Planning Phase Research Articles

Artificial intelligence in nursing practice – A Delphi study with ChatGPT

BackgroundThe release of the open-source platform ChatGPT in November 2022 created massive interest in the possibilities of artificial intelligence–based chatbots. However, there is little knowledge about how artificial intelligence could be used in nursing practice. AimIn this study, we aimed to discover whether nurses' answers to nursing-related questions differ from those generated by artificial intelligence. MethodsA qualitative consensus group research design was used in this study. We conducted a Delphi study in three different rounds. For the first round, the instrument included 57 questions derived from 10 national nursing expert standards. In the second round, the nurses and ChatGPT were asked to rate the answers from the first round in order of relevance to everyday nursing. The third round included writing an assessment and a nursing handover based on two vignettes. ResultsThe study showed significant differences between the answers given by the group of nurses and those given by ChatGPT in all main categories. The results of the third round indicate that the answers from the nurses and ChatGPT did not differ, except for answers assigned to two categories. ConclusionsOur results indicate that ChatGPT generates answers that are comparable to those given by nurses. We assume that ChatGPT could be an enrichment at the beginning of the nursing process by summarizing and categorizing patient information. Furthermore, it could be helpful for nurses in the care planning phase. Given ChatGPT's ability to communicate in different languages, it might be a possible intervention for overcoming language barriers.

Exploring plant-based dengue therapeutics: from laboratory to clinic.

Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes dengue fever, a significant public health concern in many tropical and subtropical regions. Dengue is endemic in more than 100 countries, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Each year, up to 400 million people get infected with dengue. Approximately 100 million people get sick from infection, and 40,000 die from severe dengue. Unfortunately, dengue vaccine development is also marred with various complicating factors, as the forefront candidate vaccine performed unsatisfactorily. Moreover, the only licensed vaccine (Dengvaxia) for children 9 through 16years of age is available in just a few countries. The treatment difficulties are compounded by the absence of an effective antiviral agent. Exploring plant-based therapeutics for dengue from the laboratory to clinical application involves a multi-stage process, encompassing various scientific disciplines. Individual investigators have screened a wide range of plant extracts or compounds for potential antiviral activity against DENV. In vitro studies help identify candidates that exhibit inhibitory effects on viral replication. Some of the most promising medicinal plants showing in vitro activity against DENV include Andrographis paniculate, Acorus calamus, and Cladogynos orientalis. Further laboratory studies, both in vitro and in animal models (in vivo), elucidate the mechanisms of action by which the identified compounds exert antiviral effects. Medicinal plants such as Carica papaya, Cissampelos pareira, and Ipomea batata exhibited potent platelet-enhancing activities while Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa showed promising effects in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Based on positive preclinical results, researchers design clinical trials. This involves careful planning of trial phases, patient recruitment criteria, ethical considerations, and endpoints. The most important medicinal plants showing efficacy and safety in clinical trials include Carica papaya and Cissampelos pareira. This review suggests that several promising medicinal plants exist that have the potential to be turned into clinical drugs to treat dengue infection. However, in addition to developing synthetic and plant-based therapies against dengue infection, vector management strategies should be made robust, emphasizing the need to focus on reducing disease incidence.

AI Use in Application Modernization for Banking Applications

Implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine Learning (ML) into application modernization will shake up various industries, including finance, healthcare, manufacturing, e-commerce, and retail. This white paper will analyze the transformative potential of AI and ML in modernizing legacy systems and applications, enhancing innovation, operational efficiency, and security during modernization. By leveraging AI technologies like machine learning, natural language processing, and deep learning, organizations can streamline processes, enhance decision- making in the planning phase, and reduce errors during application modernization. The paper also addresses the challenges and considerations in planning and implementing application modernization in banks, as AI and ML have been increasingly adopted in the banking sector. AI and ML help with planning in Hollow the core, including data privacy, ethical concerns, and the need for a skilled workforce.

