Solid Waste Management Plan Research Articles

الوضع الراهن لتداول المخلفات الصلبة في المنطقة الغربية من ليبيا

Proper planning for solid waste management, as well as working to provide appropriate data and statistics related to the causes of the problem, are among the most important effective means that contribute to achieving sustainable development. Since the problem of waste accumulation has become a source of concern, this study aimed to evaluate the current situation of municipal solid waste in the western region of Libya and estimate the effects of some social and economic factors on the waste generation. Working teams have been formed to communicate with the competent official authorities to collect the necessary data regarding waste management, amount of generation, composition, means of transporting waste and transfer stations. The data were analyzed and the obtained results showed that the estimated quantity of solid waste generated from Surman, Sabratha and Al-Jameel was 31,450 tons/year at a rate of 0.95 kg/capita/day, 61,700 tons/year at a rate 1.3 kg/capita/day and 33,600 tons/year at a rate of 1 kg/capita/day, respectively. Comparing these rates with generation rates for different Libyan cities shows that the highest generation rate was in the municipality of Sabratha. The average percentages of the various components of the composition of solid household waste generated by the population of the study area compared to the Tripoli and Benghazi area were close to each other. In general, food waste constitutes the largest percentage and in a larger quantity in Benghazi. As for solid waste management in general in terms of transportation and disposal, it is uneven as a result of poor planning and the lack of devices and equipment necessary to collect and transport waste from cities to the landfill site. Solid waste is considered a national wealth that can generate significant returns due to the possibility of recycling and using most of its components. Random disposal wastes materials that may be of high economic value, in addition to the accompanying negative effects on the environment and health.

OPTIMIZATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SUMBAWA DISTRICT USING A DYNAMIC SYSTEM MODEL

The main problem that occurs in society today apart from basic needs is the problem of waste. This waste problem certainly needs a solution in good, effective, sustainable and long-term management. The waste issue not only occur in big cities but also in developing areas. Sumbawa Regency as one of the regions that continues to develop and grow requires optimum and long-term planning of solid waste management and systems. In 2021, the waste handled in Sumbawa Regency will only be around 17.5% of the total waste. This shows that the waste management system in Sumbawa Regency is not optimal. Optimal waste management can be achieved by taking an academic approach through model development. One such model is the dynamic system model. This can describe the causal relationship between variables that affect solid waste problems and to provide an overview of the waste management system through simulations based on the factors that influence the processing model. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an optimization model for waste management specifically in Sumbawa Regency using a dynamic systems approach. The purpose of this study is to describe waste management in the form of an optimization model for waste management in Sumbawa Regency with a dynamic system. Optimization results show that the optimistic model yields a total of 127.01 tons/day, the moderate model yields a total of 98.23 tons/day and the pessimistic model produces 62.5 tons/day

Circular Economy Aspects of the New National Solid Waste Management Plan and Citizens' Engagement in Northern Greece

Circular Economy Aspects of the New National Solid Waste Management Plan and Citizens' Engagement in Northern Greece

Waste-to-Energy Generation: Complex World Project Analysis

Sustainable development and the circular economy mandate efficacious management of waste. The annually increasing volumes of municipal solid waste pose a formidable global challenge. Waste-to-energy conversion, utilizing thermochemical or biochemical technologies, presents a viable solution for mitigating waste disposal concerns. This study conducts a thorough analysis of extant projects to evaluate the economic viability and environmental benefits across various technologies. Employing a self-compiled, unique database, our examination spans enterprises operational from 1980 to 2022, including 37 of the most representative facilities across Europe, North America, and East and Southeast Asia. Economic efficiency is gauged through the levelized cost of electricity generated by these installations, while environmental impacts are assessed based on the statistics on prevented greenhouse gas emissions. The methodology encompasses correlation and techno–economic analyses and expert evaluation. Contrary to conventional wisdom, our findings challenge the ubiquity of scale effects among technologies and the presumed decline in electricity generation costs with newer technologies. However, they corroborate the enhanced environmental benefits of recent technological advancements. The insights derived from this research are poised to inform strategic municipal solid waste management planning in Russia and beyond, offering a foundation for the design of new facilities. The scientific novelty of this work lies in its holistic approach to analyzing the ecological and economic efficiencies of all extant technologies.

