Planetary Resources Research Articles

The use of biotechnological approaches to the production of meat products based on the introduction of resource-saving technologies

The current stage of food technology development is associated with ensuring a qualitatively new leap in the efficiency of using the planet's resources for food production. The article suggests ways to improve the quality, reduce the cost, expand the volume and assortment of food produced on the existing agricultural base while simultaneously developing traditional and non-traditional methods of food production. The aim of the work is to develop recommendations for expanding the range of enriched emulsified meat products using composites based on raw materials of vegetable and animal origin. The results obtained during the research positively assess the prospects for using a composite mixture based on ingredients of vegetable and animal origin as part of minced meat for sausage loaves. The developed functional composite mixture can be successfully used in the technology of minced products of a wide range, including enriched and preventive products for the general population, including children, the elderly, etc. The use of secondary resources of the meat processing industry with the use of biotechnological approaches in the production of food systems opens up wide opportunities for increasing the economic stability of production and saturation of the market with food products that meet the needs of the population and greening of the industry. The developed sausage products contain in their composition a sufficiently high amount of proteins with a relatively low fat content. The introduction of protein-carbon composites into the formulation made it possible to enrich products with proteins, dietary fibers, increase nutritional and biological value. Microbiological sausage products met the requirements for products of this group. The products do not exhibit toxic effects on the test object and as a result are harmless to humans.

Green Agriculture as a Branch of the Green Economy: Problems of Assessing the Complex Environmental Impact

According to the ideology of the green economy, any economic activity should be carried out using technologies that cause minimal damage to the environment. The means and methods used by companies to minimize environmental harm from their activities, which seem effective at first glance and are even generally recognized, may turn out to be very ambiguous with a detailed and comprehensive analysis of their impact on the environment. Unfortunately, both abroad and in the Russian Federation, the level of legal regulation in the use of so-called green technologies, confirmation of their real compliance with the declared goals of environmental protection, as well as the introduction of liability measures for relevant violations and unfair competition remains extremely low. Closer attention on the part of society and the state to the existing problem should be realized in the development of appropriate legislation, both stimulating the development of a green economy according to established standards and rules, and ensuring the establishment of proper control over activities falling into the category of green, for its real compliance with the stated goals of environmental protection and conservation of the planet's resources. Of course, alternative energy should take its place in the system of ensuring the energy security of each state. But it is necessary to use its advantages wisely on the basis of legally established procedures for a comprehensive assessment of their impact on the environment, including in the long term. In the meantime, alternative energy, especially in Western countries, has firmly established the reputation of a "green", environmentally friendly industry, which in many cases is fundamentally wrong. The development of new necessary means and methods of legal regulation, along with their legislative consolidation, should play a key role in stimulating the effective development of society in a "green" direction, namely in a non-destructive direction for the environment.

О соизмеримости несоизмеримого

Today the world lives in a unique historical situation. There are transformations of earthly space and time on the way of collecting numerous tempo worlds of ethnic groups and cultures. The global crisis and environmental catastrophic risks are relentlessly forcing people to unite to solve common problems. Thoughtless attitude to the biosphere, waste of the planet's resources, pollution of the environment are menacing symptoms of the threat of self-destruction of mankind. Only the unification of peoples and an unshakable sense of geosolidarity can resist. The support in the confrontation between technologization and aggressive geopolitics is seen in traditionalism, in the spiritual origins of the traditions of different peoples. The study of non-Western philosophies, attempts to penetrate cultures with different ethnic codes form multiple new trends in the world intellectual space of philosophy. For epistemology, the dialogue of cultures has given rise to a number of methodological problems. What can be the criteria for comparative studies if incommensurable conceptual systems and different worldviews are compared? Science, focused on the knowledge of the external world, relies on intelligence or "embodied consciousness." The empirical mind as an analyzer of feelings in the Indian tradition is not considered independent. The article discusses correlations in the methodological strategies of spiritual thought in the Indian and Old Russian traditions, as well as correlations with the methodologies of non-classical science. The author shows that any abilities in hierarchical ontologies with extreme levels can be thought of only as a part of the whole. Integrity at the ultimate ontological level potentially contains the qualities of subsequent differentiation (emanates). The concept of the mind as dependent is characteristic of spiritual practices, which can be seen in the texts of the Explanatory Palaia and texts of Indian teachings. Comparative analysis of the problem of the nature of intelligence is of interest in connection with discussions on artificial intelligence. An obstacle to the perception of holistic methodologies is the dualistic language in the European tradition (opposition of matter and consciousness, matter and spirit, brain and consciousness). The criteria for the commensurability of different cultural-semiotic systems are developed in the course of the dialogue of cultures.