Classifying Technologies during the Assessment, Treatment Planning, Documentation and Evaluation Phases of Music Therapy: A Survey of Board-Certified Practitioners

Music therapists (MT-BCs) use diverse technologies to provide evidence-based personalized interventions to a wide variety of people. Most studies on the technological practices of MT-BCs report a general overview of the tools they use in their daily work. This study offers an new way of understanding technologies used by MT-BCs, classified and situated in the phases of music therapy (MT) practice: Assessment, Treatment Planning, In-Session, Documentation and Evaluation. An online survey was sent to a mailing list of 1,951 board-certified music therapists (MT-BC), and we received 104 responses. Results support distinct functions in technological practices between each of the phases of MT, revealing categories of notetaking and data entry that characterize planning, documentation and evaluation tasks, and a wider diversity of technology configurations in assessment and in-session work. We end by discussing design implications for HCI researchers and designers of music technologies for health, as well as HCI-MT design collaboration to better support the work of the MT-BC community.

Leveraging Gamification in Science Learning for Secondary Students

This project aims to study the usefulness of incorporating gamification for science learning, for secondary school students. Ever since, the Science subject has been a hassle to the students, as well as the teachers. Therefore, a web-based system with gamification has been proposed. The waterfall model was chosen as the project's methodology, which consists of planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and documentation phases. Firebase was used as the cloud database to ease data storage and analysis. The selection was made to ensure the data from interactive activities such as watching films and doing exercises was securely gathered and used. Students earned points, badges, and were ranked as they performed assignments, adding a competitive element to the learning experience. A usability test was carried out to assess the success of the gamified learning platform using PSSUQ (Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire). The survey participants were chosen randomly from a group of high school students and teachers. After using the gamified website, they were asked to submit feedback by answering 16 constructed questions. Positive feedback was gathered from the survey, as most of the questions recorded mean values between 4.0 and 4.5. Hopefully, this study will provide further information regarding the effectiveness of gamification in learning, particularly in science learning for secondary students.

Virtual Value Engineering in Investment and Construction Activities

Statement of the problem. The Russian investment and construction industries continue to grow, and there is a growing demand for services related to designing and implementing new projects. The introduction of innovative technologies and improvements to construction processes are essential parts of investment and construction efforts in today's world. Engineering plays a significant role in investment and construction projects, as it is involved both in the planning phase and during the implementation stages. Cost engineering is a concept that refers to a set of techniques and tools used to manage the expenses of a project throughout its lifecycle. The integration of investment and construction engineering services with the latest technological advancements is a new but already popular trend in the construction market. Results. This study emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach to facility design, considering the unique characteristics of modern technology and the requirements of participants in investment and construction projects that require operational involvement in project management. Conclusions. The paper supports the introduction of «virtual engineering», which can create a more comfortable environment for all stakeholders in an investment or construction project.

Optimal allocation of voltage-reactive resources using genetic algorithm

The problem of optimal allocation of voltage-reactive regulatory resources has been widely considered in the field of planning and management of the power systems in order to maintain the voltage profile, as one of the most important aspects of the operation of a network, within the given limits. During the installation of these devices, the topology of the network is changed, which is why it is essential to pay sufficient attention to the sizing of these devices in the planning phase, from the point of view of selecting adequate power, and to choose suitable locations for their location.This paper proposes a method for determining the minimum required number of reactive power compensation devices, their locations and powers, with the aim of improving the voltage profile. The difference between this work in comparison to existing research work is that the number of devices, as well as their locations, will not be defined in advance, so that the locations and power of the devices will be treated as variables. The effectiveness of the proposed method will be tested using IEEE test systems.

Exploring Students’ Feelings in the Initial Phase of a Community-Based Research Service-Learning Course: A Qualitative Approach Using Content Analysis

The emotional experience of situations and interactions with other people plays an important role in teaching and learning processes and interacts with cognitive as well as motivational and intentional factors in the acquisition of knowledge. In our qualitative investigation, we explored participants’ experiences in the initial phase of a community-based research service-learning project that dealt with issues of social inequality, poverty and homelessness. We were particularly interested in the affective processes in the project’s planning phase and during the first meetings between community partners, homeless people and the participating students. After completing the course, we conducted guided qualitative online interviews with the course participants. The interviews were fully transcribed verbatim. We then coded and analysed the data using qualitative content analysis approach. It became apparent that the students were particularly anxious and apprehensive about working with vulnerable groups of people. This manifested itself in uncertainty, nervousness, fears and negative feelings. Regarding the collaboration with the community partners, the emotional situation varied among the students in the initial phase. We conclude that students’ fears, anxieties, and uncertainties in the planning phase of a service-learning or community-based research project should be taken seriously. A relaxed and positive atmosphere at the first meetings can be viewed as particularly important for project progression and the students’ future learning success.

