Planning Phase Research Articles

A contratualização com os cuidados de saúde primários na Administração Regional de Saúde de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, até 2023

Abstract The article discusses contractualization in Primary Health Care (PHC), relating what has been contractualized and what has been achieved to answer the question: can contractualization contribute to guaranteeing equity and adequate access to PHC? A case study methodology was used, using data available on the SNS Transparency Portal and data used in external contractualization. Data was collected in December 2023. In the Lisbon and Tagus Valley Health Region, 29.6 percent of people were registered without a family doctor in 2023. One-year appointment usage rates fell progressively (-2.7%) between 2021 and 2023. As for cancer screening, in the case of colon and rectum screening, only 34.4% of those contractualized were performed in 2021 and 28.9% in 2022. Regarding the Overall Performance Index, the variation intervals between the negotiated proposals and those obtained were above 20 points. Drug therapy prescription in Diabetes Mellitus was analyzed, and no ACES achieved the expected values. We concluded that contractualization has not helped improve access and equity, as a gap between the situational or local strategic planning phases seems evident.

Web-Based Information Systems for Political Parties and Community Organizations Using Extreme-Programming Methods

Badan Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik is expected to be able to carry out its tasks and functions as a promoter of government affairs in the area of national unity and politics. However, there is still a frequent process of verification of registration files of association organizations and political parties, which is interrupted so that the registration process becomes obstructed. There are no available data on the existence and management of both social organizations and political parties. Delivery of accountability reports for political party funds is always late so the financial administration process is hampered, causing low budget absorption. Delivery of data desks of elections of heads of district or general elections is still manual, so late incoming reports cause information to the leadership to be unupdated. The research is aimed at building a web-based information system that provides registration, verification and filing features for political parties and association organizations. The method used is Extreme Programming with phases of planning, design, encoding, and testing. The results of this study resulted in a reliable and easy-to-use information system and showed 100% accuracy of the black box test results.

통일 이미지 인식변화 및 통일교육의 패러다임 전환 필요성

According to a comparative analysis of the recent unification consciousness survey conducted by four unification-related organizations, including the Seoul National University Institute for Unification and Peace, the majority of the people prefer inter-Korean unification, the second phase of the national community unification plan, rather than the rigid unification goal of one country and one system. According to the survey, many people expect and are concerned about excessive unification costs, confusion from social and cultural differences, and conflicts from political and economic system differences in order to reach a unified state, the ultimate goal of the “National Community Unification Plan.” In the rapidly changing era of global diversification, I don't think there's a need to stick to the image of a unified state as a single state system. Many people prefer the image of inter-Korean union-style unification, which meets nationalist demands, pacifist demands, and pragmatic needs but does not have to worry about differences in unification costs, cultural differences, politics, and ideology. Therefore, it is important to present the easiest and most feasible image of unification and to reach social consensus. To this end, unification education must also change its paradigm. Existing unification education has developed a negative perception of unification by calculating its advantages and disadvantages on the premise of a single state, that is, an ultimate unified state, and reinforcing its image. Now, it is suggested that the goal of unification education should be to compare the issue of unification costs, socio-economic, cultural, and institutional differences between the two Koreas, and actively promote and educate the benefits of unification on the premise of the image of unification in the inter-Korean union method of peace and coexistence.

Landslide Susceptibility Analysis of Jugal Rural Municipality, Sindhupalchok

Hilly and mountainous areas of Nepal, with challenging terrain, young geology, and heavy monsoon rainfall, are susceptible to landslides and slope instability. To analyze and prepare landslide susceptibility maps, this study selects a typical hilly area, the Jugal Rural Municipality in Sindhupalchok district. Twelve factors contributing to landslides were considered, including slope, aspect, elevation, geology, land use, proximity to roads and drainage, plan curvature, profile curvature, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), soil type and rainfall. Moreover, 286 landslides were identified using high-resolution satellite imagery and field verification as the landslide inventory. These landslides were then randomly divided into two sets: 70% for training and 30\% for validation. Bivariate statistical analysis was performed using factor maps and the landslide inventory map. Notably, the analysis revealed a Prediction Rate (PR) of 9.35 for 'Land use', the highest among all factors considered. Since land use is a dynamic factor, we recommend conducting an analysis of land use changes and their impact on landslide susceptibility. Such an assessment would be invaluable during the planning and execution phases of development projects in Nepal's disaster-prone regions.

