The implementation of the JayaStar program consisted of (1) outbound, and training with the theme of increasing self-potential; (2) training on the impact of cigarettes/vapors on the health of youths; (3) discussion and practice of making health campaign videos; (4) parenting program with the theme of the important role of parents in creating a healthy and superior young generation; (5) declaration and inauguration of JayaStar volunteers.Originality/valueThis research is an example of a successful community-based youth project that resulted in a demonstrable positive outcome. It demonstrates the importance of good relations between stakeholders. The JayaStar movement could be a potential model for youth empowerment projects to control smoking behavior among future generations in Indonesia.

Expanding the Global Capacity for Childhood Cancer Registration: The ChildGICR Masterclass.

One determinant of the paucity of data on childhood cancer in low- and middle-income countries is the lack of capacity to register these cases. Combining expertise of the Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development (GICR) and St Jude Global, we developed a ChildGICR educational program to promote data production. We first conducted a needs assessment to identify priority educational topics. Then, we designed the ChildGICR Masterclass, in which individuals with the potential to lead pediatric cancer registration were supported to prepare standard educational material. The outcomes were evaluated using qualitative and quantitative measures. On the basis of indications by 38 GICR collaborators, we identified seven topics relevant to childhood cancer: burden description, registration principles, tumor classification, tumor staging, data quality control, data analysis, and data use. The ChildGICR Masterclass was held online in 2021 over 12 weeks. The 22 nominated participants created presentations in working groups and during live sessions. They also designed future training courses tailored to the needs of their region. Nineteen participants viewed the course experience as excellent, and 20 would continue engagement in the ChildGICR training activities. The developed material was 89% useful according to the faculty of the three online end courses, taught to 88 participants in 16 countries in 2022 and 2023. Among the 75 responding participants, 72 agreed that the learning objectives were attained and 60 were keen to engage in childhood cancer registration activities. The ChildGICR Masterclass participants laid the foundation for a network of trainers. Knowledge dissemination in childhood cancer registration is the first necessary step toward evidence-based cancer control. The ChildGICR Masterclass can serve as a model to design, plan, and implement educational programs for health care professionals.

TEMPORARY REMOVAL: Drivers of Anemia Reduction among Women of Reproductive Age in Senegal: A Country Case Study

BackgroundIn Senegal, anemia prevalence among women of reproductive age (WRA) decreased from 59% in 2005 to 54% in 2017. However, determinants of reduction in disease burden under challenging public health conditions have not been studied. ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic in-depth assessment of the quantitative and qualitative determinants of anemia reduction among WRA in Senegal between 2005 and 2017. MethodsStandard Exemplars in Global Health methodology was used for quantitative analyses using Senegal’s Demographic and Health Surveys. Qualitative analyses included a systematic literature review, program/policy analysis, and interviews with key stakeholders. A final Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis (OBDA) evaluated the relative contribution of direct and indirect factors. ResultsAmong non-pregnant women (NPW), mean hemoglobin (Hb) increased from 11.4 g/dL in 2005 to 11.7 g/dL in 2017 (p<0.0001), corresponding to a 5%-point decline in anemia prevalence (58% to 53%). However, inequities by geographical region, household wealth, women’s educational attainment, urban compared to rural residence, and antenatal care (ANC) during last pregnancy continue to persist. During this time period, several indirect nutrition programs were implemented, with stakeholders acknowledging the importance of these programs, but agreeing there needs to be more consistency, evaluation, and oversight for them to be effective. Our OBDA explained 59% of the observed change in mean Hb, with family planning (25%), malaria prevention programs (17%), use of iron and folic acid (IFA) during last pregnancy (17%), and improvement in women’s empowerment (12%) emerging as drivers of anemia decline, corroborating our qualitative and policy analyses. ConclusionsDespite a reduction in anemia prevalence, anemia remains a severe public health problem in Senegal. To protect the gains achieved to date, as well as accelerate reduction in WRA anemia burden, focused efforts to reduce gender and social disparities, and improve coverage of health services, such as family planning, IFA, and antimalarial programs, are needed.