Effect of Stakeholders’ Engagement on Performance of Construction Projects in Rwanda: Case of Horizon Construction Company

Purpose: This research focused on the evaluation of the impact of stakeholder engagement on the performance of construction projects in Rwanda. The following specific objectives directed this study: to identify the impact of stakeholders' involvement in project planning on the performance of Horizon Construction Company's construction projects; to assess the impact of stakeholders' engagement in project implementation on the performance of Horizon Construction Company's construction projects; and to evaluate the impact of stakeholders' engagement in monitoring and evaluation on the performance of Horizon Construction Company's construction projects. Methodology: A combination of descriptive and correlational research survey design under a mixed method approach was used to guide the study. Participants in this research consisted of 182 individuals from Horizon Construction Company. Using stratified simple random sampling, this research sampled 125 people. A statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used to analyze quantitative data along with thematic for qualitative data. Findings: The coefficient for stakeholders in project planning is 0.325, suggesting that for each unit increase in stakeholder engagement during the planning phase, project performance is expected to increase by 0.325, with this relationship being statistically significant (β = 0.325, t = 6.153, Sig. = 0.000). Similarly, the coefficient for stakeholders in project implementation is 0.268, indicating that a one-unit increase in engagement during implementation correlates with a 0.268 increase in project performance, which is also statistically significant (β = 0.268, t = 5.841, Sig. = 0.000). Additionally, the coefficient for stakeholders in monitoring and evaluation is 0.409, revealing that improvements in stakeholder engagement in oversight can enhance project performance by 0.409 units, with a statistically significant impact (β = 0.409, t = 8.030, Sig. = 0.000). Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: it is recommended that Horizon Construction Company prioritize inclusive stakeholder engagement practices throughout all project phases.

Dynamic Path Planning for Spacecraft Rendezvous and Approach Based on Hybrid Honey Badger Algorithm

In order to solve the 3D path planning of the close-range guidance phase of spacecraft in space rendezvous and approaching, and improve its optimization performance in dynamic environments, a 3D dynamic path planning method based on hybrid honey badger algorithm and cubic spline interpolation is proposed. Firstly, a hybrid honey badger algorithm is presented for dynamic path planning: the chaotic reverse learning is used to initialize the population, so as to improve the global search ability; the transfer operators are introduced in the mode transition stage to balance exploration and exploitation capabilities; the sine and cosine operators are integrated during the stage of location update to improve the quality of the optimal solution; an adaptive disturbance coefficient is introduced into the mining mode to accelerate the convergence. Secondly, the cubic spline interpolation algorithm is combined to optimize the path curve and reduce the turning angle of the curve. Finally, the comparative simulation experiments verify that the proposed method can plan a smooth path without collision. The planned path length is relatively shortest, the path turning angle and the algorithm running time are relatively smallest.

Scaling up integrated care: Can community hospitals be an answer? A multiple-case study from the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy

Integrated care is considered to be essential in improving care for people with chronic conditions who need continuous care. In 2022, the Italian Government asked all regions to build or renovate a massive number of community care facilities, employing European Next Generation funds, to be spent by 2026. Under the theoretical lens of the Structural Contingency Theory, the paper aims at aims at describing the contextual and organizational factors underlying the interconnection between integrated care and community hospitals. The study employs a multiple-case study design, relying both on quantitative and qualitative data, conducted in a 6 months-period. It investigated seven community hospitals belonging to a single Local Health Authority in Emilia-Romagna region in Italy. The choice of the empirical context was driven by Emilia-Romagna's long- and well-established tradition of community-based care. Overall, our analysis shows that community hospitals offers opportunities of integrated care, including better integration between care sectors, between primary care and specialist staff, between healthcare structures and their local community. The study confirms the value of the Structural Contingency Theory and its key message: implementation is not a mechanical step of the policy cycle and requires important adjustments to the planning phase according to environment and organizational factors.

