Park Planning Research Articles

Проведение мониторинга поверхностного покрова территории города Читы по материалам дистанционного зондирования

Natural areas where settlements are located are a subject to constant anthropogenic impact, which has a negative impact on the environmental situation. In this regard, it becomes relevant to monitor the surface cover of such territories, using remote sensing data. The object of the study is the territory of the urban district “City of Chita”. The purpose is to conduct a spatiotemporal analysis of changes in the va­lues of the NDVI vegetation index from satellite images from 2016 to 2023, to identify natural and artificially created forms of surface cover, describe their quantitative and qualitative composition within the boundaries of the urban district, as well as establish the nature of the dynamics of changes in the obtained values. The research objectives are as follows: preparation and collection of materials for remote sensing of the Earth; description of the territory and structural forms of the surface cover of Chita based on the NDVI index. The following research methodology and me­thods are used: methods of visual and automated decryption of multispectral images; geoinformation methods for analyzing raster and vector data. Archival multispectral Sentinel-2 images for the specified period have been used in the research process. A classification of surface cover forms of the studied territory has been carried out, and an assessment of changes in their areas over an 8-year period has been made for the administrative districts of the city (Tsentralny, Ingodinsky, Chernovsky and Zheleznodorozhny). Monitoring the surface cover of urbanized areas, using vegetation indices obtained from remote sensing data (e. g. Sentinel-2) allows to obtain up-to-date information on the quantitative and qualitative state of vegetation. The above mentioned has helped to make reasoned decisions in the field of territorial planning and urban development, including planning of protected areas, recreation parks, and public gardens in Chita.

Enhancing Recreation Opportunities: A Case Study Of Sports Parks In Yunnan Province, China

This paper explores the construction, development, and socio-economic implications of sports parks in Yunnan Province, China, aiming to foster sustainable recreational experiences. Through an in-depth analysis of three emblematic cases—Kunming Cuihu Sports Park, Dali Ancient City Sports Park, and Lijiang Yulong Sports Park—it elucidates the integration of sports, leisure, and culture within these spaces. Emphasizing characteristic construction, facility maintenance, guided tours, and emergency management, the study underscores their pivotal roles in enhancing visitor experiences. The research delves into the multifaceted impact of sports parks on social development, including the promotion of healthy lifestyles, community cohesion, and local economic growth. By extrapolating insights from these cases, the paper offers valuable references for the planning and management of sports parks in diverse regions. Additionally, it outlines future directions for research, advocating for expanded data collection, nuanced understanding of cultural differences in recreational demands, and leveraging information technology to elevate service quality. These suggestions are poised to drive continuous progress in the field of sports parks, aligning with the evolving needs and aspirations of communities for an enhanced quality of life.

Przyrodnicze obszary prawnie chronione w województwie mazowieckim w latach 1999–2022

The article discusses the changes in the scope of natural legally protected areas, that occured after the administrative reform in 1999. It indicates the tasks carried out by the Self-Government of the Mazowieckie Voivodeship in the field of regional policy and spatial management in accordance with the principle of sustainable development. The Mazowieckie Voivodeship – created under the territorial division reform – covered a system of protected areas that included the Kampinos National Park, 164 nature reserves, 9 landscape parks and 29 protected landscape areas. In nearly 25 years, 26 nature reserves and one protected landscape area were created. The boundaries of the existing forms of nature protection have also been modified. With Poland's accession to the European Union, the most significant changes concerning legally protected areas have taken place. The implementation of EU law into Polish law resulted, inter alia, in the introduction of a new form of nature protection – Natura 2000 sites, complementing the existing system of legally protected areas. By March 2023, 80 areas of the Natura 2000 network had been designated and approved in the Mazowieckie Voivodeship. The article discusses how the position and competences of the regional self-government in the field of nature protection have evolved as a result of changes in the law. The voivodeship self-government took over competences in the field of landscape parks and protected landscape areas. As a result of the acquired rights, the Mazovian Voivodeship Sejmik, inter alia, established the Mazovian Landscape Parks complex and protection plans for landscape parks. The boundaries of the protected landscape areas have been specified. Spatial databases are also maintained in the field of protected areas. Key words: Mazowieckie Voivodeship, nature conservation, legally protected areas, landscape parks, protected landscape areas, green belt

