Planning Phase Research Articles

Empowering Educational Autonomy to Implement Kurikulum Merdeka in Madrasah

This study investigated the pivotal role of education management in the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka (KM) within Madrasah institutions. Grounded in Terry's management functions theory, the research discerns both the facilitating factors and obstacles encountered during the curriculum implementation. Employing qualitative methodologies, including interviews with madrasah heads, teachers, and students, alongside curriculum document analysis, the study unfolds crucial insights. The findings underscore the indispensable nature of effective education management across the phases of planning, execution, and evaluation of the KM Supportive elements encompass stakeholder engagement, provision of adequate facilities, and the adoption of flexible learning methodologies. Conversely, significant challenges emerge, such as the imperative for enhanced comprehension of KM and the necessity for gradual readiness in its implementation. This research extends its contribution by delineating actionable strategies to surmount these obstacles, thereby furnishing guidance for madrasahs and other educational institutions in navigating KM implementation. These insights hold promise for enhancing the efficacy of curriculum deployment at the madrasah level, while also paving the way for further exploration within the Indonesian educational landscape.

An interactive method for generating and evaluating urban design alternatives in early design stages

The field of generative design strives to enable the automated generation of multiple suitable urban design alternatives. However, quantitative analysis is typically conducted in the later design stages, when options are limited, and modifications are costly. Generative methods enable the creating of designs that bridge traditional methods, through systematic examination of numerous options during the early design stages. Yet their utilization in architectural practices is limited, partly due to antagonism that stems from the perceived lack of involvement of urban designers in such methods (which often behave like black boxes). The objective of this study was to develop a generative design process that combines rule-based automated algorithmic processes with the active involvement of urban designers, thereby offering a wide range of design alternatives during the planning phase. Additionally, the study aims at ensuring the key involvement of urban designers throughout the design process. The methodology employed in this study is comprised of both quantitative and subjective evaluations that the urban designers can conduct themselves. This result is an interactive process that utilizes generative tools and computerized analytical measures for creating, evaluating, and screening multiple urban design options at the urban neighborhood level, with an emphasis on residents’ well-being, and based on the designers’ preferred parameters. This parametric workflow could assist designers in the early decision-making process and may be integrated into current urban design processes.

Use of pre-operative 3D planning software for revision shoulder arthroplasty: clinical experience data from a survey in a real-world setting

BackgroundPreoperative 3D planning is routinely used in primary shoulder arthroplasty, while specific challenges in the revision setting make such approaches more cumbersome and less accessible. Recently, an established preoperative planning software (Blueprint; Stryker, Tornier SA, Montbonnot-Saint-Martin, France) was expanded to offer a capability for planning of revision and complex primary shoulder arthroplasty cases. The aim of this study was to survey experienced surgeons on their perception of the new software feature for preoperative 3D planning in the setting of revision shoulder arthroplasty. MethodsAn observational survey was conducted from January 2022 to October 2022 among orthopedic surgeons performing revision shoulder arthroplasty cases. The survey was part of the Early Product Surveillance program, with the primary goal of obtaining observational data from surgical experience in a real-world setting. A two-staged survey process was applied with separate questionnaires to seek voluntary feedback on the preoperative planning phase as well as on the intra-operative evaluation of the software planning features in revision shoulder arthroplasty. ResultsTwenty-five fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeons from the USA and Canada participated in the survey and reported their feedback on 34 revision shoulder arthroplasty cases that were preoperatively planned with use of Blueprint revision planning software. The surgeons were largely in favor of the revision software planning features and confirmed perceived benefits of its use in the preoperative planning stage of revision shoulder arthroplasty cases. Reported benefits in the preoperative planning phase included increased efficiency and improved ease of creating an appropriate surgical plan, as well as increased confidence to execute revision shoulder arthroplasty cases. Surgeons also noted improvements in translation of preoperative planning to intra-operative execution of revision cases, including more appropriate implant selection and improved accuracy of implant placement. ConclusionThe feedback from fellowship-trained shoulder arthroplasty surgeons on the use of the new software feature for preoperative 3D planning of revision shoulder arthroplasty is largely favorable. Further research should be conducted to investigate whether these surgeon-perceived benefits can lead to improved clinical outcomes for patients.