Ecological Footprint of Food Consumption in Ijebu Ode, Nigeria

A recent study establishes that since 1970, there has been an ecological gap between human needs and the planet's resources, with annual resource demand exceeding the bio-productivity of the planet. Specifically, humanity utilises equivalent of 1.75 earths to produce the ecological resources used, with half of this attributable to food consumption. The present work therefore seeks to provide an empirically-based insight into the environmental sustainability of the EF of food consumption in Ijebu Ode. A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used, and primary data were collected from 400 systemically sampled households via structured questionnaires and analysed descriptively using Microsoft Excel and differentially using mathematical models for calculating ecological footprints. Findings revealed that the household EF of food consumption in Ijebu Ode is 0.05gha per capita, with the footprint of cereal consumption (0.17gha; 37%) taking the major share, followed by meat with a footprint of 0.11gha (23.9%). As a result, it was concluded that Ijebu Ode has sustainable food consumption, which is necessary for its environmental sustainability. However, the sustenance of the former requires creating awareness of the need for sustainable consumption and prioritisation of integrated and population-wide policies and food intervention initiatives to encourage attitudinal change in favour of sustainable food consumption while fostering sustainable food production strategies amidst current environmental realities.

Blue economy: Concept research and review of the European Union

The concept of the blue economy is a part of a new wave of economic thought that emphasizes the sustainable use of natural resources in the world?s oceans, seas and coastal areas. The blue economy, which is dominated by the principle of sustainability, is directly contrasted with the development of another cycle of linear exploitation of limited planetary resources. In contrast, a sustainable blue economy envisages economic activities such as greening shipping, coastal renewable energy, carbon sequestration, eco-tourism, genetic marine resources, sustainable aquaculture and the development of new seafood as new trends in the decades ahead. The paper analyzes the key postulates of the blue economy concept, as well as European experiences and challenges in this field, using the methods of theoretical analysis. Based on the empirical findings of the paper, the general conclusion is that the oceans, coastal areas and marine activities will play a crucial role for the economic and environmental future of the European Union and its citizens. The European blue economy can and must be a central and solid pillar that contributes to the general resilience of society itself. Overall, the European Union has recognized the importance of the blue economy in generating new jobs and achieving prosperity and security, but its potential has yet to be unlocked. What is important is that the affirmation of the concept of the blue economy takes place in the spirit of the fundamental principles of the 2020 strategy, according to which growth must be smart (with respect to integration of cutting edge science-based, innovative solutions and industrial leadership), sustainable (in economic, social and ecological terms tackling societal challenges) and inclusive (considering the multitude of coastal, marine and maritime activities and trade-offs between them). The general lesson is that the European institutions responsible for ocean health and safety must seriously consider an appropriate framework that allows the blue economy to thrive while maintaining high standards of sustainable development in line with the EU?s vision for a carbon-free society. When it comes to the European Union (and its members), the development of the sustainable and fair blue economy in the coming period should take place in accordance with the principles of the European Green Agreement, as a long-term strategy for sustainable growth, which will require: transformation of value chains of the blue economy in terms of moving away from linear business models to circular ones, with less resource consumption and waste; introduction of stricter measures against marine pollution, coastal waste and plastics; fossil fuel replacement; investing in biodiversity conservation; restoration and protection of ecosystems; promoting nature-based solutions and options and incubating marine renewable energy and innovative blue biotechnology. At the same time, all blue economy sectors have to reduce their climate and environmental impact and contribute to the recovery of marine ecosystems. In achieving overarching goals such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing resource efficiency and reducing overall environmental impact, the EU should focus on five promising and innovative sectors, namely: blue energy, aquaculture, coastal and maritime 256 tourism, blue biotechnology and seabed mining. To address the previous challenges, special emphasis should be placed on the need for multisectoral, inclusive, transparent and holistic governance (public-private dialogue) to integrate the sustainable use of human resources with environmental protection and social justice. Improving governance processes should primarily be based on: 1. Citizen engagement and ocean literacy, namely, the involvement and empowerment of local communities and 2. ?ffirmation of maritime spatial planning, with the following advantages: protect the environment through early identification of impact and opportunities for multiple use of space; encourage investment by creating predictability, transparency and clearer rules; increase cross-border cooperation between EU countries to develop energy grids, shipping lanes, pipelines, submarine cables and other activities, but also to develop coherent networks of protected areas; and reduce conflicts between sectors and create synergies between different activities.