Landscape Planning and Design of Community Park Based on Child-Friendly Concept

Landscape Planning and Design of Community Park Based on Child-Friendly Concept

Research on the application of cellular automata and improved BP neural network in road design of logistics park

With large-scale construction of the Logistics Parks, it has become an urgent problem to quantitatively analyze, evaluate and optimize the logistics park designing, which needs to be solved scientifically. At present, more of the domestic logistics park planning of a part of the qualitative analysis, the lack of quantitative and overall study, resulting in internal structure disjointed. Based on cellular automata theory, this paper presents a hybrid traffic flow model which is more suitable for the traffic characteristics of the logistics park, and analyzes the complexity of the collection and evacuation system in the logistics park, combined with BP neural network and its improved algorithm, the method of road design in Logistics Park is studied and the feasibility and validity of the model and algorithm are verified by an example. The train of thought is expected to provide for the planning and construction of the internal road in the logistics park.

Planning for a Biodiversity Park as limited tourism area development in Seruyan Regency

Biodiversity Park (Kehati) is an area with the function of preserving local biological resources outside the forest area, especially for plants whose pollination and/or seed dispersal are assisted by wildlife, with a vegetation structure and composition that supports the sustainability of pollinators and seed dispersers. One of the efforts that can be undertaken is through sustainable planning of Kehati parks. This research focuses on the location of the Kehati park in the Asam Baru village, Danau Seluluk District, Seruyan Regency. The aim is to develop an ecological and sustainable limited tourism area that supports the conservation of biological resources in Seruyan Regency. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with field surveys and literature reviews, including direct observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The planning stages of the Kehati park start with inventory, site analysis, followed by generating planning concepts and site plans. Based on the inventory and site analysis results, a planning concept is developed, consisting of space, circulation, vegetation, and facility concepts. The spatial concept of the Kehati park is determined by the area's functions. Circulation is designed to prioritize user convenience in accessing and engaging within the area. Vegetation planning is based on ecological and physical functions of the area, while facility planning emphasizes the grouping of facilities for each spatial function. The site plan for the Kehati park meets government regulations, with infrastructure development covering only 1.13% of the total area. The planning aims to achieve its objectives with the support of all relevant parties in the management and development of a sustainable limited tourism destination.

Evolution Model, Mechanism, and Performance of Urban Park Green Areas in the Grand Canal of China

Urban park green areas are part of territorial space planning, shouldering the mission of providing residents with high-quality ecological products and public space. Using a combination of several measurement models such as the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, ESDA (Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis), MLR (Machine Learning Regression), GWR (Geographically Weighted Regression), and GeoDetector, this paper presents an empirical study on the changes in Urban Park Green Areas (UPGAs) in the Grand Canal of China. By quantitatively measuring the spatio–temporal evolution patterns of UPGAs, this study reveals the driving mechanisms behind them and proposes policy recommendations for planning and management based on performance evaluation. The spatio–temporal evolution of UPGAs and their performance in China’s Grand Canal are characterized by significant spatial heterogeneity and correlation, with diversified development patterns such as HH (High-scale–High-growth), HL (High-scale–Low-growth), LH (Low-scale–High-growth), and LL (Low-scale–Low-growth) emerging. The evolution performance is dominated by positive oversupply and positive equilibrium, where undersupply coexists with oversupply. Therefore, this paper recommends the implementation of a zoning strategy in the future spatial planning of ecological green areas, urban parks, and green infrastructure. It is also recommended to design differentiated construction strategies and management policies for each zoning area, while promoting inter-city mutual cooperation in the joint preparation and implementation of integrated symbiosis planning. Furthermore, the spatio–temporal evolution of the UPGAs in the Grand Canal of China is influenced by many factors with very complex dynamic mechanisms, and there are significant differences in the nature, intensity, spatial effects, and interaction effects between different factors. Therefore, in the future management of ecological green areas, urban parks, and green infrastructure, it is necessary to interconnect policies to enhance their synergies in population, aging, industry and economy, and ecological civilization to maximize the policy performance.