An iterative two-phase optimization method for heterogeneous multi-drone routing problem considering differentiated demands

Owing to low cost, high flexibility and delivery efficiency, effectively addressing the challenges of “last-mile” delivery. While collaborative truck-drone delivery systems have been proposed to overcome limitations such as limited battery life and payload capacity, they are not well-suited for large and heavy parcel delivery. To solve the issue, a pioneering heterogeneous multi-drone delivery system. In this system, the mother drone handles the delivery of large and heavy parcels, releasing small drones to manage the delivery of smaller and lighter parcels. To address the complexities of this multi-drone delivery system, we introduce a divide-and-conquer framework consisting of two integral phases. The first phase, the task allocation phase, generates multiple task allocation schemes, while the second phase, the single-drone route planning phase, produces high-quality routes for each individual drone. Two phases are performed in an iterative manner until the predefined stopping criteria are satisfied. In the task allocation phase, we propose a simulated annealing algorithm (SA) to facilitate task allocation among multiple drones, utilizing transfer and recombination operators to generate high-quality solutions. After obtaining the task allocation scheme, a satisfactory route of a mother drone is generated by a variable neighborhood descent algorithm (VND). A desirable route for each single small drone is produced by dynamic programming (DP).Extensive experiments are conducted, demonstrating the outstanding optimization and time efficiency of the proposed two-phase optimization method by the fact that it obtains within a 4.89% gap from the optimal solution generated by CPLEX in 15.48 s for instance up to 125 nodes.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Lagu Anak-Anak Terhadap Peningkatan Kosakata Bahasa Inggris Siswa Kelas 1 SD

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of children's songs in increasing English vocabulary for grade 1 elementary school students. With the classroom action research method (PTK), this study was conducted in three cycles which included the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection phase. The research subjects were 13 students in grade 1 in SD Negeri 067097, Medan Barat District, Medan City. Data is collected through observation and documentation studies. The results showed that the use of children's songs in learning English had a positive impact on increasing student vocabulary. The percentage of learning completeness increased significantly from pre-cycle (33.33%), cycle I (53.84%), to cycle II (69.22%). In addition, this method also increases student motivation and interest in learning, providing a fun learning alternative, and helping teachers in improving the quality of teaching. This study contributed a positive to the practice of teaching English at the basic level by utilizing media close to the world of children, such as songs.

Economic Feasibility Analysis of Investment in International Circuit Development in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ)

The Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) has been planned from the start to build facilities and infrastructure by creating a management concept set out in the main plan for the area with the theme of eco green tourism. One of the developments that has been developed in the Mandalika SEZ is the Mandalika International Circuit. The construction of the Mandalika Circuit certainly provides many positive aspects, especially in the local economic sector. The impact of Covid-19 in the Mandalika SEZ could trigger a decline in the tourist market. The circuit as a symbol of the Mandalika SEZ was also affected by Covid-19, this resulted in a reduction in visitors to events at the Mandalika International Circuit. So an in-depth analysis is needed regarding the changes that have occurred as a result of Covid-19, especially in the financial aspect. For feasibility from the financial aspect, cash flow calculations are used with investment feasibility parameters, namely; NPV (Net Present Value), BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), and PP (Payback Period). From the analysis of the financial aspects, the NVP value was obtained with an interest rate of 8.75% per year, in the initial planning phase the value was obtained at IDR 202,628,841,832,- in 2035, then during the operational phase the NVP result was IDR 14,497,533,652,- in 2041, and the NPV multiplier effect is IDR 552,401,765,515 in 2041. The BCR value in the initial planning phase is 1.112 in 2035. During the operational phase the BCR value is 1.008 and in the phase due to the impact of the multiplier effect it is obtained The BCR value is 1.304 in 2041. The IRR value in the initial planning phase was 13.96% in 2035. In the operational phase the IRR was 12.56% and the IRR due to the impact of the multiplier effect was 14.43% in 2041 . The PP value for the initial planning phase is obtained over 8 years. Meanwhile, in the operational phase, PP was obtained for 11 years and PP due to the impact of the multiplier effect was obtained for 9 years. The Mandalika International Circuit project was declared feasible based on analysis data that had been carried out in the operational phase and due to the impact of the multiplier effect, even though it took longer than the initial planning phase.