Probabilistic Prediction and Assessment of Train-Induced Vibrations Based on Mixture Density Model

This study presents a probabilistic prediction method for train-induced vibrations by combining a deep neural network (DNN) with the mixture density model in a cascade fashion, referred to as the DNN-RMDN model in this paper. A benchmark example is conducted to demonstrate and evaluate the prediction performance of the DNN-RMDN model. Subsequently, the model is applied to a case study to investigate and compare the uncertainties of train-induced vibrations in the throat area and testing line area of a metro depot. After training, the model is capable of accurately predicting the probability density function (PDF) of train-induced vibrations at different distances from the track and at different frequencies. Utilizing the predicted PDF, probabilistic assessments can be performed to ascertain the likelihood of surpassing predefined limits. By employing a mixture density model instead of a single Gaussian distribution, the DNN-RMDN model achieves more accurate prediction of the PDF for train-induced vibrations. The proposed probabilistic assessment framework can effectively assist in vibration screening during the planning phase and in selecting and designing vibration mitigation measures of appropriate levels.

Collaborative work processes in establishing a MiniMaria treatment center for youth substance addiction: a qualitative inquiry of county council healthcare and municipal efforts

BackgroundThis article is part of a larger study exploring the collaborative dynamics between key stakeholders in providing care to youths suffering from alcohol or substance use and their families in formulating policies and operational practices for county and country-wide application in similar settings. The focus of this article is to describe the collaborative processes between two stakeholders, a municipality, and a county council, in establishing a MiniMaria treatment center. While collaborative efforts between municipalities and county councils in health service provision are often acknowledged, little is known about how communication and decision-making processes between these entities shape the success of such initiatives. This study aims to fill this gap by providing insights into the communicative processes that foster organizational cohesion, agility, and innovation. The guiding research question is: What communicative processes occur between the county council and municipal stakeholders during the planning phase of the MiniMaria treatment center?MethodsThe municipality and county council were selected based on purposive sampling, owing to the proximity and accessibility of the field. An exploratory and descriptive design, incorporating a participatory research approach, was employed for this qualitative investigation.ResultsTwo central themes, each underpinned by specific subthemes sum up the essence of our findings. The first theme underscores the collaborative dynamics and shared objectives that have emerged through the project, thus showing the importance of a unified vision and mutual understanding in driving the initiative forward. The second theme points to the practical aspects of implementing the project, including recruitment strategies, and the significance of interpersonal communication.ConclusionsThis article sheds light on the establishment of a MiniMaria treatment center through collaboration between a municipality and county council, using the Four Flows Model to interpret communicative processes. Membership negotiation was crucial for defining roles and building a unified team identity, while activity coordination ensured aligned stakeholder efforts. Self-structuring facilitated internal organization and operational clarity, and institutional positioning aligned the initiative with broader healthcare norms, enhancing its credibility and impact. These communicative practices were central to get a grip on inter-organizational complexities, emphasizing communication’s constitutive role in organizational development and innovation.

Uptake and effectiveness of an Instagram intervention on AMR for undergraduate students

Abstract Background With the large volume, diversity and amount of information shared on social media, this offers opportunities to deliver and disseminate health interventions through these platforms. Social media campaigns have been found to be effective in raising public awareness of health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social media is however not widely used to raise awareness on antimicrobial prescribing and resistance. Aim To study the potential of Instagram as a tool for promoting awareness and understanding of critical health issues such as AMR among undergraduate students. Methods A 3-month Instagram-based educational intervention with Instagram posts with messages on AMR was implemented from January to April 2024. The planning phase involved two co-design sessions and two key-informant interviews, which provided valuable insights and guidance for structuring the intervention. The messages on AMR were developed based on the planning phase to ensure relevance and effectiveness. To evaluate the impact of the intervention, pre and post-intervention surveys were conducted to measure the knowledge levels of the participants. Results 126 students signed up for the intervention by following the instagram account and filling the pre-intervention survey. A total of 36 messages were posted during the intervention with an engagement of 2.5% and a daily engagement of 4.6%. The average likes per post was 14. Conclusions Type of message and change in knowledge on AMR will be explored to inform future Instagram AMR awareness campaigns. Key messages • Social media interventions can be effective in raising awareness when co-designed with the target audience. • A good content mix with engaging short format content is key in capturing the attention of the target audience on social media.