The Urban Public Park of 21st Century: Challenges and Prospectives

The negligence of adequate planning and development of urban public parks in Nigeria is a huge setback to cities achieving maximum utilization in their social, economic, physical, and environmental sectors. This is coupled with many other managerial problems in maintaining the few available ones; and as such it has led to the gradual decay of the nation’s public parks in urban centres and, hence reduced their benefit to the built environment. The garden has become a part of our daily lives. It has become increasingly important since the 18th and 19th centuries. Parks in the city have begun to be abandoned and city dwellers are more comfortable spending their time in the countryside away from the hustle and bustle of the city. However, since the end of the 20th century, urban residents have begun to realize the importance of urban parks in their daily lives. They have begun to realize the importance of a quality environment and life. To meet these changing needs and wants, it is important to re-evaluate the construction of our city's public parks by looking at their true function in meeting the needs of life, environment, and socio-culture of the users. An open-ended questionnaire administered with twenty-one participants (regular users of public urban parks), reviews the literature on the general need for developing urban parks in Nigeria and critically examines the planning, development designs, and the important facilities and management procedures for urban parks. The result of this study will ensure dignity and remove the intrigues attracted to implementing urban renewal and regional planning programs and it will ensure the sustainability of every urban park project in Nigeria. These benefits include general beauty, healthy lifestyles, increased leisure activities, communal interaction and preservation of natural systems, and maximizing abandoned land spaces.

Parking choice behavior analysis of rural residents based on latent variable random forest model

ABSTRACT The imbalance of rural parking supply and demand has a great impact on traffic congestion and environmental pollution, which has attracted the attention of many scholars as well as policymakers. However, most of the current research on parking choice mainly focuses on urban business and residential areas, lacks research on rural parking choice behavior, and focuses on the analysis of observable factors, ignoring the internal relationship with potential variables. Based on this, this study considers the heterogeneity of individuals and uses the random forest algorithm to construct a model of rural residents’ willingness to choose parking with both latent and explicit variables, to explore how much and in what ways individual characteristics and parking characteristics affect rural residents’ parking choices, and to explore parking planning programs and strategies that are truly applicable to rural areas. The results of the study suggest that safety and convenience of the parking environment are key factors influencing the parking choice behavior of rural residents, and can greatly improve the predictive accuracy of the parking willingness model. Upon comparison, it is found that the application of the random forest algorithm is also significantly better than the logit model in terms of prediction effect, indicating that there is a nonlinear effect among the factors influencing the parking choice behavior of rural residents and that the random forest model with the addition of latent variables provides a better explanatory ability for the study of the parking choice behavior of rural residents.

Quantification and mapping of the cooling effect of urban parks on the temperate monsoon climate zone

As a major type of Nature-based solutions(Nbs)to combat urban climate challenges in densely developed urban areas, urban parks (a combination of blue and green infrastructure) could mitigate regional microclimate by providing a significant cooling effect. In this study, the cooling effects of 50 urban parks in the temperate monsoon climate zone of China were comprehensively evaluated from the maximum perspective and accumulative perspective using four cooling indices, namely, park cooling area (PCA), park cooling efficiency (PCE), park cooling intensity (PCI) and park cooling gradient (PCG). Results have shown that 90 % of urban parks generate significant cooling effects, with land surface temperature (LST) averaging 3.35 °C lower than ambient LST. The park's characteristics significantly influenced the cooling effect (especially PCE, PCI, and PCG). Park size was the main factor contributing to the increase of PCA and the decrease of PCE. Additionally, the threshold value of efficiency for a 130-ha land area was calculated based on PCA. It was difficult to balance the simultaneous growth of cooling range efficiency and accumulative LST reduction efficiency. In the case of limited space, targeting parks with high PCE or PCI and PCG was recommended by designing the complexity of park shapes or increasing the proportion of water bodies. These findings help in the planning and construction of urban parks to rationalize resources to meet the different cooling needs of residents.