Smart dynamic evacuation planning and online management using vehicular communication system

AbstractDuring disasters, swiftly and efficiently evacuating populations in hazardous situations is crucial to minimize losses. This study proposes a novel framework to address dynamic population evacuation (DPE) problems, which includes planning and online evacuation management phases facilitated by vehicular communication. In the planning phase, a shelter allocation problem (SAP) is solved dynamically for destination choice and a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) for path choice toward the chosen destinations to obtain an initial evacuation plan. The initial plan is then enhanced by employing a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) within the vehicular edge computing (VEC) architecture. This enhancement enables communication among evacuees, allowing them to revise their vehicle's route choice and planned destination. These revisions take into account the changing risk and traffic conditions. The proposed online DPE framework is applied to the real evacuation scenario of Mill Valley City, CA. The proposed model is evaluated with different VANET architectures, including vehicular cloud computing (VCC) and VEC. The results show that the VEC framework outperforms other configurations and improves the evacuation process compared to the scenario with an initial plan by more than 30% in network clearance time. Additionally, a performance analysis is carried out for evacuation scenarios with different penetration rates of connected vehicles in VANET.

التكوين العلمي لابن باديس وأثره التجديدي في مجال التعليم بالجزائر: (1913-1940 ) Educational Background of Ibn Badis and Its Regenerative Impالتكوين العلمي لابن باديس وأثره التجديدي في مجال التعليم بالجزائر: (1913-1940 ) Educational Background of Ibn Badis and Its Regenerative Impact on the Field of Education in Algeria: (1913-1940)act on the Field of Education in Algeria: (1913-1940)

The research seeks to discover the renewal brought by Ibn Badis to education in Algeria through the study of his personality, academic background, significant scientific achievements both within and outside Algeria, curriculum for education, and teaching methods that he discovered beneficial and efficient for learners. Furthermore, the research intends to shed light on how Ibn Badis overcame the obstacles and challenges caused by French colonization, which denied Algerian citizens access to all types of learning, especially Arabic and Islamic education. The study takes a historical approach by examining a sizable collection of texts and pictures that represent Ibn Badis’s vision for science and education. The research leads to the conclusion that Ibn Badis’s strong scientific foundation which he achieved under the guidance of specialized academics from numerous fields and countries, had a huge impact on improving his abilities and views of the world and increasing his sense of need to refresh and enhance the educational system of his country. Additionally, he set himself apart from his contemporaries and forebears by getting around France’s restrictions through the advantage of legal loopholes to prevent the use of violence, particularly during the planning and construction phases.

التكوين العلمي لابن باديس وأثره التجديدي في مجال التعليم بالجزائر: (1913-1940 ) Educational Background of Ibn Badis and Its Regenerative Impact on the Field of Education in Algeria: (1913-1940)

The research seeks to discover the renewal brought by Ibn Badis to education in Algeria through the study of his personality, academic background, significant scientific achievements both within and outside Algeria, curriculum for education, and teaching methods that he discovered beneficial and efficient for learners. Furthermore, the research intends to shed light on how Ibn Badis overcame the obstacles and challenges caused by French colonization, which denied Algerian citizens access to all types of learning, especially Arabic and Islamic education. The study takes a historical approach by examining a sizable collection of texts and pictures that represent Ibn Badis’s vision for science and education. The research leads to the conclusion that Ibn Badis’s strong scientific foundation which he achieved under the guidance of specialized academics from numerous fields and countries, had a huge impact on improving his abilities and views of the world and increasing his sense of need to refresh and enhance the educational system of his country. Additionally, he set himself apart from his contemporaries and forebears by getting around France’s restrictions through the advantage of legal loopholes to prevent the use of violence, particularly during the planning and construction phases.

PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN, SIKAP KEUANGAN DAN GAYA HIDUP TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN GENERASI MILENIAL

The millennial generation is an interesting group to study because their lives are in an important phase of education, employment, and financial planning. This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy, financial attitudes, and lifestyle on the financial management of millennials. This study uses primary data obtained from filling out questionnaires. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling with a sample size of 150 respondents. The data analysis used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis tools. The results of this study indicate that financial attitudes have a positive and significant effect on the financial management of the millennial generation. Positive changes in attitudes towards finance can help improve the ability to manage their finances. Meanwhile, financial literacy and lifestyle variables do not affect financial management.

