Plane Figures Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICS LEARNING MEDIA CONCEPT BOARD (PAKELING BANDAR) FOR STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

The research aims to produce mathematics learning media that is valid, practical, and effective according to the student’s needs, particularly in learning geometry for special needs students in Junior High School (phase D). The research method used is research and development with analysis flow; design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The study was conducted in a special school with a total of 3 students, namely 1 student with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and 2 students with intellectual disabilities. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires, observations, and test questions. The instruments used were validation questionnaires, teacher response questionnaires, student observation sheets, and sheets of pretest-posttest. The research results show that Pakeling Bandar media has valid criteria by the three validators with V-Aiken scores ≥0,61 in all aspects of the assessment. The practicality test obtained an average score of 3,59. Media Pakeling Bandar was declared very effective based on the assessment results post-test with a completion percentage of 98,33%. Moreover, learning media has met the criteria of being valid, practical, and effective and has met the needs of phase D ASD and mentally retarded students in maximizing the learning of geometric elements in the material around triangles, squares, and rectangles. With Pakeling Bandar media, students can understand the concept of the perimeter of plane figures, and calculate the perimeter of plane figures, and students are actively involved in learning in class.

AlgeoMath를 활용한 초등 도형 과제의 도구화 스킴 분석

Recently, there has been increasing interest in the use of Dynamic Geometry Environments (DGE) in elementary geometry learning. This study aims to analyze elementary geometry tasks utilizing DGE from an instrumental perspective and to identify the conceptual and technical difficulties that elementary students may encounter. To achieve this, we analyzed textbooks and previous studies to extract tasks that utilize the Korean DGE, AlgeoMath, and conducted practical exercises to analyze the instrumentation schemes for each task. The analysis revealed that some terms and symbols of the tools were not aligned with the elementary curriculum or contained mathematical errors, and that some schemes requiring an understanding of functional perspectives or basic constructions in secondary mathematics could present conceptual and procedural difficulties for elementary students. Furthermore, we found that precisely implemented transformation tools were not suitable for the informal and intuitive learning of elementary plane figure movements. Finally, it was confirmed that the inherent characteristics of DGE, such as the independence and dependence of objects and the hiding feature, as well as the functional limitations and errors of AlgeoMath, could pose challenges for students. Based on these findings, the study suggests pedagogical implications for elementary mathematics lessons using AlgeoMath and provides insights into the functional composition of DGE for elementary use.

Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Matematika Materi Aljabar, Persamaan Linier, Perbandingan Senilai dan Tak Senilai, Bangun Datar, dan Bangun Ruang Siswa Kelas VII UPT SMPN 35 Medan

This research aims to understand and analyze the mathematics learning difficulties faced by class VII students at SMPN 35 Medan. Through a qualitative descriptive approach, this research explores the factors that cause learning difficulties and provides solutions that can be implemented. The research method involves written tests and interviews with students and teachers. The results of the research reveal that students face challenges in understanding basic concepts such as algebra, linear equations, equivalent and non-equivalent comparisons, as well as plane figures and spatial figures. Internal and external factors, such as students’ cognitive abilities and less effective teaching methods, influence their mathematics performance. This research suggests a more interactive learning approach, training for teachers, collaboration between schools and parents, and regular evaluation to improve students’ mathematical understanding and performance in the future. Thus, this research makes a significant contribution to efforts to improve the quality of mathematics learning in schools.

Cloud maps highlighting dynamic characteristics of surface signal to improve time-varying wear evaluation accuracy

This paper proposes a high accuracy time-varying wear evolution method with cloud maps highlighting dynamic characteristics of surface signal. Firstly, the cloud map method is established by arrangement of measured data, thus time-varying wear evolution process is visualized on a series of plane figures for preliminary qualitative analysis. Then, high accuracy recognition of time-varying wear states is realized by cloud map shape parameters, including kurtosis and 1-D kernel density function highlighting distribution information of surface signal. The relative recognition degree by cloud map shape parameters are higher than those of friction coefficient, Root-Mean-Square (RMS) deviation and fractal dimension. Finally, high accuracy time-varying wear life prediction is realized by cloud map size growing speed highlighting waviness information of surface signal. The relative prediction error is reduced from more than 20% to less than 10% compared with friction coefficient and roughness.