Multilayer restoration in IP-Optical networks by adjustable robust optimization and deep reinforcement learning

Today, IP-Optical networks apply IP restoration as the default strategy to recover IP traffic from optical failures. This strategy has been preferred over optical restoration as it circumvents the lengthy delays involved in the reconfiguration of the optical layer. Although fast, IP restoration requires the overprovisioning of costly capacity to cope with optical failures. The advent of software-defined optical networking enables a changeover towards more efficient methods that integrate IP-Optical restoration. These methods should not only restore traffic from failures considered in the planning phase, but they should also efficiently restore traffic from unforeseen failures. This paper studies this problem by investigating optimization algorithms for capacity planning and multilayer restoration based on the theory of adjustable robust optimization (ARO). The approach performs offline optimization of the capacities of IP links as well as the routing and capacities of IP tunnels in both failure-free mode of operation and in a foreseen set of optical failures. Besides, the approach optimizes an affine policy that is applied online to recover IP traffic from unforeseen failures, thereby providing robustness to optical failures not regarded in the planning phase. To overcome the limitations of the affine policy, an alternative robust algorithm is formulated based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and graph neural networks (GNNs). By training a DRL-GNN agent, the performance of the restoration process is improved by further minimizing the traffic losses when unforeseen optical failures occur. Results in selected scenarios show that the algorithms outperform IP restoration in terms of capacity requirements, while minimizing the traffic losses in the case of failures. Moreover, the DRL-GNN method significantly improves the ARO-based affine algorithm, which shows the capability of learning the complex relationship between the capacity impairments caused by optical failures and the routing strategy required to restore IP traffic.

Peningkatan Kreativitas Anak Di Panti Asuhan Bala Keselamatan (Salvation Army) Dengan Menggunakan Metode Casework

The purpose of this study is to improve the children's creativity at the Salvation Army Orphanage by using casework procedures. One tactic to stress problem solutions through organized and systematic social interventions is the casework technique. Children who took part in the program shown gains in their ability to think creatively, express themselves, and solve problems. Youngsters who had a natural desire to work and greater self-confidence also benefited. This journal's goal is to foster the imaginations and inventiveness of the kids at the Salvation Army Orphanage through the application of casework techniques, which span the engagement, intake, contract, assessment, planning, intervention, monitoring, evaluation, and termination phases.

Factors Influencing Implementation of the Commission on Cancer’s Breast Synoptic Operative Report (Alliance A20_Pilot9)

BackgroundThe technical aspects of cancer surgery have a significant impact on patient outcomes. To monitor surgical quality, in 2020, the Commission on Cancer (CoC) revised its accreditation standards for cancer surgery and introduced the synoptic operative reports (SORs). The standardization of SORs holds promise, but successful implementation requires strategies to address key implementation barriers. This study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to implementing breast SOR within diverse CoC-accredited programs.MethodsIn-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 health care professionals across diverse CoC-accredited sites. The study used two comprehensive implementation frameworks to guide data collection and analysis.ResultsSuccessful SOR implementation was impeded by disrupted workflows, surgeon resistance to change, low prioritization of resources, and poor flow of information despite CoC’s positive reputation. Participants often lacked understanding of the requirements and timeline for breast SOR and were heavily influenced by prior experiences with templates and SOR champion relationships. The perceived lack of monetary benefits (to obtaining CoC accreditation) together with the significant information technology (IT) resource requirements tempered some of the enthusiasm. Additionally, resource constraints and the redirection of personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic were noted as hurdles.ConclusionsSurgeon behavior and workflow change, IT and personnel resources, and communication and networking strategies influenced SOR implementation. During early implementation and the implementation planning phase, the primary focus was on achieving buy-in and initiating successful roll-out rather than effective use or sustainment. These findings have implications for enhancing standardization of surgical cancer care and guidance of future strategies to optimize implementation of CoC accreditation standards.

A Framework for the Administration of Anti-amyloid Monoclonal Antibody Treatments in Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of lecanemab for early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents an exciting new chapter in the management of neurodegenerative disease, but likewise presents numerous clinical, technical, and financial logistical challenges for both academic and non-academic medical institutions hoping to administer this drug. Minimal resources exist that provide guidance for establishing and maintaining a lecanemab treatment program at the institutional level. The current report aims to provide healthcare institutions a framework for the planning, onboarding, and longitudinal treatment of AD with anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody treatments. We present an implementation study involving three stages: (1) feasibility assessment, (2) operations and going live, and (3) monitoring assessment. We found that implementation of lecanemab in clinical practice was feasible due to the assignment of an enterprise-wide project manager to facilitate the planning phase, a cost analysis showing that lecanemab was financially sustainable, and the development of electronic medical record tools to support operational efficiency.