EXTENDING SIMULATION-BASED ASSEMBLY PLANNING TO INCLUDE HUMAN LEARNING AND PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE: A SIMULATION STUDY

When using simulation-based assembly planning in the planning phase of designing modern assembly systems, the prospective system behavior should be predicted as reliably as possible by the simulation. For this purpose, personnel-related adjustment periods, such as those related to learning through task repetition should be considered in the simulation model, if employees are later to be involved in the assembly. The learning effect influences the overall performance of the system and can be described by learning curves. The aim of the approach presented in this paper is to increase the prediction quality of simulation models for assembly planning by taking into account the previous experience of the employees. For this purpose, a learning model is integrated into a discrete-event simulation and subsequently verified. The learning model includes the personnel-related learning curve as well as the previous experience of the employees as dynamic parameters. Simulation experiments with three forms of assembly organization were conducted to investigate the influence of learning and previous experience on the dynamic system behavior of an assembly system. The results indicate that assembly systems organized according to the One Piece Flow principle allow for broader, albeit slower, learning compared to row and group assembly.

Artificial Neural Network for Classification Task in Tabular Datasets and Image Processing: A Systematic Literature Review

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is one of the machine learning algorithms that is widely used for classification cases. Some examples of classification cases that can be handled with ANN include classifications in the health sector, banking, and classification in image processing. This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of the ANN algorithm to find a research gap that can be used in future research. There are 3 phases used in preparing the SLR. Those are planning, conducting, and reporting. Formulation of research questions and establishing a review protocol is carried out in the planning phase. The second phase is conducted. In this phase, searching for relevant articles is carried out, determining the quality of the literature found and selecting particles according to what has been formulated in the planning phase. The selected literature is then carried out by the process of extracting data and information and then synthesizing the data. Writing SLR articles based on existing findings is carried out in the last phase, namely reporting. The results of data and information extraction from the 13 reviewed articles show that the ANN algorithm is powerful enough with satisfactory results to handle classification cases that use tabular datasets or image datasets. The challenges faced are the need for extensive training data so that ANN performance can be better, the use of appropriate evaluation measures based on the cases studied does not only rely on accuracy scores, and the determination of the correct hyperparameters to get better performance in the case of image processing.

Stakeholder engagement in agro-climate service planning

The impacts of weather, climate variability and climate change on agricultural production underline the increasing importance of actionable agro-climatic services. Transitioning from supply-driven provision of climate and agricultural information to demand-driven agro-climate services (ACS) at scale cannot be accomplished in a top-down manner but requires the engagement of diverse stakeholders in all phases of ACS development and implementation. This requires methods and tools to handle the diversity and dynamics of interactions between relevant stakeholders, including during the pre-financing stage of the ACS. We propose a transparent method to identify and engage stakeholders in the ACS planning phase and demonstrate this method as part of the socio-economic development planning process in Dien Bien, Vietnam. We find that considering stakeholder attributes such as availability, experience, gender, expertise, benefits and costs for each stakeholder, interest, influence, relevance, and attitude, combined with insights about the socio-economic development planning processes, is crucial for the engagement of stakeholders. We also find that facilitating collaborative interaction between ACS stakeholders is pivotal in supporting the planning of demand-driven ACS. Our methodology for engaging stakeholders is transferrable to designing and planning other interventions in complex systems.

An Evaluation and Prioritization Framework for Pilot First- and Last-Mile Ridesharing Services

Ridesharing is part of the innovative shared transport regime which aims to maximize the utilization of mobility resources. Gaining knowledge of ridesharing’s impacts and how to assess them can significantly improve such services and thus contribute to their adoption among broader groups of travelers and to travel behavior change. This paper presents the framework deployed for assessing the impacts of a first-/last-mile ridesharing pilot in Athens, Greece, and capturing stakeholders’ (i.e., a researcher organization, a public authority and an infrastructure provider) point of view about planning objectives. Four impact areas are defined in total, and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are used. In parallel, in order to understand the stakeholder priorities when designing ridesharing services, the Analytical Hierarchical Process is implemented to estimate weights for each impact area. Increasing rail ridership is considered the top priority for all stakeholders during the planning phase for a first-/last-mile ridesharing service, which may have various implications for future initiatives. In total, 28 participants used the ridesharing service as drivers and passengers during the demonstration period. Results show that although a ridesharing service is expected to be an asset in daily transport for city travelers, the technological constraints currently burden its usage. However, as supported by demo results and travelers’ experience, there is great potential of ridesharing to contribute to a sustainable transport system and serve as a first- and last-mile solution to public transport.