Genetic diversity of Apis melliferacomplementary sex determiner (csd) in four Australian breeding populations

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) breeding has intensified as populations experience increasing stress and pollination demand increases. Breeding programmes risk genetic diversity losses as mating is focused on a small group of individuals. Loss of diversity at the complementary sex determiner (csd) locus results in decreased viability and reduced honey production. Bees that are homozygous at csd become inviable males rather than workers. We examined csd diversity in four Australian breeding populations: a queen bee breeder from New South Wales, another from Queensland, a Western Australian breeding programme involving 11 bee breeders, and a research population at the NSW Department of Primary Industries. We found 82 unique csd alleles across the four populations, 16 of which have not been previously reported. This study provides a snapshot of csd diversity in Australia which will be useful for the national honey bee genetic improvement programme (Plan Bee).

Is Indirect Taxes Bad for the Poor? Examining the Determinants of Poverty in Pakistan

This study investigates the determinants of poverty in Pakistan from 1985 to 2023, focusing on unemployment, inflation, indirect taxes, secondary school enrollment, and total population as key variables. Employing the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, the analysis finds that while many variables exhibit non-stationary behavior at levels, they become stationary at first difference, ensuring the reliability of time series analysis. The ARDL Bounds Analysis confirms the significant relationship between poverty and its predictors, indicating that changes in these variables markedly impact poverty levels. The estimated long-run and short-run results highlight the significant roles of inflation, secondary school enrollment, total population, and unemployment in influencing poverty, with diagnostic tests affirming the model's robustness. The study underscores the positive relationship between secondary school enrollment and poverty reduction, advocating for increased investment in education. The analysis reveals that indirect taxes do not significantly impact poverty levels, yet suggests a review of the tax structure to ensure it does not disproportionately burden low-income households. A progressive tax system could aid in wealth redistribution and support poverty reduction efforts. The positive correlation between total population and poverty levels indicates that rapid population growth strains resources and infrastructure, highlighting the need for effective population management strategies, including family planning programs and investments in healthcare and education. Unemployment's significant impact on poverty calls for targeted interventions to create job opportunities. Policymakers should promote economic diversification, support SMEs, and implement active labor market policies such as job training and placement programs. While higher inflation rates are associated with lower poverty levels in this analysis, maintaining inflation within a manageable range is crucial to avoid eroding purchasing power and harming economic stability. The study advocates for continuous and comprehensive data collection to enable timely and evidence-based interventions, enhancing the effectiveness of poverty reduction strategies. Prioritizing inclusive economic growth, fostering an environment conducive to investment, innovation, and entrepreneurship can create jobs and reduce poverty, ultimately supporting sustainable socio-economic development.

A Study of Retirement Preparedness among Malaysian Female Millennials

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of financial literacy, financial stress, financial management practices, saving behaviour, household size and income adequacy, on Malaysian female millennials’ retirement preparedness. A total of 268 questionnaires were self-administered and collected from Malaysian female millennials residing and working in the Klang Valley aged between 26 to 41 years old using a purposive stratified sampling method. Regression analyses were performed using SPSS software to determine the influence of variables investigated on retirement preparedness. Findings indicate that financial literacy level (β = 0.154, t-statistic = 2.669), financial stress level (β = 0.108, t-statistic = 2.207), saving behaviour (β = 0.281, t-statistic = 5.713) and household size (β = 0.242, t-statistic = 2.616), have significant positive effects on retirement preparedness. Income adequacy (β = – 0.298, t-statistic = – 2.595) on the other hand, is significantly and negatively associated with retirement preparedness, while financial management practices are found to have no influence. This study contributes to extant literature by examining the increasingly significant segment of the working population in our country. Hence, our findings should provide more insights to interested stakeholders in designing new or improving existing financial planning programs or mechanisms, particularly those related to retirement to better promote sound retirement planning among Malaysian female millennials.