Compact City and Mayoral Entrepreneurship: A Study of Success and Setbacks in Two Japanese Cities

Controlling urban sprawl are the overarching challenges facing cities worldwide. This article delves into the pivotal role of policy entrepreneurship throughout the planning and implementation phases of compact city initiatives. Drawing insights from the experiences of Aomori City and Toyama City in Japan, this study scrutinizes the drivers behind the shift toward urban compactness and its consequent outcomes. The incorporation of policy studies theories into the realm of compact city development has been scant. To bridge this gap, the research leverages process-oriented theories from policy studies to dissect the decision-making processes guiding compact city development in these two pivotal municipalities. Through this investigation, it is revealed that the effective transition to compact urbanization in Japanese municipalities predominantly stems from policy entrepreneurship. The author posits that this achievement is primarily attributed to adept local mayors who possess the acumen to cater to specific local needs.

Strategic interventions for bridging the design-reality gap in property conferment rights: a case study of India’s ambitious initiative

PurposeThis research aims to assess how well the e-governance initiative aligns with its design expectations and on-ground realities for property management to redevelop Delhi, the mega-city of India. Additionally, the study proposes strategic interventions to address any gaps identified, aiming to improve the project’s effectiveness and success.Design/methodology/approachThe research employs a singular exploratory case study methodology to scrutinise the e-governance initiative undertaken by the Government of India to confer property rights. Specifically, the study utilises a qualitative research approach known as design-reality gap (DRG) analysis. The study draws from primary and secondary sources using a mixed-methods data collection strategy. Primary data are gathered through a purposeful and snowball sampling method involving direct engagement with respondents, whilst secondary data are sourced from the project portal.FindingsThe investigation reveals a substantial disparity between the planning and execution phases of e-governance projects. This incongruity predominantly manifests in the domains of process, staffing and skills, as well as objectives and values. The study further finds that strategic collaboration amongst stakeholders and the sustainability of decisions are the most critical factors in ensuring the success of e-governance initiatives and bridging the DRG of e-governance projects.Research limitations/implicationsThis research highlights the complex challenges faced by e-governance projects in technical, human and organisational aspects. The successful implementation and sustainability of these projects require effective strategies to overcome challenges, which management should proactively identify and act on. To improve services, beneficiaries should be encouraged to provide feedback and suggestions, as they play a crucial role in service enhancement. A dynamic feedback loop would be established by creating a two-way interaction between beneficiaries and service providers, leading to iterative service improvement. It is important to note that the study’s findings are more illustrative than conclusive due to the moderate sample size, reflecting its limitations.Originality/valueThe research contributes to the scholarly discourse on e-governance and policy implementation by comprehensively examining the alignment between conceptual design and real-world execution. It also introduces a normalised scale for the DRG framework, mapping its dimensions to deduce specific outcomes. This innovative approach enhances the research’s originality and value, offering insights applicable in both academic and practical domains.

Sustainable long-term production planning of open pit mines: An integrated framework for concurrent economical and environmental optimization

As the global demand for mineral resources continues to rise, the mining industry's environmental impact has garnered increasing attention. Sustainable mining practices demand the incorporation of environmental considerations into every phase of planning and operation. This article addresses the critical need to consider and minimize the negative environmental impacts of the operation in the long-term planning of open pit mines, with a specific focus on mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) and dust emissions. To achieve this, the article suggests an integrated framework that incorporates environmental data obtained from life cycle assessment (LCA) and a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) into the mine planning process. This framework, referred to as LCA-MILP, quantifies the environmental impact of mining activities. The article examines various GHG constraints and economic scenarios. To assess and verify the effectiveness of our proposed LCA-MILP framework, we conducted a case study on an open-pit iron ore mine situated in the Middle East. This article underscores the vital role of harmonizing environmental impact with long-term open-pit mine planning, ultimately fostering a more sustainable and socially responsible mining industry. For example, it was feasible to reduce the GHG emissions for 11.05% while achieving 93.66% of the original NPV. In another instance, the framework was capable of achieving the same NPV as the baseline with a 2% price adjustment (a common policy), while attaining a 5.39% reduction in its environmental impact. These measurable outcomes offer mining managers a comprehension of the compromises and prospects associated with incorporating factors into their long-term mine planning procedure promoting a mining industry that is both sustainable and economically viable.