Methodology of Organizing and Implementing Training Activities

This study underscores the imperative of delineating a systematic approach to organizing training sessions within higher educational institutions, elucidating the requisite tasks integral to this process. It delves into the procedural intricacies and methodological nuances of implementing such training. The overarching goal is to enhance the efficacy of educational practices, emphasizing the need for a well-structured framework. Employing a rigorous analytical methodology, the study navigates through the planning, execution, and evaluation phases. The outcomes highlight the significance of clear objectives and flexible planning, illustrating the pivotal role of effective group dynamics and varied teaching methods. The study's implications extend to fostering discipline, motivation, and post-training support, ultimately contributing to the continuous development and application of acquired knowledge and skills. Highlights: Clear Objectives and Flexibility: Emphasizes the importance of precisely defined goals and objectives for training sessions while maintaining flexibility to adapt to the evolving needs of participants. Effective Group Dynamics: Highlights the role of establishing cohesive group dynamics during training sessions through activities fostering communication, cooperation, and trust among participants. Analytical Methodology: Utilizes a rigorous analytical approach to navigate through the planning, execution, and evaluation phases, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the training process's intricacies. Keywords: Higher Education, Educational Process, Educational Training, Methodology, Educational Training Goal

Sample size calculation for cross-sectional studies

The cross-sectional study design is widely prevalent in Russian medical literature. However, a significant number of these studies neglect to calculate the sample size during the planning phase, and the analysis often relies solely on basic bivariate statistics. This compromises the validity of the findings and increases the risk of drawing inaccurate conclusions.
 The scientific rigor of a study depends on a quality of planning, a clear problem statement, and precise formulation of statistical hypotheses, which are then tested using the most appropriate analytical methods. At the core of this process lies the determination of the appropriate sample size. The primary objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive, step-by-step guide for the sample size calculation process. By adhering to our guidelines, researchers can ensure that their cross-sectional studies possess sufficient statistical power to generate meaningful results. We acknowledge the significance of tailoring sample size calculations to the specific objectives and data characteristics of each study. Therefore, our approach is designed to be flexible and adaptable, accommodating the unique requirements of diverse research endeavors.
 There are several software options available for sample size calculation; however, we use the G*Power software for all the examples presented in this paper. Our guide is designed to provide practical understanding of the topic, with each step being accompanied by illustrative examples and detailed screenshots. This approach ensures that the material is not only understandable but also applicable in real-world scenarios. Furthermore, we take the extra step of interpreting every dialog box and screenshot, aiming to create a comfortable user experience with the software. We hope that this paper will serve as a valuable guide in the planning stage of a study, helping researchers to address a wider range of issues and reliably estimate the associations between selected exposures and the outcomes of interest with sufficient statistical power.

Descriptions of the relationship between human health and green infrastructure in six Nordic comprehensive plans

The link between green infrastructure (GI) and human health and well-being (HH&W) is well-established. While land use planning is fundamental for delivering increased and equitable HH&W outcomes, whether and to what extent this is implemented in planning practice is largely unknown.This study performed a content analysis of six Nordic comprehensive plans regarding terms, connections, and goals used to describe the GI-HH&W relationship in order to identify the conditions set for developing health-promoting GI in strategic planning interventions.The results revealed common, varied, and nuanced terminology describing GI in all six plans, while health outcomes were non-specifically described and less consistently referred to. Similarly, connections between and goals related to GI and HH&W outcomes were rarely mentioned and expressed only in general terms. This lack of nuance may lead to uncertainty concerning (i) land claims required and (ii) how to configure allocated land in order to promote HH&W via GI. Overall, current descriptions fail to acknowledge that health outcomes vary with properties of GI, and may thus fail to provide sufficient arguments to withstand other land use interests. From a strategic planning perspective, the general description of the GI-HH&W relationship may create additional uncertainties for prioritization in subsequent planning phases.

Application of BIM in project management in China

As a nation that is quickly developing, Chinas construction industry faces a variety of issues. Despite the size and technical complexity of some Chinese projects, the old paper documents and two-dimensional drawing techniques are no longer adequate to meet demand. Chinas construction sector has enormous potential. Therefore, effective digital technology and the best project management are crucial for the growth of Chinas construction business. Throughout the whole life cycle of a construction project, including all phases of planning, design, building, operation, and maintenance, Building Information Modelling (BIM) can be used. This study intends to investigate the use of BIM in project management in China with a particular emphasis on how BIM impacts project design, construction, and operation. By analysing the successful cases of BIM in Chinas project management, the prospect and development of BIM in Chinas construction industry are discussed. In the whole process of project management, BIM improves quality, efficiency, sustainability and maintainability through various applications. It is intended to provide Chinas construction industry with a tool to promote the modernization and long-term growth of the industry.