National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP): Challenges and Advances after 10 Years of Implementation

A decade after the implementation of the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP), municipalities continue to face challenges in implementation. This study aimed to assess the influence of the Municipal Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan (MISWMP) and proper waste disposal in the main cities of the country, in light of the National System of Information on Solid Waste Management (NSISWM). The analyzed data indicate slight advances related to what the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP) proposes, stemming from difficulties in implementing the policy itself and/or making its instruments viable, especially in cities in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. Practices such as improper waste disposal in open dumps or controlled landfills and incineration characterize the reality of Brazil, even a decade after the publication of the NSWP. Among the adopted strategies, waste recycling emerges as significant, with emphasis on composting and energy generation from biogas. There is a need for the integration of municipalities, states, and the Union to provide support for them to better exploit the potential in the generated waste, based on dominant technologies. It is also noteworthy the absence of updated data and cities' non-compliance with individual declarations in the NSISWM, regarding the provision of public solid waste management services, contradicting the policy itself and hindering the transparency of each municipality's data, making it difficult or even preventing monitoring by interested parties, civil society, and public and private entities.

ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE INDICADORES SOCIOECONÓMICOS Y AMBIENTALES Y EL DESTINO FINAL DE LOS RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS DE LOS MUNICIPIOS DE MINAS GERAIS

Society produces various types of waste that can trigger different types of impacts on the environment, such as the spread of diseases, when not treated and disposed of correctly. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association between socioeconomic indicators (GDP, HDI and population size) and PMGIRS, with the final destination given to MSW in the municipalities of Minas Gerais. The methodology used in the work was the segregation and crossing of data from the IBGE and FEAM websites, by categories between the final destination of Urban Solid Waste (MSW) with socioeconomic indicators (GDP and HDI), the size of the population and the existence of Municipal Integrated Solid Waste Management Plans (PMGIRS) in the state of Minas Gerais. An association was found between HDI and MSW final destination, in the years 2015 and 2016, explained by education, longevity and income. PMGIRS and GDP showed no association with the final destination of MSW in the years 2012, 2015 and 2016, possibly justified by the lack of technical knowledge in its preparation and implementation. It is concluded that the final destination of MSW is not only associated with political and economic issues, but depends on the education, interest, participation and awareness of the population.

STRATEGIES AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN PORT LOKO CITY

To create a framework for long-term, sustainable solid waste management, this paper examines the Port Loko municipalitys solid waste management plan and public involvement. It sets out: to examine the waste management tactics employed by the Port Loko City Council; to evaluate the methods used for solid waste management transportation; to investigate whether dustbins are available for collecting solid waste throughout the city; to determine whether land fill is available; to evaluate the degree of public involvement in the procedures related to solid waste management; to create a framework for long-term, sustainable solid waste management. The primary means of addressing the objectives was by means of semi-structured interviews and discussions with diverse stakeholders and members of the municipalitys community. The current solid waste management system was examined in the study, along with input from the general public, to determine its advantages and disadvantages. It was found that Port Loko Citys current solid waste management system is not sustainable. The separation of waste is not provided for. Waste is not being collected or transported in an appropriate or sufficient manner. Officially, recycling and composting of waste are not permitted. People are not involved in the decision-making process regarding solid waste because the majority of the waste is disposed of in open landfills. Additionally, the study examined the recently suggested solid waste management system. It was discovered that the recently suggested system, which includes a framework for a two-stream waste segregation system, is superior to the current system. The current waste collection and transportation system is not as good as the proposed one. A key component of the plan is the composting of biodegradable waste. But to create a solid waste management system that is sustainable, important issues were left out of the proposed system