Analysis of Education for All Program Plan in Educational Policies of Pakistan (1990-2020)

Analysis of Education for All Program Plan in Educational Policies of Pakistan (1990-2020)

Pemanfaatan Digital Marketing Untuk Peningkatan Potensi Pariwisata Desa Kaduela Kuningan-Jawa Barat

This activity aims to provide skills in creating digital marketing and knowledge regarding tips for creating sentences for content in digital marketing to attract more tourists to visit Kaduela village. The targets for assistance in creating digital marketing include homestay owners, tourism actors who want to create tour packages, village youth who want to be skilled at creating exciting content, and village officials who market the tourism potential of Kaduela Kuningan village, West Java. The implementation method involves analyzing community needs, program planning, preparing training materials, interactive training with a practical approach, field practice, and mentoring and evaluation carried out by instructors during and after this activity. Participants are given an in-depth understanding of digital marketing, including websites, social media, email marketing, and SEO, which is vital for tourism businesses. They also receive practical training in creating attractive websites, optimizing social media content, and using Google Ads. Discussions between participants and activity resource persons build supportive communities in villages, which is essential for the growth and adaptation of the tourism industry. This activity strengthens the capacity and competitiveness of tourism actors in Kaduela Village through education, training, and collaboration. Keywords: digital marketing, tourism potential

학생의 진로 유형별 비교과 프로그램 개선 방안 연구

학생의 진로 유형별 비교과 프로그램 개선 방안 연구

Efektivitas Perencanaan dan Realisasi Program Penyediaan Air Minum dan Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat (Pamsimas) di Desa Kemang Indah, Kabupaten Kampar

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of planning and implementation of PAMSIMAS programs in Kemang Indah Village, Kampar District. Qualitative data is collected through in-depth interviews with informants, participatory observations, and focus group discussions. The research results show that the PAMSIMAS program in Kemang Indah Village has realized and improved access to drinking water and sanitation. Most villagers now have access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation. The PAMSIMAS program in Kemang Indah Village has effectively improved access to drinking water and sanitation.

Reducing disparities in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism

BackgroundHyperparathyroidism is common with African American patients historically experiencing disparate outcomes. With a comprehensive outreach program and systematic treatment plans, we sought to evaluate our institution's ability to reduce disparities in hyperparathyroidism. MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data at a single medical center for all patients undergoing parathyroidectomy by endocrine surgeons from 2015 to 2021 for primary (PHPT) and tertiary (THPT) hyperparathyroidism. Patient demographics, pre-and post-operative clinical and biochemical data were collected and analyzed by race. ResultsOf the 757 patients included, 675 patients had PHPT with 135 (20 %) African-American (AA) and 528(78 %) female. Of 82 patients with THPT, 44 (53 %) were AA and 34 (32 %) were female. AA patients were younger than Caucasian (CA) patients with a mean age (±SD) of 56 ± 15 vs 60 ± 14 years in PHPT (p < 0.01) and 50 ± 10 vs 55 ± 10 years in THPT (p = 0.02).Median (IQR) preoperative PTH was higher in AA with PHPT 134 (97–190) vs 102 (75–144) pg/mL (p < 0.01) and in AA with THPT 285 (189–544) vs 218 (145–293) (p = 0.01) pg/mL. AA PHPT patients had significantly higher preoperative mean (±SD) calcium levels 10.9 ± 0.8 vs 10.6 ± 0.8 mg/dL(p < 0.001). Biochemical cure rates at 6 months and complication rates were not different between races. ConclusionsAA patients with PHPT and THPT disease experienced similar cure rates to their CA counterparts despite having a more severe biochemical disease. Health care disparities may be ameliorated with treatment by high volume surgeons embedded in a comprehensive health care system.