Differences in Students’ Computational Thinking Activities when Designing an Algorithm for Drawing Plane Figures

AbstractComputational thinking (CT) is becoming increasingly important as a learning content. Subject-integrated approaches aim to develop CT within other subjects like mathematics. The question is how exactly CT can be integrated and learned in mathematics classrooms. In a case study involving 12 sixth-grade learners, CT activities were explored that learners engage in when drawing geometric figures with a visual programming language. The empirical findings indicate differences not only across various CT activities but also within a single CT activity. Subcategories were developed to describe these differences. Implications for further research and classroom practice are discussed.

Implementation of the Jigsaw Type Cooperative Model Using Pop Up Book Media to Increase Elementary School Students' Mathematics Learning Activeness

The aim of this research is to find out how to apply the Jigsaw Type Cooperative learning model in increasing student activity in elementary school mathematics learning. The research method used is a classroom action research method that uses the development model by Kemmis and Mc. Taggart. The subjects of this research were 32 class VI students at SD Negeri 207/IV Jambi City. Data was collected using observation techniques, questionnaires and written tests. Data analysis uses quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of the research prove that the application of the jigsaw cooperative learning model can increase the learning activity of class VI students in the mathematics subject of plane figures. The average results of observing students' learning activity in cycle I was 87.52%, in cycle II it increased to 90.00%, the results of the student learning activity questionnaire obtained an average in cycle I of 60.55% and in cycle II it increased to 89.31%.

Analysis of Student's Mathematical Representation Abilities on Plane Figures Subject in the New Normal Era

This study aims to analyze the mathematical representation ability of junior high school students on plane figures subject in the new normal era. To prevent the spread of Covid-19 in schools, learning was carried out alternately with 50% face-to-face learning and 50% independently at home. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects of this study were 20 students studying in seventh-grade students, in the second semester, at Dharmasraya West Sumatra for the academic year 2020/2021. The instruments used in this study were tests of students’ mathematical representation abilities and interviews. The indicators measured are visual representation, expression representation, and word representation. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the level of students’ mathematical representation ability was still low (52.65). In general, students still experience problems in using their mathematical representation skills; therefore, students must be able to hone their representation skills in visual, symbol, and verbal representations. Mastering mathematical representation skills can make it easier for students to solve mathematical problems, and there will be fewer conceptual errors. Moreover, it is necessary to conduct additional research to enhance students’ mathematical representation skills. Keywords: mathematical representation abilities, new normal era, plane figures subject

Exploration of Plane and Solid Figures in Four Umpak Buildings at Penataran Temple

Cultural exploration is an activity of extracting data related to a regional culture until a new understanding is obtained. One study that explores culture is ethnomathematics. Ethnomathematics is a study that explains the relationship between culture and mathematical concepts . Plane figures are material that is taught in stages at the elementary school level and strengthened at the junior high school level, while solid figures are material that is taught at the junior high school level. Penataran Temple is a historical relic of three kingdoms namely Kediri, Singasari, and Majapahit. Penataran Temple is located in Penataran Village, Nglegok District, Blitar Regency, East Java Province. One of the buildings in Penataran Temple is the Four Umpak. In ancient times, Empat Umpak in Penataran Temple was used as a place to gather, discuss and rest for the previous kings. This research aims to explore and describe the concept of plane and solid figures in the Empak Umpak building. The research method used is qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. The object of research is the Four Umpak building and its ornaments. The data collection techniques used are observation, measurement, documentation, literature study and interviews. Data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, conclusions and verification. Checking the validity of the data using observation persistence and peer checking. The results showed that there are mathematical concepts in the Four Umpak building, namely the concept of plane and solid figures. The concept of plane figures found in the Four Umpak building are rectangles, isosceles trapezoids, and rhombus. While the concept of solid figures contained in the Penataran Temple building is a truncated rectangular pyramid and a rhombic prism.

ETNOMATEMATIKA PADA PERMAINAN GOBAK SODOR SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SEKOLAH DASAR

This research aims to examine ethnomathematics in the traditional game gobak sodor on mathematical concepts at elementary school level such as plane figures, number operations, relationships between lines, congruence and presentation and data processing. This research uses an ethnographic approach to obtain an in-depth analytical picture of a culture based on the results of observations, interviews, documentation and field notes. This research uses triangulation data analysis which consists of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research shows that there are elements of elementary school mathematics in the Gobak Sodor game in the form of number operations, flat shapes, congruence and relationships between lines. Traditional games in mathematics learning can provide benefits, namely visualizing mathematics learning in real form so that students can more easily understand mathematical concepts.