Unveiling greenwashing in Colombian manufacturing: A machine learning approach

Greenwashing is the misleading use of environmental claims to market non-eco-friendly products, a growing concern as environmentally conscious consumers seek eco-friendly options. This study aims to identify factors that allow the detection of “greenwashing” practices in Colombian companies across various industrial sectors holding certifications such as ISO14001, the Colombian environmental seal, the district environmental excellence program, or international/regional environmental certifications. We employed a quantitative, cross-sectional methodology using three machine learning algorithms (Decision Tree Classification, Random Forest, Logistic Regression) and the double machine learning technique to identify causal effects and significant variables. Additionally, a greenwashing indicator was formulated, considering two variables: (a) Presence of a comprehensive solid waste management plan, and (b) Presence of a water usage and conservation program. Our findings reveal substantial variations in the adoption of environmental management practices across diverse industrial sectors and regions in Colombia. It is noteworthy that our research emphasizes that: (i) companies with an environmental contingency plan and a monitoring program are less likely to engage in greenwashing; (ii) expenses for personnel dedicated to environmental protection activities and the investment and expenses related to air and climate protection also reduce the likelihood of greenwashing; (iii) companies in the manufacturing of non-metallic mineral products sector are more likely to engage in greenwashing. It was also found that a significant proportion of Colombian industrial companies with environmental certifications do not fully embrace sustainable practices, implying limited effectiveness of environmental certifications in the country (56,09%). This research contributes to the taxonomy of greenwashing by delving into various types identified in the literature. It sheds light on selective disclosure, emphasizing that mere certification without tangible actions can constitute greenwashing. The broadened concept of decoupling now includes not only meeting shareholder expectations but also failing to meet those set by certifications. Attention deflection involves diverting focus toward certifications rather than real investments in environmental practices. Deceptive manipulation occurs when certifications create a misleading perception without concrete actions. Additionally, dubious authorizations and labels are revealed, showcasing the vulnerability of eco-labels to fraud. The study enriches existing categories, viewing certifications as potential instruments for greenwashing, reinforcing the need for substantial, measurable actions to validate sustainability claims.

Community Engagement in Solid Waste Management: An In-Depth Analysis of Household Participation and Practices in Chelstone Township in Lusaka, Zambia

The study investigated the efficacy of community engagement in solid waste management in Chelstone Township, with a focus on household involvement and participation. Understanding the extent of community participation in solid waste management is critical for improving waste management systems and developing sustainable practices in local communities. Chelstone Township, Lusaka Province, Zambia, presented an attractive backdrop for investigating community engagement in solid waste management due to its unique blend of social, economic, cultural, and political elements. Chelstone’s population is diversified, with a mix of indigenous residents and migrants from other regions of Zambia, living in both informal settlements and more affluent residential neighborhoods. To examine the level of community engagement in solid waste management in Chelstone Township, the researchers used a mixed-method approach that included both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The study found that community involvement in solid waste management was only partially effective, owing to a lack of household participation in decision-making procedures. According to the findings, community engagement in solid waste management was predominantly routed through councilors, resulting in insufficient representation of households in planning and decision-making. Community-based enterprises (CBEs) also demonstrated a lack of household engagement. The study identified obstacles such as waste politicization, a lack of information, distance collection places, unreliable collection services, and issues with openness and accountability in cash allocation. The outcomes of the study highlight the importance of increased education efforts to encourage community participation in garbage management. To supplement local government initiatives, effective engagement of stakeholders such as community organizations, NGOs, and commercial sector entities is advised. The study recommends incorporating community people in solid waste management planning, decision-making, and implementation.

Solid Waste Generation and Characterization in a State University

This study investigated the solid waste generation and characterization at Mindanao State University (MSU) - Main Campus in Marawi City, addressing the critical issues of unsustainable waste management practices. Despite the recent establishment of waste management facilities in Marawi City, including a Central Material Recovery Facility (CMRF) and a Category 4 Sanitary Landfill (SLF), the campus and much of the city need help with effective waste disposal. This has led to environmental challenges such as clogged drainage systems, open dumping, and air pollution from waste burning. The study fills an essential gap in solid waste generation and characterization data, which is crucial for effective solid waste management (SWM) planning as mandated by the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003). Using a descriptive-comparative research design, the study surveyed 216 units, including residential buildings, rental properties, commercial establishments, and university facilities. The findings reveal that the MSU-Main Campus generates 9438.011 kg of waste daily, with a per capita waste generation rate of 0.9371 kg/day— significantly higher than the national average. Residential buildings are the primary waste generators, contributing nearly half of the total waste, followed by lodgings. Waste characterization reveals a substantial proportion of non-biodegradable waste (38.29%), with biodegradable waste accounting for 35.46% of the total. These findings highlight the urgent need for systematic waste management strategies, particularly focusing on waste segregation, recycling, and waste reduction to mitigate the environmental impact on campus. The study provides a comprehensive data foundation for developing a solid waste management plan and underscores the role of academic institutions in leading sustainable practices.