Urban Heat Island Spatial Model for Climate Village Program Planning

Urban Heat Island Spatial Model for Climate Village Program Planning

Development and Utilization of Mini Herba Park (Family Medicinal Plant Education Park) as The Instructional Media of Students in RA Miftahul Ulum Arjasa, Jember, East Java

Mini Herba Park (Family Medicinal Plant Education Park) is a program to develop a Toga (Family Medicinal Plant) garden which is used as a learning medium for students at RA Miftahul Ulum. This community service aims to introduce and utilize Toga Park as a instructional media. Methods for implementing this program include conducting initial site surveys and interviews, making program plans, planning learning media and teacher modules, preparing the Mini Herba Park in the form of a place, tools and materials needed as well as other needs, carrying out learning and finally carrying out monitoring and evaluation. The results of this program include a Toga educational park in the school environtment, learning media in the form of accompanying books for teachers and students who have registered with HKI.

Evaluation of internship program Kampus Merdeka in the community-based total sanitation facilitator field at community health center Dr. Soetomo

The MSIB Kampus Merdeka program is a program that plays a role in bridging and securing the availability of quality talent for national industries that need alternative solutions to obtain talent that meets the qualifications and fits the culture of the organization so that they can make a real contribution over a long period. However, in the implementation of the internship program by the Surabaya City Health Office partners in the field of Community-Based Total Sanitation facilitators, there are still discrepancies in several components. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Merdeka Campus Internship program at the Surabaya City Health Office for the Community-Based Total Sanitation Facilitator field. This research is a type of evaluative research with a qualitative descriptive approach using the CIPP Model (Context, Input, Process, Product). Data was obtained through interviews and observations. Data analysis techniques by presenting data in the form of descriptions and verified by concluding. The results of the evaluation based on 4 components show that the content component is not yet appropriate in terms of background and program objectives, the input component is still lacking in human resources and the use of facilities and infrastructure, the process component is in accordance with the specified operating hours and the evaluation of activities carried out is not optimal, the product component is still largely developed due to the limited role of student interns. This study concludes that there are still elements in several components that are evaluated that are still not in accordance with the program plan.

A Study on Human Resource Management and It’s Challenges in India

Every business or profession is faced by unique and newer challenges. The nature, scope and magnitude of these challenges keep changing because of the increasing competition between firms, increased customer expectations and drastic change in customer preferences. Human resources of an organisation consist of all people who perform its activities (Bernardin, 2010). Subsequently, human resource management as part of an organisation must be prepared to deal with upcoming challenges and changing dynamic environment. This means understanding the effects of globalisation, work force diversity, changing skill requirements, Recruitment of new staffs, productivity, health and safety ,the contingent workforce, employee involvement and also technology changes (Decenzo &amp; Robbins, 2007). Nowadays business society is going through a dynamic change due to multiple factors, which affect the industry. The most important of these factors are shift from manufacturing to services, globalization in every industry, changes in technology, automation and artificial intelligence and the worldwide dissemination of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT).How these Issues and challenges affect the organisational behaviour and Human Resource Management is the topic of this paper. An organisation can succeed if it has a sustainable competitive advantage (is better than competitors at something, and can hold that advantage over a sustained period of time). Thus, we can conclude that organisations need the kind of resources that will give them such an advantage. Human Resource responsibilities have become broader and more strategic over time in response to a number of trends. Changes are occurring today that are requiring HR managers to play an increasing central role in managing companies. These changes or trends include globalisation, changes in the nature of work, and technology. Globalisation is increasingly evident in the world .More globalisation means more competition, and more competition means more pressure to lower costs, make employees more productive, and do things better and less expensively. Human Resources play a key role in helping companies meet the challenges of global competition and strategic objectives to lower costs, improve productivity and increase organisational effectiveness (Desseler, Al Riss, 2012). A company’s policy and the HR policies and practices have to go in sync and the management shall be bold enough to bring about an organisational change. Here is when the issues are challenges reform and Human Resource Management finds its existence. In today’s business world, employees are ready to do their best and they also expect the best in return, in terms of rewards, incentives, communication, better healthcare facilities, a stress free work environment, and so A business organisation has to estimate its future manpower needs and adjust its manpower planning and development programmes.