Research on optimization and improvement method of new energy access grid stability based on transient stability margin index

Abstract This paper focuses on the potential local voltage stability risks and transient stability margin decline in the power grid after the large-scale integration of new energy. Based on the transient stability margin index of the power grid, a method for evaluating and optimizing the transient stability margin after the integration of wind power into the power grid is proposed. This paper provides guidance for the grid connection points and voltage level determination of the wind power access system during the planning phase, as well as the configuration of reactive power compensation devices such as SVGs.

Validação transcultural da ImpRes-Tool-BR: uma ferramenta para desenvolvimento de projetos e pesquisas de implementação

ABSTRACT This study aims to present the results of the translation, cross-cultural validation and preliminary evaluation of a tool, originally developed in the United Kingdom, to guide Brazilian researchers in the elaboration of projects and rigorous and high-quality implementation research: ImpRes-BR. Following currently established good practices for cross-cultural validation of instruments and scales, the tool, together with its user guide, was translated and back-translated, subjected to a pilot test with 20 health professionals and evaluated by a panel of 10 specialists who assigned the values used for the calculations of the Content Validity Index at the item level (CVI-I) and scale (CVI-E). In this process, in addition to conceptual validity indices greater than 90%, an IVC-I of at least 0.90 was observed in all domains of the tool and its guide, and an IVC-E of 0.98. Having established the validity of the tool and its guide, it was applied in 14 research projects in the planning or execution phase and was recognized as a powerful instrument for self-analysis of the teams in the qualification of their projects and strengthening them in relation to the principles of the Implementation Science.

Multi-model approach for wind resource assessment

This study presents a multi-model approach for wind resource assessment of a wind farm affected by external wakes. The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF), a mesoscale model, is employed to simulate external wind farm wakes, while the Farm Optimization and eXtended yield Evaluation Software (FOXES), an engineering model, is used to simulate the wind farm of interest. This hybrid approach addresses the limitation of both models, mainly the lack of layout effects in mesoscale models and the poor representation of cluster wakes in engineering models. A case study, focusing on the Kaskasi wind farm in the Heligoland cluster, shows that the WRF model predicts larger wake losses compared to FOXES, with the multi-model approach yielding intermediate results. Systematic differences are found as a function of wind speed and seasonality, while the models behave differently as a function of turbulence intensity. The external wake effect was clearly identified for one wind direction sector in WRF and the multi-model approach, while FOXES failed to represent this. The proposed methodology does not only enhance classic resource assessment, but also facilitates efficient layout optimization using cluster waked inflow and allows for wind farm control studies, contributing to both planning and operational phases of wind farm management.

Clarifying Causal Effects of Interest and Underlying Assumptions in Randomized and Nonrandomized Clinical Trials in Oncology Using Directed Acyclic Graphs and Single-World Intervention Graphs.

Recent clinical trials in oncology have used increasingly complex methodologies, such as causal inference methods for intercurrent events, external control, and covariate adjustment, posing challenges in clarifying the estimand and underlying assumptions. This article proposes expressing causal structures using graphical tools-directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and single-world intervention graphs (SWIGs)-in the planning phase of a clinical trial. It presents five rules for selecting a sufficient set of adjustment variables on the basis of a diagram representing the clinical trial, along with three case studies of randomized and single-arm trials and a brief tutorial on DAG and SWIG. Through the case studies, DAGs appear effective in clarifying assumptions for identifying causal effects, although SWIGs should complement DAGs due to their limitations in the presence of intercurrent events in oncology research.

A multimodal approach to predict prosthesis-patient mismatch in patients undergoing valve-in-valve trans-catheter aortic valve implantation