Selective collection: economic and socio-environmental impacts in municipalities of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

This study estimates the economic, social and environmental contributions of the selective collection of solid waste, highlighting the increase in the production of this waste in Brazil, despite the existence of robust environmental legislation. Addressing Law nº. 12,305/2010 – National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) and the Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan (PMGRS), the work proposes the implementation of selective collection in municipalities. Based on case studies and bibliographical research, questionnaires are applied to managers of organizations that perform the service. Selective collection contributes to a cleaner environment, favoring correct environmental practices. Furthermore, it promotes social inclusion through cooperative organizations, as provided for in the PNRS, generating income for participants. The study highlights the selected collection as an agent of environmental awareness and socioeconomic inclusion, verifying the specific difficulties of the analyzed municipalities and defending the strengthening of the organizations involved.

Implications of solid waste dumps on the microplastic abundance in groundwater in Kollam, India

Water pollution caused by microplastics has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to its potential ecological and human health risks. However, there are very limited studies and a general lack of consensus regarding the presence and negative impacts of microplastics in groundwater. Due to their small size, microplastics can easily be transported at surface as well as subsurface levels, potentially reaching the groundwater table and contaminating the groundwater system This contamination is expected to occur more rapidly in landfill areas and other locations where plastic waste is dumped. In this study, we examined well water samples collected from areas near various dumping sites to assess the abundance and characteristics of microplastics. An average of 12 items/L of microplastics were found in groundwater wells near eight dumping sites in Kollam Corporation. The predominant shape of microplastics in the groundwater samples was fibres, followed by flakes, with black being the predominant colour. The areal extent of solid waste dumping was observed to have an influence on the abundance of microplastics. Additionally, the pH of groundwater near heavy dumping sites was found to be in the acidic range, indicating the intrusion of leachate from dumps into groundwater. The study revealed that the leachate from solid waste dumps is the primary source of microplastics in groundwater. Furthermore, a risk assessment of the microplastic pollution was carried out using an index namely Microplastic Pollution Index and the areas of high risks were identified. The locations having heavy solid waste dumping and those near coastal areas were observed to be at high risk, thereby indicating that both the leachate from dumps and sea water intrusion can cause higher microplastic pollution risk in the groundwater system. The findings of this study are expected to support managers in formulating and implementing effective solid waste management plans to mitigate microplastic pollution in the groundwater system.

A sustainable green reverse logistics plan for plastic solid waste management using TOPSIS method.

Recycling solid plastic waste is helpful for resource utilisation in a sustainable manner, and this can lead to reverse logistics to recover waste in supply chain management. In developing economies, it is very essential to recover waste and recycle it, as mismanagement of it could hasten the development of negative socioeconomic and environmental issues. This paper investigates plastic waste recycling by means of reverse logistics management. We feature Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), which is a multi-criteria decision-making approach to selecting a suitable warehouse that will assist the decision-maker and supply the product to the re-manufacturing cell by inspecting the waste. The paper also focuses on the carbon emissions that are emitted during re-manufacturing through a mathematical model that minimises the total cost and total carbon emissions. A case study of the plastic re-manufacturing industry in Tripura, India, is shown here to present the steps of the decision support system. The model is programmed with real-life data from the case study and yields a total cost of Rs. 2894.37 and total emissions of 414.15 gm/lt, when the disposal cost is considered; without it, the total cost is Rs. 2668.69 and the total emissions are 413.54 gm/lt. The results obtained are promising for reducing carbon emissions from the recycling process of plastic waste at a lower cost. This research will also help the environment cope with plastic waste, which has become a threat to nature, as well as carbon emissions that come from the industry. Finally, some managerial insights and suitable analyses with pictorial representation are proposed.

Infrastructure, curriculum delivery and service provision improvements made by the University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka in transforming education towards sustainability in the midst of economic crisis, in post-covid 19 pandemic period.

Covid-19 pandemic followed by the economic crisis that engulfed Sri Lanka (SL) has forced us to redefine strategies in transforming education towards sustainability. During and after the pandemic period, the University of Kelaniya (UOK) invested in multiple upgrades to its learning management system, server capacities, wifi access points, web-based educational resources, and development of human capital both academic and academic support. This preparedness has enabled UOK to continue academic activities in the midst of the current economic crisis in SL. Though distance learning was critical during the pandemic, university provides indispensable physical and social space. When resuming onsite learning, to enable an inclusive and conducive environment in classrooms, UOK is meeting green building ratings for its new constructions. Low-cost, on-campus student accommodations were improved in numbers, facilities, and access to differently-abled. Further, to ensure access to quality education despite the crippled economy and food scarcity, a cafeteria was converted into an energy-efficient, self-sustaining, non-profit venture that provides affordable, nutritional meals. Large scale vegetable cultivation project was initiated using compost produced as part of the solid waste management plan at the university to support the cafeteria. Simultaneously, support programs and awareness programs were conducted on managing mental health, nutritional requirements, and finances in an economic crisis. These programs were extended to the community with the support of students, facilitating education through social engagements. Last, despite budget cuts, funding for research was secured, with the hope of transforming education at UOK towards a sustainable future.