From 3D Modeling to Landscape Mapping—A Workflow for the Visualization and Communication of the Asinara Island Park Plan

This paper aims to present the method for producing visual media for communicating the Asinara Island National Park plan. These products are landscape visualizations capable of fostering landscape preservation both from the point of view of the management of the landscape and of the citizen’s involvement in the communication of the historical and environmental values of the landscape. Starting from landscape information gathering, the research has experimented with an operative method for processing different graphic representations from the same geographic database, calibrating the outputs to different audiences, their needs, objectives, and literacy skills. Three different types of products are presented as results of the research: The first is a digital, dynamic, and multisectoral decision-making GIS tool for park management. The second is a 3D model, aimed at virtual fruition. The third is a map of the zoning park plan drawn to be easily readable to the non-expert public. The results of this case study can be applied to other context and planning processes because of the replicability of the experimented method, which allows for processing the landscape information to make different visualization tools from a single geographic model, to meet the different requirements that arise from a complex landscape planning process.

An improved accessibility index to effectively assess urban park allocation: Based on working and residential situations

Fast-paced life places significant pressure on urban residents. Park green space can improve human well-being, reduce work stress, and contribute to physical and mental health. However, parks may not be sufficiently used. The static assessment of park accessibility ignores different situations in residents' daily lives, which may lead to an incomplete evaluation. This study measures urban park accessibility (UPA) in working and residential situations in central Shanghai. It develops an effective utilization accessibility (EUA) index to assess the integrated supply and availability of parks by considering the dynamic spatiotemporal behavior of residents. The results show that several subdistricts have high EUA, and the spatial allocation of parks is inequitable. The rich park resources in the city's central area cannot be fully used by residents. There is an obvious distinction between the UPA values of the working and residential situations. Thus, we suggest that in future urban park planning, the working situation should be incorporated, and the functions and distribution of parks should be considered specifically for target groups. According to our findings, the EUA index is valid. It can sufficiently reflect the spatial equity of urban park allocation and inform park planning and design.

Effecting Carrying Capacity of Parks in Korba City: Using Cifuentes Method


 In the process of rapid urbanization, the need for green open spaces is increasing, predominantly that of parks. Parks play a vital role in the social, economic, and physical well-being of city dwellers. Park visitors often prefer to visit parks, which have good potential to accommodate the optimal number of visitors without compromising the quality of experience. Due to the lack of understanding of parks and visitors’ requirements, parks are either under-utilised or over-utilized. The optimal visitors carrying capacity is an important parameter to assess the optimal number of visitors an Urban park can accommodate in a given time. This study presents a method to calculate the optimal carrying capacity of visitors. For this purpose, a conventional three-level procedure of visitor carrying capacity for parks was considered in Korba City. In this regard, the physical, real and effective carrying capacity was estimated using “the Cifuentes method”. For this study, three parks from Korba City (C.G., India) were selected that are Silver jubilee park, Smriti nagar park and Vivekanand Udyan. The finding of research indicates that the mentioned three parks were working below the limit of carrying capacity, which means the facilities are underutilised. The outcome signifies may serve as a tool for the future planning of parks as well as other type of ecological environment such as national parks and zoo used for recreational activities. Hence, landscape architects, city planners and policymakers can work in the direction to derive significant information about the parks and park visitors for the optimal utilisation of the park

Planning and Design of Modern Agricultural Industrial Park Based on Rural Revitalization Strategy -A Case Study of Fenghuang, Mingshan, Ya'an, Sichuan Province