Evaluasi Program Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru (PPDB) Pada Sistem Zonasi Menggunakan Model CIPP di Kabupaten Trenggalek

This study aims to evaluate the New Learner Admission Program (PPDB) in Trenggalek Regency, especially the zoning system, using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) model. The research method used is qualitative research with the research subject as the Head of the Subdivision of Program Planning and Evaluation of the Education, Youth and Sports Office of Trenggalek Regency. Data were analyzed descriptively analytically through interviews and PPDB implementation reports. The evaluation results show that the context of PPDB in Trenggalek Regency includes the determination of zoning areas, the percentage of capacity, and the issuance of technical guidelines. The input evaluation includes the online PPDB application and socialization to stakeholders. The PPDB process involves announcement, registration, selection, and announcement of the determination of students. Meanwhile, product evaluation includes the re-registration process, integration of PPDB data in Dapodik, and reporting on the implementation of PPDB. Comprehensively, the evaluation using the CIPP model provides a comprehensive picture of the effectiveness, efficiency, and fairness of the zoning system implementation in PPDB. The evaluation findings can be used to improve transparency, efficiency, and fairness in the zoning PPDB system in Trenggalek.

A framework and process for community-engaged, mixed-methods cancer needs assessments

PurposeCommunity health needs assessments are required for most state and local public health agencies and non-profit hospitals. Typically based on community health improvement planning models, these assessments encompass overall community health and multiple diseases to inform program planning. National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated Cancer Centers and community-based cancer-focused programs share the goal of reducing cancer burden in the catchment areas they serve. However, to date, no published models exist to guide cancer-specific needs assessments for a determined geographic area that can inform both public health and research initiatives. The purpose of this article is to outline a cancer needs assessment (CNA) framework and community-engaged, mixed-methods process, along with a case study of how we applied it in Kentucky.MethodsWe convened a steering committee of key organizational partners to provide input throughout the process. We developed a conceptual framework of multi-level determinants affecting cancer-related outcomes. We incorporated both quantitative and qualitative data gathered through a variety of means, including a novel application of group concept mapping to guide definition of priorities.ResultsThe resulting CNA has helped guide strategic planning and priorities for Kentucky’s Cancer Action Plan, Markey Cancer Center, state agencies, and community-based organizations.ConclusionThis framework and process can be used collaboratively by cancer center Community Outreach and Engagement offices, public health agencies, oncology programs, and community partners to plan impactful cancer control programs and research in their catchment areas. Universities can also use them to inform the planning of community engagement and health equity research efforts.

Modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among younger and older married youth women in Ethiopia: Evidence from Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019.

Utilization of modern contraceptives increases over time but it was still low and varies across ages among married youth woman. This study revealed the prevalence of modern contraceptives and its associated factors among younger and older married youth women. A cross-sectional study design was applied to the sample of EMDHS 2019. Multilevel logistic regressions were carried out using STATA version 16 to identify the individual and community-level factors of modern contraceptive utilization. Adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered to be significant determinants of modern contraceptive utilization. In the EMDHS 2019, a total of 3290 married women between ages 15 and 34 were included. Among these 1210 (36.7%) and 2080 (63%) women, they were age groups of 15-24 and 25-34 years, respectively. Modern contraceptive utilization among women aged 15-24 and 25-34 years was 54.23% and 52.6%, respectively. Injection is a commonly used modern contraceptive method. In this study, factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization among women aged 15-24 years include women who had primary education [AOR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.02-4.83], who had three or more children in the household [AOR = 14.29; 95% CI: 1.61-126.25], Protestants [AOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.14-0.61], five to seven households [AOR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17-0.69], and region [AOR = 6.98; 95%:2.30-21.16]. On other hand, factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization among women aged 25-34 were women who had one or two under-five children in the household [AOR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.03-2.68] and region [AOR = 3.54; 95%CI: 1.79-6.97]. More than 50% of participants used modern contraceptives in both age groups and, the associated factor of modern contraceptive utilization varied among this age group. Health managers and policymakers need to consider age group, region, educational status, religion, and fertility level in planning of family planning program.