Концепції державної політики розвитку “зеленої” економіки: еволюція, сутність, цілі та принципи

Досліджено сутнісні теорії розвитку “зеленої” економіки, які обумовлені неможливістю задоволення нескінченно зростаючих потреб людства в умовах обмеженості ресурсів. Запропоновано визначення терміна “зелена економіка” та виконано порівняльну характеристику концепції “зеленої” економіки, визначено її цілі та принципи. Акцентовано увагу, що модель “зеленої” економіки нормалізує взаємодію людської діяльності і природи. Узагальнюючи існуючі підходи до формування концепції “зеленої” економіки, виокремлено її головні напрямки: екологічний, економічний і соціальний.

Agricultural models based on the rational use of land energy

The paper concludes that the models of modern agricultural technologies are based on energy reserves and huge planetary resources of chemically bound energy resulting from the interaction of organic and inorganic matter. In Russia these models were implemented by way of turning to environmentally friendly sustainable development of the country. The research object was land reserves available in the Russian Federation. The paper justifies a growing geographical fragmentation of labor and its integration into territorial networks and development systems of different levels. The use of natural resources and environmental protection, along with social development, correlate with a specific region, shaping a regional network, which is a diverse combination of specific natural, economic and social ecosystems. The interaction of organic and inorganic energy is a beneficial way to obtain energy, as evidenced by the analysis of planet development. The technospheric evolution into a nature-like product will reflect the interaction of matters and allow for a meta-disciplinary science. The paper presents a series of criteria for ecological assessment of soils for the future. In this regard, the creation and implementation of agricultural technologies adapted to modern conditions is of paramount importance. Based on a feasibility study, it was proposed to develop agricultural technologies that should maximize the use of new types of energy and the interaction between elements of ecosystems from notable to high-intensity, followed by adequate quality products obtained with minimal biological losses. The promotion of optimal agricultural landscapes in the regions will be facilitated by land management with inherent nature conservation measures that imply adopting scientifically based crop rotations and agricultural technologies. These results are applicable for agricultural regions of the country involved in the production of agricultural products within ecological farming.

How to Feed a Growing Population—An IoT Approach to Crop Health and Growth

Humankind consumes the planet's resources beyond what the Earth can provide with estimations according 9.2 billion human beings in 2050 consuming yearly almost twice the resources the Earth can provide. Crop production needs to increase by 70% to be able to feed all the population. A convenient way to address this issue is to produce efficiently respecting the planet. Non-invasive technology at a low cost is a solution to monitor crop growth and health, helping small to medium farmers to increase their productivity keeping in mind the conservation of the planet. Circuits and Systems offer large range of possibilities. We propose to investigate IoT with medium cost sensors to deliver real time, affordable and precise data processing for agriculture producing an Automated Decision-Making Systems (ADMS). This paper is a detailed analysis of plant parameters, sensors and their compatibility with affordable ADMS based IoT systems. Some experimentation of critical parameters show their impacts for plant growth and health. An overview of an IoT system under development is introduced.

Contraddizioni. Il tempo delle città come deserti

In this time spent waiting for solutions that will allow us to once again acquire a stable condition for our economies, for the geopolitical equilibrium of the world population, we have been forced to acquire greater awareness of our present, of the fact that the extractive imperialist dimension towards of the planet's resources combined with population growth has potentially exhausted the opportunities for social mobility, for effective progress. This brings us to an undisputed condition of social, cultural and economic impoverishment. The current push towards a circular economy that must rapidly supplant that of consumption in relation to the virtuous, but not without shadows, practices of the Green New Deal offers us, in the midst of the uncertain evolution of the spread of COVID 19, the opportunity to bring at the center of the discussion is the relationship of care that individuals must establish with the environment, with the resources of nature and with the landscape, from which a new biocentric alliance arises that allows us, thanks to our adaptability, to 'resist in order to relive' .