A molecular T-pentomino for separating BTEX hydrocarbons

Methods to separate molecules (e.g., petrochemicals) are exceedingly important industrially. A common approach for separations is to crystallize a host molecule that either provides an enforced covalent cavity (intrinsic cavity) or packs inefficiently (extrinsic cavity). Here we report a self-assembled molecule with a shape highly biased to completely enclose space and, thereby, pack efficiently yet hosts and allows for the separation of BTEX hydrocarbons (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes). The host is held together by N → B bonds and forms a diboron assembly with a shape that conforms to a T-shaped pentomino. A T-pentomino is a polyomino, which is a plane figure that tiles a plane without cavities and holes, and we show the molecule to crystallize into one of six polymorphic structures for T-pentomino tiling. The separations occur at mild conditions while rejecting similarly shaped aromatics such as xylene isomers, thiophene, and styrene. Our observation on the structure and tiling of the molecular T-pentomino allows us to develop a theory on how novel synthetic molecules that mimic the structures and packing of polyominoes can be synthesized and—quite counterintuitively—developed into a system of hosts with cavities used for selective and useful separations.

Powtoon Interactive Media with a Problem Based Learning Model on Student Learning Outcomes and Interests in Plane figure

The lack of appropriate use of models, methods, strategies and media applied by teachers is the background of this research. Based on field studies, this happened to fourth-grade students at Mentari Elementary School, which is an elementary school in Kartasura District. There are several learning media whose use is not maximized so that automatic learning will be more teacher-centered. This can result in low student learning outcomes and interest. This study aims to determine the effect of Powtoon interactive media with the Problem Based Learning model on the learning outcomes and interest of fourth grade students in elementary school plane figure material. The method used in this study was a quasi-experimental design with a Control Group Pretest and Posttest Design. The Cluster Random Sampling technique is used as a sampling technique. Data collection techniques in this study through observation, tests, questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis techniques used include normality test, homogeneity, t test and ANOVA test. From the research results it was found that the t-test showed the value of Sig. (2-tailed) <0.05 and the ANOVA test shows a Sig. 0.008 <0.05, it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Therefore, there is an influence of Powtoon interactive media with the Problem Based Learning model on student learning outcomes and interest in plane figure material at Mentari Elementary School.

Computational and Problem-Solving Skills in Mathematics of AIMS Students

Life is an arena of problems. A human child has to meet and solve problems as he grows; problems on his physical surroundings, his intellectual associations, and in his social contacts. These dilemmas grow in number and complexity as we age. His success in life is, in large measure, determined by the capacity and competence to solve them. Mathematics is a subject of problems and studying Mathematics is different from studying other subjects because it is learned by doing and solving boundless problems. For this reason, the efficiency and ability in solving problems are guarantees for success in learning this kind of subject. The researchers, being Mathematics instructors, observed that the students find difficulty in solving Mathematics problems. The researchers generally identified the salient reasons for this kind of conflict namely: poor background in algebra, poor verbal and contextual understanding, and poor logical ability. Conclusively, a direct relationship can be inferred between the problem-solving skills of students and the salient factors affecting the specified ability. From this observation, the researchers want to conduct an immediate action in order to quench this growing phenomenon. Seventy-five (75) or 63.0% of the respondents are graduates of private schools while 44 or 37.0% are graduates of public schools. On computational skills, the respondents can perform the four basic operations in real numbers, apply the properties of equalities of real numbers as well and derive formulas from a given equation. On problem solving skills, the result indicates that respondents are not good in problem solving which involves plane and solid figure. Recommendations were arrived at to enhance the computational and problem-solving skills of the students.

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Matematika Realistik (PMR) di Kelas VII

This research aims to improve students' mathematical reasoning abilities by using students' realistic mathematical approach to the material of plane figures, quadrilaterals, triangles. This type of research is classroom action research which consists of 2 cycles. The subjects of this research were students in class VII-8 of SMP Negeri 31 Medan, consisting of 32 students. The instruments used in this research were initial test sheets, mathematical reasoning ability test sheets and observation sheets. After the research was carried out for 2 cycles, the results of this research showed that there was an increase in student learning outcomes. This is indicated by the average value in cycle I being 78.78 to 87.28 in cycle II. Meanwhile, the percentage of classical completion increased from cycle I, namely 62.5% to 87.5% in cycle II, so it can be seen that this research has met the specified success indicators. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that: 1) the mathematical reasoning abilities of class VIII-1 students at SMPN 31 Medan increased after implementing a learning process with a realistic mathematical approach. 2) by applying a realistic mathematical approach to the learning process, students' mathematical reasoning abilities increase until they reach classical mastery.