Impact of minimum viable product on software ecosystem failure

ContextCompanies are interested in building successful value-producing ecosystems together to offer end users a broader digital service offering and better meet customer needs. However, most ecosystems fail in the early years. ObjectiveWe investigated one small software ecosystem from the planning phase to the operative phase, where the participating companies left one by one because the software ecosystem was unsuccessful, and the software ecosystem ended after four operative years. The software ecosystem provided a digital service offering based on the defined MVP (Minimum Viable Product). That is why we were interested in understanding the MVP's impact on the ecosystem's failure. MethodWe conducted a case study, the results of which are based on the semi-structured interviews of eight representatives of the software ecosystem. ResultsThis study showed that the actors prioritized out functionalities from the MVP, and the MVP was no longer based on the defined value proposition, target customer groups, and customer paths. It was then difficult for the actors to achieve their objectives. The companies’ commitment depended on the set objectives, and when the objectives were not achieved, the actors left the ecosystem, and the software ecosystem failed. ConclusionThe results show that the MVP can significantly affect the failure of the small software ecosystem, where all actors have a keystone role. The MVP largely defines what kind of digital service offering the software ecosystem provides and whether the actors can achieve the objectives, especially their sales goals. Thus, prioritizing the functionalities of the MVP is a critical activity.

Evaluation of Questions in Middle School Mathematics Textbooks in Terms of Problem Solving Strategies

Purpose: This study aims to analyze solved problems in mathematics textbooks, focusing on both general and specific problem-solving strategies. By conducting a detailed analysis of each general strategy, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the problem-solving approaches presented in the textbooks. Design/Methodology/Approach: The document analysis method was utilized in this study. Solved problems from the mathematics textbooks published by the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) for 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grades during the 2023-2024 academic year were examined. Data were collected using the “Solved Problems Checklist” and “Problem-Solving Strategies Determination Form” developed by Hatay (2020). A qualitative descriptive analysis method was employed to analyze the data, with percentage and frequency values calculated to present the findings. Findings: The analysis revealed that the stages of planning and implementing a solution plan were prominently featured in the middle school mathematics textbooks. Specifically, the initial stage of understanding the problem often included visual aids such as figures, diagrams, tables, and pictures. In the planning phase, the predominant solutions involved discussions of mathematical operations. Highlights: The study’s findings indicate that while problem-solving strategies are generally emphasized in mathematics education, certain steps, such as solution evaluation, are given greater focus. Additionally, the research highlights a significant gap in the inclusion of the problem-posing stage, the final step of general problem-solving strategies, in the analyzed mathematics textbooks.

The Use of 3D Model Printing for Acute Planning in Oral and Maxillofacial Traumatology

Introduction Due to the complex anatomy of craniomaxillofacial structures, facial reconstruction following high-impact traumas is extremely challenging. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of biomodels in the surgical planning of complex fractures and the sequelae in the oromaxillofacial region. Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive, and quantitative documentary study. It was conducted at the “Dom Luiz Gonzaga Fernandes” Emergency and Trauma Hospital, in the hinterland of the state of Paraíba, in Brazil, based on cases recorded between November 2021 and November 2022. The research instrument utilized was a self-developed questionnaire. Results No statistically significant correlation was observed between the biomodel acquisition time and the length of hospitalization, with a Spearman's correlation coefficient of r = -0.079. Although the need for adjustment of osteosynthesis material was 50% in cases where acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) models were used, with p (1) = 0.464, in order to be significantly more faithful, it would require a study with a higher sample size. The average length of surgery, in minutes, was 91.25 ± 28.00. The average cost of the materials used to manufacture the biomodels, in Brazilian reais (R$), was R$122.00 ± R$89.09. Conclusion The use of biomodels in the surgical planning of complex fractures and oromaxillofacial sequelae did not increase the length of hospitalization. The material used for the prototype manufacture suggests a potential influence on its faithfulness. The length of surgery was shorter in interventions that utilized biomodels in the planning phase. It was also noted that the average cost of manufacture varies according to the type of material chosen and the quantity required.