Potential mineral resources in the planets and preliminary discussion on planetary resource geology

了解并利用行星矿产资源、可持续永久开发太空成为行星科学与深空探测的一项重要研究任务。而行星矿产资源的开发利用，需要运用行星科学与地质学特别是矿床学的基础理论，利用行星观测、探测及开发技术方法，研究行星矿产资源形成演化规律，查明行星矿产资源的类型、特征、储量和分布规律；进行行星矿产资源的地质调查、岩石-矿石成分、结构与性能、元素赋存状态、开发利用条件评价与预测，为行星矿产资源开发与太空的可持续永久开发建设提供基础理论与关键技术方法。因此，行星矿产资源学是研究行星矿产资源的品种、类型与分布规律、行星矿产资源成因演化与比较行星成矿学、行星矿产资源勘查评价技术与开采利用工程学的交叉学科。笔者从行星资源地质学的视角，从地球与月球的层圈结构、演化历史、岩石组成与表生环境，研判月球可能产出的矿产资源类型。认为与月海玄武岩、月幔（柱）和陨石撞击成因的层状岩体与镁铁-超镁铁质小岩体有关的铬铁矿-铜镍钴硫化物-铂族元素-钒钛磁铁矿-金刚石矿产，KREEP岩以及月幔柱熔融上覆岩石圈所产生碱性岩相伴的铌-钽-铍-铀等稀有-稀土矿产，具有形成条件与产出可能，从而拓展可能的矿产类型、品种，从更宽广的视角研究月球矿产并规划月球基地建设资源供给。火星上由于水（以及可能存在的板块构造）的存在，除岩浆矿床之外，火星可能具备发育与化学风化沉积、次生富集作用以及变质作用有关矿产的形成条件，具有形成金属与非金属资源的禀赋，可与地球矿产相媲美。未来行星资源地质学应加强地质学、行星化学、行星地质学、行星物理学、矿业工程、冶金工程和材料学的交叉融合及理论应用，发展行星地质勘探方法与智能机器人工程技术，发展高/低温、高/低压、高辐照、低/微重力环境条件下样品采集、加工、多尺度测试分析理论与方法，培养行星资源地质资源与开发工程学科人才。;How to understand and utilize planetary mineral resources and make a sustainable and permanent development of space has become a new frontier research direction of planetary science. The exploration and development of planetary mineral resources require the understanding of the types, characteristics, reserves and distribution and evaluating development and utilization conditions of planetary mineral resources, by using the basic theories of planetary science and geology, especially economic geology, combined with planetary observation and exploration techniques. Therefore, Planetary Resource Geology (PRG) is an interdisciplinary subject, contains the study of the variety, type and distribution law of planetary mineral resources, genetic evolution and comparison of planetary mineral resources, planetary metallogeny, exploration and evaluation technology and mining and utilization engineering of PRG. From the perspective of PRG, we try to predict the possible types of mineral resources in Lunar from the similarity of Earth and Lunar in the lithosphere structure, the rock composition and the supergene environment. There should be the chromite, Cu-Ni-Co sulfide, PGE (platinum group element), V-Ti magnetite minerals related to the layered rock mass and mafic-ultramafic small rock mass of the origin of the lunar mantle (even mantle plume) and meteorite impact, the REE and Nb-Ta hosted by KREEP rocks, thus will hopefully expand the possible types and commodities and provide a broader resource perspective for the construction of the lunar bases. Due to existence of water and possible plate tectonics, Mars can host a variety of metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits related to magmatism, sedimentation, metamorphism, chemical weathering and secondary enrichment which has a lot in common with the Earth. In the future, the discipline of PRG should strengthen the cross-integration and theoretical application of geology, metallurgical engineering, materials science, planetary chemistry, planetary geology and planetary physics, develop planetary geological exploration technology, including intelligent robot engineering, sample collection, multi-scale test and analysis under extreme high/low temperature, high irradiation and low microgravity environment, and cultivate talents of planetary resources, geological resources development engineering.