To develop the countryside, the industry must be revitalized. Modern agricultural industrial park, as an important content of implementing the rural revitalization strategy and deepening the agricultural supply-side reform during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, requires high attention to the multi-functionality of rural agriculture, organically combining the multi-functionality of agriculture with the improvement of rural infrastructure, the soundness of rural functions, and the industrialization of rural agriculture, avoiding the weak functionality of traditional agriculture, strengthening the strong functionality of smart agriculture and functional agriculture, realizing the organic integration of urban and rural elements, and making rural development comparable to urban development. Taking the planning and design of the modern agricultural industrial park in Fenghuang, Mingshan, Ya'an, Sichuan Province as an example, this paper starts from the current situation of the development of modern agricultural industrial parks in China, explores the existing resources of Fenghuang Village, analyzes its industrial development trend, and then plans and designs the planning and operation strategy, planning positioning, spatial layout and other aspects, in order to provide reference for the local government and the innovative development of modern agricultural industrial parks.

Soundscape Perception and Preference in the context of Malaysian Urban Parks

Park soundscape studies are receiving increasing attention in cities due to the increasing noise pollution in urban centers. As soundscape is dependent on people-place-interaction, there is still a lack of knowledge on how the socio-demography of the park users influences the perceptions and preferences of the soundscapes in the parks of Malaysia. Most studies on soundscape perception are linked to the general population in developed Western and Eastern countries, investigating the relationship of perception with mental well-being. This paper addresses the gap between the park’s sound profile and soundscape perception in the context of a developing country, Malaysia. A random sampling of 423 park users in four selected Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya parks was used to conduct an on-site survey regarding their perceptions of the park’s soundscape. The study revealed that soundscape perception differs among park visitors in a typical urban park in Malaysia. Three dimensions of socio-demographic and behavioural attributes were found to be associated with the perception and preferences of park soundscapes, which are (1) age and educational level, related to the perception of the dominance of human sounds; (2) distance from home and sensitivity of park users revealed that those who are stressed and more sensitive to noises influence their expectations of the pleasantness and calmness of the park’s soundscape; and (3) gender and occupation on the other hand only relates to the dominance of natural sounds indicating that females are more sensitive to the sounds of nature when in a park. It is crucial to consider the needs of all park visitors to provide a supporting soundscape which matches the activities carried out in the parks. These results implicate Malaysian park planning and management by serving a further understanding of the relationship between the soundscape of the parks from the perspective of different park users.

Did COVID-19 Reshape Visitor Preferences in Urban Parks? Investigating Influences on Sentiments in Shanghai, China

Urban parks can be critical components of city landscapes. In the wake of COVID-19, understanding the role of urban parks in helping to elicit positive sentiment and improve the overall well-being of visitors has gained new traction in the literature. This research distinctively investigates whether the COVID-19 pandemic altered preferences regarding urban parks and identifies the key landscape attributes and environmental factors that influenced positive visitor sentiment, thereby addressing a critical gap in understanding the evolving dynamics of urban green spaces in the post-pandemic era. We use a mixed methods approach that includes natural language processing techniques to analyze crowd sourced data across more than 100 urban parks in Shanghai, China. Not surprisingly, our results highlight a post-pandemic rise in preferences for neighborhood parks and features typically associated with neighborhood parks, such as walking accessibility and surrounding residential densities. In addition, we found six park features, the presence of grasslands, water bodies, walking paths, and proximity to shopping facilities, significantly impacted the ways in which people perceived their park experience. These insights can guide urban park planning, design, and management in our evolving post-pandemic landscape to help ensure that urban parks continue to serve as essential urban spaces.

Modeling walking accessibility to urban parks using Google Maps crowdsourcing database in the high-density urban environments of Hong Kong

Accessing urban parks is important for promoting physical activities and improving public health. In this study, we propose the use of Google Maps crowdsourcing data and the incorporation of park attractiveness to model urban park accessibility in the complex urban environments of Hong Kong. The difference between using geometric and route distance, the effect of park attractiveness in measuring accessibility, and the benefits gained from using walk time compared to distance are investigated. Our result shows that (1) route and geometric distances have a strong correlation with a conversion factor of about 1.5; (2) the common assumption that park size can be a proxy for describing attractiveness may not be correct. Instead, park attractiveness should be explicitly considered for a more effective accessibility modeling; and (3) estimation by walking time shows that there are non-negligible impacts from street conditions and traffic on urban park accessibility. Moreover, district hotspots short of park accessibility or attractiveness can be explicitly detected. Overall, this developed approach provides a flexible and informative approach to model the accessibility to urban parks. The outputs will help city planners, health professionals, and policymakers to evaluate and improve urban park planning and equity in accessibility in high-density cities.