Achieving RoutIne Screening for Emotional health (ARISE) in pediatric subspecialty clinics.

This study aims to describe the experience of implementing a psychosocial distress screening system for children with serious or chronic medical conditions. Achieving RoutIne Screening for Emotional health (ARISE) was developed to systematically evaluate psychosocial distress in children with serious medical or chronic medical illnesses, by integrating patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) into care delivery. ARISE was developed using a user-centered approach with extensive input from patients, families, and healthcare professionals to overcome barriers to routine PROM collection and integration into care as usual. It comprises a system to capture PROMs and then relay results to clinicians for changing care. We sought to implement ARISE at four subspecialty pediatric clinics caring for patients with cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, hemophilia, and neurological malignancy. Problems with acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility represented barriers to implementation which were overcome by modifying the intervention using stakeholder input during the planning phase, leading to broad program acceptance. ARISE was implemented in three of the four clinics, in which 79.8% of eligible children and their family completed PROMs. The ARISE program demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating psychosocial screenings into subspecialty pediatric clinics, thereby enhancing the identification and management of psychosocial issues in children with serious and chronic medical illnesses.

The Road Less Travelled: Exploring the Planning and Preparation for a Critical Social Justice Module by the University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa

This qualitative study aimed to explore the journey of planning and preparation for the implementation of a Critical Social Justice and Citizenship (CSJ) module at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Despite political democracy in South Africa, racial, sexist, gender, and cultural pathological issues persist. The CSJ module addresses these challenges by focusing on gender-based violence, racism, gender inequality, classism, and other forms of discrimination. The study adopted an interpretive paradigm and a narrative inquiry approach to investigate the experiences of the planning team and the tutors involved in the CSJ module. Data were generated through observations of workshops, which were presented via photo narratives and individual interviews. The analysis was performed using thematic and content analysis methods. A theoretical framework for the study was based on “Education for Liberation,” which encompasses human rights, inclusion, and education for social justice. The experiences of the planning team and the tutors highlighted both the challenges and the successes encountered during the planning and preparation phases. The identified themes included the importance of collaborative efforts, the need for ongoing support and training, and the evolving understanding of social justice issues by the tutors. Recommendations for future implementation include improving support structures for tutors, continuous professional development, and improving module content based on feedback and experiences. This study contributes to scholarship by providing a detailed account of the development of a social justice-oriented educational module in a higher education context. The study also offers information on the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach in the development of educational interventions aimed at promoting social justice. Keywords: Social Justice, Gender-based violence, Inequality, Classism, Workshops

Investigating the Impact of Smartphones on Blended Learning Effectiveness for Project Management Certifications: Case Study in Bahrain

This paper examines the impact of smartphones through integration and enhancing the effectiveness of blended learning activities for project management training programs in Bahrain. Building on previous research, this study report on how smartphones can improve real-time communication, boosting engagement, and provide trainees’ continuous access to learning materials. Smartphones served as real-time tools for trainers by facilitating group chats, organizing meetings, and sharing educational content, such as YouTube videos and training PowerPoint slides, thus ensuring the fulfillment of training objectives. The case study demonstrates how smartphones contributed to a more dynamic, flexible, and collaborative learning environment, optimizing the blended learning model for professional project management programs in Bahrain. Additionally, since smartphones enabled real-time updates and notifications, they supported trainers to stay organized and engaged with the trainees while tracking their tasks throughout the course. Hence, this tool for sure supported the trainer role as project manager, encompassing the initiation, planning, execution, monitoring, and control phases of activities, all in real-time, to ensure the successful completion of the training program.