Ecology of the Сity and the Role of Tourism in the Formation of Living Space (on the Example of Urban Ecosystems of the Cities of Kryvyi Rih and Uman)

Despite the significant success of the human population in the development of the planet's resources, man will most likely never be able to completely get rid of dependence on the material and energy mechanisms of the biosphere. The clearest proof of this is the existence of urban ecosystems, within which human living space is formed. However, there is no consensus among researchers on the participation of social and natural components in the formation of urban ecosystems. Moreover, there is no clear answer to the question of how and through what mechanisms the space of human life is formed in modern cities. The article analyzes the ontological affiliation of the category "living space". Numerous aspects of the formation of modern living space have been studied on the specific examples of urban ecosystems of Kryvyi Rih and Uman. In particular, sample surveys of residents of these cities were conducted, based on the results of which conclusions are made about the quality of living space. Tourist activity and tourist resources are considered by the authors as a field of harmonization of human-environment relations in modern conditions of formation of living space.

"Green farming" - a set of technologies of the future

The purpose of the work was to demonstrate the evolution of agricultural technologies, which leads to the orientation of agriculture towards the use of nature-like farming, using the example of the human civilization development. It was shown that in the XX century, the stage of development of soil cultivation technologies, associated with the transition from "gray" extensive technologies for managing natural resources, which were focused on momentary economic feasibility, to non-traditional farming technologies, began. It was demonstrated that a natural transition is currently taking place from the technology development strategy based on the principle of maximum entropy production by G. Ziegler, to the strategy of minimum entropy production by I. Prigozhin, which is based on the rationalization of the use of the planet's resources. It was confirmed that at the present stage humanity has approached the change of technologies from the extensive development and use of natural resources to rationalizing their use − "green farming", which is characterized by a more natural agricultural technology of soil cultivation; mulching its surface with plant residues which leads to a decrease in soil erosion and unproductive evaporation; minimizing soil compaction; reducing the need for irrigation; reducing the use of herbicides through the use of cover crops, etc.

Securing the social foundation: A rights-based approach to planetary boundaries

The ‘planetary boundaries’ framework identifies Earth system processes that contribute to the stability and resilience of the planet (Rockström et al., 2009a), setting out the limits to changes the Earth can support for remaining in a Holocene-like state. A key question for global sustainable development that emerges from this framework is how to secure social equity while respecting planetary boundaries. Recent efforts to quantify a ‘social foundation’ have drawn attention to the necessity of securing human wellbeing in a ‘safe and just operating space’. Yet realising the potential of this approach, we suggest, requires addressing two substantial governance challenges: how do we define and analyse success or failure in the integration of social equity in environmental governance systems?; and how do we support the emergence of those voices that are needed to make governance equitable? We argue that human rights offer a widely accepted normative basis for responding to both these questions. The body of rights-based practice offers an analytical framing and tools for development support at a time when there is an urgent need to engage with the structural problems in environmental governance. Through a rights-based approach, it becomes possible to identify and address the social relations and mechanisms that generate inequities, and which undermine progress in addressing the unsustainable use of planetary resources at multiple scales. A decade after the planetary boundaries framework first appeared, widespread exploration of the potential of a rights-based approach is overdue.

Agriculture can help aquaculture become greener.

Aquaculture, the farming of fish and seafood, is recognized as a highly efficient system for producing protein for human consumption. In contrast, many terrestrial animal protein production systems are inefficient, impacting land use and exacerbating climate change. Humankind needs to adopt a more plant-centric diet, the only exception being fish consumed as both a source of protein and essential dietary nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids. Here we consider the implications of such a transition, and the challenges that aquaculture must overcome to increase productivity within planetary boundaries. We consider how agriculture, specifically crops, can provide solutions for aquaculture, especially the sectors that are dependent on marine ingredients. For example, agriculture can provide experience with managing monocultures and new technologies such as genetically modified crops tailored specifically for use in aquaculture. We propose that a closer connection between agriculture and aquaculture will create a resilient food system capable of meeting increasing dietary and nutritional demands without exhausting planetary resources.