Perception on the Proper Solid Waste Management among Navaleños

One of the significant issues in developing nations like the Philippines is improper solid waste management. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the residents of the Municipality of Naval on solid waste management. As the Municipality of Naval aims to become a city, it is high time for the municipality to have proper, systematic, and scientific programs on solid waste management. So, to comprehend how the Navaleos view solid waste management, the researchers conducted this study. The researchers collected the data from the biggest barangay in the municipality using the standardized questionnaire of Trondillo et al. (2018). Using descriptive- correlational research design, the researchers analyzed the data collected using multivariate regression analysis. Results show that Navaleños are aware of the laws and regulations on solid waste management. However, there are negative responses to the awareness, practice & attitude toward solid waste management. Results also show that Navaleños rated the solid waste management programs of the government as neutral or slightly effective. With this, information campaigns, seminars, proper solid waste management plans, and incentives are recommended to intervene in this problem. Keywords – solid waste management, Naval, Biliran, municipal waste, perception, KAP

Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Monitoring and/or Control of Composting Processes

The implementation of a suitable and ecologically friendly solid waste management plan is accepted as an essential need. Given that organic matter constitutes the majority of solid waste, composting has gained popularity as an alternative way of organic refuse recycling. Compost quality is defined by its stability and maturity, both of which must be assessed by measuring a large number of physical–chemical parameters, microbiological variables, and enzymatic activities. These procedures are complex and time-consuming, making it difficult to assess compost quality correctly. Spectroscopy methods could be used as an efficient alternative. In this work, general information about composting processes and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is given. A discussion and comparison of the different approaches of coupling NIRS and chemometric tools for the monitoring and/or control of composting processes are presented in this work.

Integrated solid waste management plan for Khau Galli(food lane in Kohapur)-a case study.

Integrated solid waste management plan for Khau Galli(food lane in Kohapur)-a case study.

Retracted: Development of an Appropriate Uncertainty Model with an Application to Solid Waste Management Planning.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/6988306.].

Sustainability performance evaluation of municipal selective collection systems applied to a case study

Despite the existence of several waste recycling initiatives in Brazil, the national average of recyclable material recovery rates still remains below 3%. In this context, it is necessary to diagnose the performance of systems to implement improvement actions, considering the particularities of each system. In this study, we describe the application of a method capable of diagnosing the effectiveness of selective collection systems by identifying a general sustainability index, calculated based on 16 performance indicators. The study focused on the city of Volta Redonda and was organized into three stages: identification of the performance evaluation method; data collection and calculation of indicators; and calculation of the sustainability index. The index value found for the city was 0.47, which represents an unfavorable level of sustainability. In this case, Volta Redonda is making insufficient investments in its selective waste collection system. The factors that contributed to this low index are: an outdated solid waste management plan, low collection coverage, low recovery rate of recyclable materials, high rejection rate, high selective collection cost, outdated cost of selective collection service, precarious occupational health and safety conditions of members of waste picker cooperatives, and lack of registration of residences for donation of recyclable materials.

Sustainability Analysis of Anaerobic Digestion Systems for Decentralized Waste Management

Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) analyses were utilized to assess decentralized anaerobic digestion (AD)-based solid waste management (SWM) plans for a remote community. A hypothetical developing community of 20,000 habitants was selected with an average municipal solid waste (MSW) generation of 0.51 kg/capita/day. Sustainable SWM is needed to ensure both the environmental and economic aspects. In order to exploit the resource value of the high food fractions in developing countries, sustainable waste management alternatives have been emerged and compared to the commonly used SWM scenario (landfills). The scenario included, collection and transportation of waste, material recovery facility (MRF), AD, and landfilling processes. WRATE software databases were used to obtain data for the life cycle inventory (LCI). The functional unit has been selected as the management of 1 ton of MSW for a study period of 20 years. The scenarios were evaluated via the CML 2001 impact assessment method covering 6 categories including climate change, eutrophication potential, acidification potential, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, human toxicity, and resource depletion. The findings revealed that the proposed strategy improved the life cycle environmental performance in all impact categories and resulted in significant economic savings.