AimsThe valve-in-valve transcatheter-aortic-valve-implantation (VIV-TAVI) represents an emerging procedure for the treatment of degenerated aortic bio-prostheses, and the occurrence of patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) after VIV-TAVI might affect its clinical efficacy. This study aimed to test a multimodal imaging approach to predict PPM risk during the TAVI planning phase and assess its clinical predictivity in VIV-TAVI procedures. MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing VIV-TAVI procedures at our Institution over 6 years were screened and those treated by self-expandable supra-annular valves were selected. The effective orifice area (EOA) was calculated with a hybrid Gorlin equation combining echocardiographic data with invasive hemodynamic assessment. Severe PPM was defined according to such original multimodality assessment as EOAi≤0.65 cm2/m2 (if BMI < 30 kg/m2) or < 0.55 cm2/m2 (if BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality and valve-related re-hospitalization during the clinical follow-up. ResultsA total of 40 VIV-TAVI was included in the analysis. According to the pre-specified multimodal imaging modality assessment, 18 patients (45.0 %) had severe PPM. Among all baseline clinical and anatomical characteristics, estimated glomerular filtration rate before VIV-TAVI (OR 0.872, 95%CI[0.765–0.994],p = 0.040), the echocardiographic pre-procedural ≥moderate AR (OR 0.023, 95%CI[0.001–0.964],p = 0.048), the MSCT-derived effective internal area (OR 0.958, 95%CI[0.919–0.999],p = 0.046) and the implantation depth (OR 2.050, 95%CI[1.028–4.086],p = 0.041) resulted as independent predictors of severe PPM at multivariable logistic analysis. At a mean follow-up of 630 days, patients with severe PPM showed a higher incidence of the primary endpoint (9.1%vs.44.4 %;p = 0.023). ConclusionIn VIV-TAVI using self-expandable supra-annular valves, a multimodal imaging approach might improve clinical outcome predicting severe PPM occurrence.

Developing a cost estimation model for efficient road improvement planning: A case study in Aceh Jaya regency

Abstract Estimation is a method used to predict financial requirements by analyzing, calculating, and engineering based on field conditions and bidding documents. To enhance efficiency, there is a pressing need for a simple, swift, accurate cost estimation model. Therefore, this study aimed to establish cost estimation model at the initial planning phase of construction work and to assess its accuracy in estimating cost for road improvement using cost significant model (CSM) compared to actual expenses. The fundamental objective was to facilitate the execution of construction work, ensuring the successful completion. Data collection occurred at the (PUPR) in Aceh Jaya Regency, consisting of 25 contracts for road improvement work spanning from 2018 to 2022. The data included the execution year, road area, total variable cost (y), and the categorization of work item as independent variables (xn). Subsequently, the work data was transformed into data per square meter (m2) for each work item by dividing each independent variable by the area of road improvement work. This showed the cost/m2 for each work item (xn) and the total cost (y)/m2. Annual inflation data was obtained from (BPS) of Aceh province used for calculation projection year. The identification of cost-significant item variables occurred after organizing the data according to work item, adjusting the work cost for the execution year and the work-year cost while considering inflation factor. Additionally, it was observed that 3 most expensive work items represented 80% work item had a substantial impact on the total cost. Classic assumption tests were conducted to confirm the suitability of data for further analysis. The analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression, resulting in a model with y = 69850.515 + 0.879(x4) + 1.085(x5) + 1.221(x7). When cost significant model estimates were compared to the actual total cost of road improvement in Aceh Jaya, the accuracy ranged from +17.46% to -19.30%, which was consistent with Class 3 classification of (AACE) International standards.This classification was suitable for semi-detailed cost estimation in the conceptual phase.

Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dalam Meningkatkan Pencapaian dan Keaktifan Para Pelajar Kelas VIII SMPN 172 Jakarta

The objective of this research is to assess the effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in enhancing students achievement and active participation in Grade VIII at SMP Negeri 172 Jakarta in the Social Studies subject. This research is based on the importance of preparing students for the challenges of the 21st century, which require critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills. The method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) with 35 students from class VIII-3 as participants. There are two cycles in this study, consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection phases. In the first cycle, although PBL was implemented, only 43% of students scored above the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKM) of 80, with an average score of 71. Additionally, their activeness in asking questions, answering, expressing opinions, and solving problems was still low. Reflection indicated that students needed time to adapt to PBL and required more motivation from the teacher. In the second cycle, after improvements were made, there was a significant increase. As many as 89% of students scored above the KKM of 80, with an average score of 88. Student activeness also increased with more active participation in class activities. This shows that students better understood and adapted to the PBL model and received better encouragement from the teacher. In conclusion, the implementation of the PBL model is effective in improving students achievement and active participation in the Social Studies subject at SMP Negeri 172 Jakarta. This is evidenced by the significant increase in students average scores and their active participation in learning. The PBL model is capable of stimulating students critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills, as well as enhancing their engagement in learning, creating a more conducive and efficient environment for achieving educational goals.