Crise : Quelques réflexions systémiques sur l'anthropocene

Prior to globalization, crises were due to local or regional environmental abuses, leadership conflicts, local or regional climatic disasters, major epidemics or pandemics. The humanity of the beginning of the 21st century is facing for the first time a situation of global change on a planetary scale. The origin of this change is endogenous to the human species. Scientific and technological evolution has endowed humanity with powerful means of action that have transformed it into an important actor in the planetary ecology. This transformation is a consequence of fundamental factors that have reinforced each other. The use of fossil fuels returns to the environment gigantic amounts of solar energy fossilized in vegetable form during the billions of years of the primary, secondary and tertiary geological ages. The inevitable consequence is and will be more and more, global climate warming. This profound change could it surely causes serious adjustment disorders in all human societies. It is in this sense that the word "crisis" acquires its full and sinister meaning. A financial crisis is nothing more than the repetition of a psychosociological episode also recurrent in the evolution of the economy. A remarkable consequence is that man (biological, psychosocial) has become a "piece" of a huge machine, on a planetary scale, and his activities are increasingly conditioned by this machine created by himself. The concept of competitive advantage generally dominates economic thinking. This way of thinking reflects the historical situation of humanity. Until today, the human species could progress without limits towards greater use of its planetary environment. The waste did not have a negative ecological significance. The most sensible and appropriate objective, certainly, is not to lead all of humanity to share the waste that, by hyper-consumption, characterizes, for the moment, the societies considered as developed. A rational objective would be to guarantee to all humanity a level of life as satisfactory as possible, based on truly renewable planetary resources, assuming the need to keep the planet habitable.

Proper Management of Planetary Hydrocarbon Resources

Much has been said about the planet's gas and oil resources and many assumptions and speculations have been made regarding their rapid depletion, but a report on the normal and judicious management of these important planetary resources for both energy and other various materials that are obtained today from them, such as composites, synthetic fibers for fabrics, plastics, rubber produced synthetically ... The paper wants to clearly establish how these important planetary resources are produced and obtained, but also the possibility of extension their lives in symbiosis with the greening of the planet through the rational exploitation and use of these resources. Even if new oil and gas deposits are found from time to time, this fact cannot justify the almost continuous operation at large capacities of many of the old processed reserves, which have long been declared on extinct. Something is going on with these old oil deposits. They are in a continually rebuild or bring other deposits from somewhere in the depths of the earth from a probably a huge and deep reserve. The universe we live in is designed in such a way that it abounds in hydrogen, carbon, or combined gases, i.e., hydrocarbons, which under certain conditions pass into a viscous liquid state thus producing oil in large quantities. It is ridiculous to much longer support the theory that gases inside the earth were formed like oil otherwise from organic matter decomposed over time, possibly from dead dinosaurs that rotted and then turned into oil and gas. Hydrogen, the element whose nuclear fusion gives life to stars, including the Sun, is an extremely important wheel in the gear of the Universe and is also the most widespread element in the Universe, being the simplest of all chemical elements. As long as a reserve (bag) of oil or gas is not emptied very quickly, but is rationally exploited, it will recover normally by feeding from the internal source of the planet.