DEVELOPMENT OF ONE PAIR ALL SHAPE FOR PLANE FIGURES MATERIALS IN GRADE VII OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

This research aims to provide a solution to the challenges encountered in learning mathematics, particularly regarding plane figures. This specific area of study necessitates teaching aids that can effectively illustrate plane figures to students. The research primarily focuses on developing a teaching prop that enhances students' comprehension of flat shape materials. The study follows a research and development methodology, which involves product development and quality assessment. For data analysis, descriptive quantitative methods utilizing Sugiyono's descriptive percentage technique are employed to evaluate the product's validity. Based on material and media validation tests, the "One Pair All Shape" prop meets the criteria for both material and form suitability, as assessed by four validators. The material expert validation resulted in an 86.7% rating, while the media expert validation yielded an 84% rating, indicating a very valid category for both aspects.

Analysis of Students’s Mathematical Communication Ability in Learning Mathematics Using the Jigsaw Cooperative Method

This research aims to determine students' mathematical communication skills in mathematics which was carried out using the Jigsaw cooperative method. The research method uses experimental research. The design in this research leads to a true experimental design with a posttest-only control design. The sampling technique was simple random sampling taken from odd semester student report cards. The research sample consisted of 2 classes, namely class VIIA and VIIB. The research instrument consists of a test sheet consisting of five descriptive questions with material about plane figures and an observation sheet containing two indicators of mathematical communication, written and oral. The data analysis technique uses an independent T-Test, so it can be concluded that (1) the Jigsaw type cooperative learning method has an effect on students' mathematical communication skills. (2) Independent sample T-Test with a significance value of showing a significant difference between class VII A as the experimental class and class VIIB as the control class.

SLR: Miskonsepsi Siswa dalam Memecahkan Masalah pada Materi Bangun Datar

A flat shape is a geometric part that only has a perimeter and area. There are various shapes of flat shapes, such as triangle, square, long, parallelogram, rhombus, kite, trapezoid, and circle. The aim of this research is to conduct a literary analysis related to the difficulties faced by students in expressing their ideas in the subject. which are given. The analysis method used is called Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Data collection was carried out by documenting and reviewing 7 national index articles; the articles are then broken down into different areas. Based on the research results, there are thirteen articles that discuss the difficulties experienced by students when solving problems related to the topic of building a flat-sided room. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there are still problems that students often face when trying to solve problems related to the construction of flat-sided spaces. The most common types of errors are formula errors, errors in shape identification, and errors in understanding the concept of plane figures. This is caused by uneven understanding of concepts, inaccurate determination of formulations, and uneven student bias in understanding the results of flat shapes.

EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK DENGAN PENDEKATAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH TERHADAP KETRAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MATERI BANGUN DATAR KELAS V SEKOLAH NEGERI 01 SIDOMUKTI KECAMATAN JENAWI TAHUN AJARAN 2023/2024

The aim of this research is: to find out whether there is effectiveness in using student worksheets with a problem solving approach on students' critical thinking skills in the mathematics subject of plane figures for class V State Elementary School 01 Sidomukti, Jenawi District, Academic Year 2023/2024. This research uses a comparative descriptive method. The subjects in this research were 20 fifth grade students at SD Negeri 01 Sidomukti. The research design used was one design pretest and posttest group. The data collection techniques used are documentation and tests in the form of pretest and posttest. Data analysis techniques include normality test and t test. The research results showed that the students' average score on the pretest was 60.50 and on the posttest it was 78.85. This shows that there is a change in the mean during the pre-test and post-test. The results of the t test obtained a two tailed value of 0.000 < significant value (alpha: 0.05) so that it falls in the area of ​​rejection of Ho and acceptance of Ha. Therefore, the t test states that there is effectiveness in using student worksheets in the mathematics subject material on flat shapes for class V at SD Negeri 01 Sidomukti, Jenawi District, Academic Year 2023/2024