Assessing and transferring social value of ecosystem services in wetland parks based on SolVES model

Wetland parks have become important components of urban landscapes. Assessing and transferring the social value of wetland ecosystem services is important for enhancing human well-being. In this study, we selected Caiyunhu National Wetland Park (CNWP) in Chongqing, China, Huanhuaxi Wetland Park (HWP) in Chengdu, Sichuan, China and Wusongpaotaiwan National Wetland Park (WNWP) in Shanghai, China for study. The Social Value for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) model is constructed from a survey to quantitatively evaluate the social value of CNWP. Then, the social value transfer model is used to predict the social values at WNWP and HWP. This study discovered the followings: (1) when there are abundant environmental factors, aesthetic value and recreation value have higher performance, and policy sites with greater socioeconomic matching benefit more from the transfer model. (2) Water bodies and bridges have a high impact on social value in Chinese-style wetland parks, often generating higher social value near the water. (3) In the future construction of wetland parks, more attention should be given to the combination of water, bridges and roads, which can improve the cultural services of wetland parks. The value transfer model has a positive impact on the evaluation of the social value of wetland parks, and improving its utilization can play a guiding role in future wetland park planning and renovation.

Landscape Health Assessment of Suburban Forest Park: A Case Study Based on Multiple Sampling Units and Functional Characteristics

Assessing the landscape health of suburban forest parks is a prerequisite for achieving the dual objectives of forest resource conservation and recreational services. However, studies that analyze landscape health in suburban forest parks at a landscape scale by subdividing the landscape into multiple sampling units and adopting a multi-functional perspective have been limited. This study focuses on Xiqiao Mountain National Forest Park and establishes a landscape classification system and indices, taking into account its multifunctionalities. The study employs the entropy weight method to determine indicator weights and utilizes grid analysis and spatial interpolation to analyze the spatial distribution of landscape health under multiple sampling units and functionalities, along with the differences in its impact and influencing factors. The results indicate that: (1) regions with “very poor” and “poor” landscape health grades under multiple sampling units and functionalities exhibited a sheet-like distribution pattern, covering approximately 69.46% to 98.86% of the total area. In contrast, regions with “very good” and “good” grades are primarily located in block-like or linear patterns in the northern, central, and southern regions of the park, accounting for approximately 1.07% to 17.20% of the total area. (2) The area ratios of “very good” and “good” landscape health grades for recreational landscapes under varying sampling units were consistently higher than those of the same grades for eco-conservational landscapes, with a 5.03%–15.43% difference. This suggests a greater emphasis on recreational functionality. (3) The impact of three different sampling unit sizes on the landscape health of Xiqiao Mountain National Forest Park under multifunctionalities is not significantly different; however, the forest/non-forest area ratio and quantity ratio are vital factors influencing its landscape health. The landscape health assessment results, considering multiple sampling units and functionalities in this study, serve to provide technical method support and practical case references for the planning, construction, and management decision-making of suburban forest parks.

Urban Pocket Parks and Wellbeing: A Critical Review and Research Agendas

Pocket parks are a relatively new park model that has emerged in recent decades. Compared with traditional parks, it has a smaller scale, a more flexible location, and can play a specific role in the city. This paper reviews and summarizes the existing research related to pocket parks. On traditional issues, this paper summarizes the planning of pocket parks, human health, and user preferences. At the same time, this paper points out that the problems of vulnerable groups and environmental justice in pocket parks need to be further studied. While reviewing the current research situation, it proposes a future research agenda. 1. The definition of pocket park needs to be unified. 2. More attention should be paid to more minority groups. 3. Environmental justice needs interdisciplinary research.