The future of environmental sustainability labelling on food products

The future of environmental sustainability labelling on food products

Survey, defence and resource development of NEO

A near-Earth object (NEO) is any small Solar system body whose orbit brings it to proximity with Earth. Currently, more than 20000 NEOs are detected, most of which have diameters less than 1 km. The study of NEOs is significant to understand the solar system. NEOs formed in the very early stage of solar system according to isotope dating, and remain most original material in proto-planetary disk. Thus, the study of NEOs can reveal the components of early solar system. Besides, NEOs are also important to explain the formation of Earth-Moon systems in giant impact hypothesis, i.e., a mar-size asteroid hit Earth 4.5 billion years ago and the fragments around Earth formed Moon via gravitational accretion. Furthermore, survey of NEOs is also important for human beings, because of the potentially hazardous objects (PHOs), which lead to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) extinction event, as well as the Tunguska event. Fortunately, we have lots of NEO survey programs, e.g., Catalina Sky Survey, Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking, Pan-STARRS, Zwicky Transient Facility in ground, and Near-Earth Object WISE in space with near infrared telescope, etc. These projects provide a nearly completed catalog for NEOs with diameter>1 km. We can determine the orbits of these NEOs via the astrometric time series data. However, lots of smaller NEOs with diameter <140 m are still missing, due to the detection limits of faint objects using current survey telescopes. These missing small NEOs can also lead to local destruction on Earth, e.g., the Chelyabinsk meteorite in 2013. More survey programs with larger telescopes, e.g., LSST, will be helpful to generate a more completed catalog of small NEOs and to recognize more small PHOs. After knowing the threat of PHOs, human beings need defense plans to avoid the impact or minimize the influence on human being. Although a big asteroid impact event would occur in a very low possibility, we need to take precaution. However, we do not have any feasible and effective plan to avoid the asteroid impact currently. Either nuclear explosive plan or drag the asteroid away using spacecraft engines can hardly work, Because of the huge mass (>millions tons) of the asteroid. Besides, the big fragments of the asteroid after explosion may lead to more impacts on Earth and make conditions worse. Better forethought plans need experts in astronomy, geology, life science, climatology etc., to discuss together. The NEOs may be harmful if it impacts Earth. However, the resources on asteroid, e.g., water, metal can be utilized by human beings. Utilizing the resources in space is the only way to break through the limits of Earth’s resources, and extend the footprint of human being further in space. Currently, some companies are set up and aim to mine on asteroids, e.g., the Planetary Resources Company and the Deep Space Industries. Chinese people also set up a company named Origin Space to study the plan in this field. Although, there is a long way to go, including lots of crucial techniques need to be studied, the success of development of the resources on asteroid would bring our technique and civilization in a new era.

Proper Management of Planetary Hydrocarbon Resources

Much has been said about the planet's gas and oil resources and many assumptions and speculations have been made regarding their rapid depletion, but a report on the normal and judicious management of these important planetary resources for both energy and other various materials that are obtained today from them, such as composites, synthetic fibers for fabrics, plastics, rubber produced synthetically ... The paper wants to clearly establish how these important planetary resources are produced and obtained, but also the possibility of extension their lives in symbiosis with the greening of the planet through the rational exploitation and use of these resources. Even if new oil and gas deposits are found from time to time, this fact cannot justify the almost continuous operation at large capacities of many of the old processed reserves, which have long been declared on extinct. Something is going on with these old oil deposits. They are in a continually rebuild or bring other deposits from somewhere in the depths of the earth from a probably a huge and deep reserve. The universe we live in is designed in such a way that it abounds in hydrogen, carbon, or combined gases, i.e., hydrocarbons, which under certain conditions pass into a viscous liquid state thus producing oil in large quantities. It is ridiculous to much longer support the theory that gases inside the earth were formed like oil otherwise from organic matter decomposed over time, possibly from dead dinosaurs that rotted and then turned into oil and gas. Hydrogen, the element whose nuclear fusion gives life to stars, including the Sun, is an extremely important wheel in the gear of the Universe and is also the most widespread element in the Universe, being the simplest of all chemical elements. As long as a reserve (bag) of oil or gas is not emptied very quickly, but is rationally exploited, it will recover normally by feeding from the internal source of the planet.

Plant-Based Diets for Personal, Population, and Planetary Health

Worldwide, the burden of morbidity and mortality from diet-related chronic diseases is increasing, driven by poor diet quality and overconsumption of calories. At the same time, the global food production system is draining our planet's resources, jeopardizing the environment and future food security. Personal, population, and planetary health are closely intertwined and will all continue to be vulnerable to these threats unless action is taken. Fortunately, shifting current global dietary patterns towards high-quality, plant-based diets could alleviate these health and environmental burdens. Compared with typical Western diets with high amounts of animal products, healthy plant-based diets are not only more sustainable, but have also been associated with lower risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. For personalized disease management and prevention, precision nutrition has the potential to offer more effective approaches tailored to individual characteristics such as the genome, metabolome, and microbiome. However, this area of research is in the early stages and is not yet ready for widespread clinical use. Therefore, it must not overshadow public health nutrition strategies, which have the power to improve health and sustainability on a larger scale. If widely implemented, interventions and policy changes that shift the globe towards healthy plant-based dietary patterns could be instrumental in ensuring future personal, population, and planetary health.