Strategies for Enhancing Early Childhood Science Literacy Through STEAM Education

The primary objective of this study is to enhance young children's comprehension of scientific concepts by implementing the STEAM approach within the context of Early Childhood Education (PAUD). The STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) pedagogy for preschoolers emphasizes dynamic learning, stimulates cognitive engagement, facilitates problem-solving, nurtures structured and methodical reasoning, and enhances critical thinking skills. Conducted using the Classroom Action Research method guided by the Kemmis cycle model, this study involves a cohort of 15 participants from group B, aged 5-6 years, and spans across preliminary cycles, Cycle I, and Cycle II, comprising phases of planning, execution, observation, and reflection. The comprehensive deliberation's outcome establishes the potential for enhancing scientific literacy among young children through the implementation of STEAM education. This advancement in scientific understanding is facilitated through captivating balloon experiments, utilizing colors that resonate with children's preferences. The attainment of scientific knowledge, as evident through the STEAM approach, manifests at a rate of 10% during the Pre-Cycle, 26% during Cycle I, and an impressive 72% during Cycle II. The cumulative findings unequivocally underscore the profoundly positive role of STEAM pedagogy in augmenting scientific cognizance during the formative years of early childhood.

Towards inventory control excellence: An innovative approach based on a web-based platform.

Inventory management in educational institutions presents unique challenges due to the diverse sources of information and the need for improved team collaboration. This research aims to enhance inventory processes in educational institutions by leveraging information technology to optimize efficiency and ensure data integrity and reliability. The study employed a five-phase methodology to develop a web-based inventory optimization system. The initial phase involved a comprehensive analysis of inventory requirements, considering multiple data sources and team needs. Subsequently, in the planning phase, requirements were prioritized, and tasks with corresponding deadlines were established.The implementation phase adhered to the requirements outlined in the planning phase, utilizing appropriate information technologies to ensure efficient and reliable operation. A thorough system review was conducted to assess the achievement of each requirement's objectives, with necessary adjustments made as needed. Finally, following the completion of the previous phases, the developed software was deployed, and additional testing was conducted to ensure proper functionality. Following the implementation of the web-based system, significant improvements were observed: an 85.51% increase in efficiency for goods searches, streamlining the process and reducing location times; a 90.31% enhancement in goods registration, ensuring greater accuracy and data reliability; an 83.11% improvement in annual goods report generation, simplifying reporting and offering a clearer view of the inventory. Overall, the inventory process experienced an 86.31% improvement, leading to enhanced efficiency and collaboration among administrative and teaching staff. The utilization of information technology reduced inventory processing times and ensured the uniqueness and reliability of information. This research focuses specifically on optimizing inventory management in educational institutions through information technology. The study's uniqueness lies in its tailored web-based system designed to address the specific needs of educational institutions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach and its positive impact on inventory management.

Strengthening National Defense: Quality Management in Indonesian Army (TNI AD) Curriculum Development

This research aims to analyze and describe the curriculum development management policies in the Indonesian Army's Infantry Education Center and Cavalry Education Center to enhance the quality of education curricula. This research employs a qualitative approach, using management and quality theories as analytical instruments. The management functions, including planning, organizing, implementing, and monitoring, are phased out according to these theories. Data collection procedures involve interviews, document analysis, and observations. The research findings reveal key aspects of the planning phase that need optimization. The combination of critical thinking and experience can lead to wisdom. Comparative studies can be beneficial when positive elements can be applied within educational institutions. Based on the research results, it is recommended that an organization that functions as a quality assurance body within the Infantry Education Center and Cavalry Education Center be established. Continuous human resource quality enhancement is also suggested to improve curriculum quality development management. It is hoped that various challenges in education implementation can be overcome, ultimately achieving the effective and efficient development of curricula.

SCARS: Suturing wounds due to conflicts between non‐functional requirements in autonomous and robotic systems

AbstractIn autonomous and robotic systems, the functional requirements (FRs) and non‐functional requirements (NFRs) are gathered from multiple stakeholders. The different stakeholder requirements are associated with different components of the robotic system and with the contexts in which the system may operate. This aggregation of requirements from different sources (multiple stakeholders) often results in inconsistent or conflicting sets of requirements. Conflicts among NFRs for robotic systems heavily depend on features of actual execution contexts. It is essential to analyze the inconsistencies and conflicts among the requirements in the early planning phase to design the robotic systems in a systematic manner. In this work, we design and experimentally evaluate a framework, called SCARS, providing: (a) a domain‐specific language extending the ROS2 Domain Specific Language (DSL) concepts by considering the different environmental contexts in which the system has to operate, (b) support to analyze their impact on NFRs, and (c) the computation of the optimal degree of NFR satisfaction that can be achieved within different system configurations. The effectiveness of SCARS has been validated on the iRobot Create3 robot using Gazebo simulation.