Miskonsepsi Siswa SMP Dalam Memahami Ciri-ciri Bangun Segi Empat

In this study, this qualitative research aimed to describe the misconceptions students of junior high school in understanding characteristics of quadrilateral plane figure. The misconceptions instrument were administered to three students in 8th grade of junior high school. Students understanding were analyzed by misconceptions test with CRI (Certainty of Response Index) method with interviews. The misconceptions in understanding the characteristics of quadrilateral plane figure (trapezoid and parallelogram) were the main result of this study. Students showed the same misconceptions in understanding the characteristics of quadrilateral plane figure. The first, Students assumed the diagonal trapezoid isosceles is the only a pairs of same length segment. The second, students only known the parallelogram and rectangle shape are in the regular quadrilateral shape (if the parallelogram and rectangle has different position or irregular shape then it is no called a quadrilateral). In particular, the results indicated that the students had misconceptions in understanding characteristics of quadrilateral plane figure. The misconception occurs because the ability of student understanding is low or incomplete. So, the teacher should gave more problem and images for understanding the characteristics of plane figure.

Pengembangan Lembar Kegiatan Peserta Didik berbasis Project Based Learning pada Materi Komposisi Bangun Datar Kelas 4 Sekolah Dasar

The purpose of this study is to develop a project-based learning activity sheet (PBLA) to reinforce the learning of content related to the construction of plane figures in mathematics classes. The study was conducted in Gianti Sidoarjo's Class IV SDN 1 with a sample of 10 students. The ADDIE model was used as the design method. The validators of the study were experts in teaching materials and LCAP. The data collected were qualitative and quantitative. Observation, interview, questionnaire, survey, and documentation methods were used to collect data. Pre-tests and post-tests were administered in the sample class. The analysis of the data yielded the following data: (1) the results of the material test were good (70.0%); (2) the results of the LCAP test were good (80.75%); (3) according to the responses to the questionnaire, the appearance, motivational qualities, and usefulness in the learning process were acceptable for all students; (4) the learning results were good (0.8). Thus, the conclusion of this study is that the Project-Based Learning Activity Sheet (PBLA) is highly rated, suitable as teaching material for SR Class IV, and furthermore, can improve students' learning outcomes.

Usefulness of CineECG method in identification of P-wave morphology variants in an elderly epidemiologic cohort

Abstract Background Biphasic P waves in inferior leads categorizes interatrial block (IAB) into partial or advanced subtypes. P-wave morphology is highly variable, and visual assessment of P-wave morphology is subjective, especially in case of low-amplitude P waves. CineECG is a non-subjective approach which is not sensitive to signal amplitude, and which can also calculate terminal P-wave angle. Purpose To assess the relationship between P-wave morphology in inferior ECG leads, categorization of the IAB subtypes and terminal P-wave angle using CineECG in an elderly epidemiologic cohort. Methods We included participants with sinus rhythm on an ECG collected 2002-2006 in the general-population based Malmö Preventative Project (n=983, age 70±5 years, 38% females). ECGs were digitally processed using the Glasgow algorithm. IAB was defined as a P-wave ≥120 ms and classified regarding as partial (pIAB, P waves affected in none [pIAB-0] or only 1 inferior lead III [p-IAB-1]) or advanced (aIAB, P waves affected in leads III and aVF [aIAB-2] or all 3 inferior leads [aIAB-3, typical aIAB]). All ECGs were also processed using CineECG. The vectorcardiogram was computed from the 12 lead ECG and a generic model of the atria and torso, with average body build and heart orientation. We used the terminal P-wave angle as the variable which describes the direction of the terminal part of P wave in the frontal plane (Figure). Results IAB was documented in 413 (42%) subjects: 344 (35%) had pIAB (199 (20%) with pIAB-0; 145 (15%) with pIAB-1) and 60 (6.5%) had aIAB (45 (5%) with aIAB-2 and 15 (1.5%) with aIAB-3 or typical aIAB). P wave morphology could not be categorized by these definitions in 9 subjects. Terminal P wave angle correlated with P wave morphology (Spearman’s r=0.127, p<0.001) and progressively increased with increase of P wave morphology class from pIAB-0 to aIAB-3 (Figure, Table). Conclusion Morphology variants of IAB can be classified depending on the degree of the terminal P wave angle which correlates with the order and number of bipolar inferior leads. CineECG provides an instrument for 3D quantification of the terminal atrial depolarization direction which can be used to detect IAB in an earlier stage.Figure.Atrial depolarisarion and IAB.