Planar Power Divider Research Articles

Improved performance of two-way power divider using dielectric resonator

For a two-way planar power divider, performance improvement, achieved by using a cylindrical dielectric resonator (DR), is discussed. This DR is magnetically coupled with the microstrip transmission lines of this power divider. Instead of a resonator, it provide dielectric loading to the T junction of the divider. Using full wave electromagnetic analysis of the divider's structure, it is shown that the incorporation of such DR results in operation of the divider at multiple frequencies with input return loss better than 20 dB. By changing the coupling and the dielectric constant of the resonator, power division ratio of the divider and its operating frequency, can also be tuned. The presented theoretical results are experimentally verified by physically realizing a DR-based two-way power divider. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated data. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:858–861, 2014

A Ku-Band Wideband Power Divider with Defected Ground Structure

A planar power divider operating over the whole Ku-band is presented. The proposed device utilizes a T-microstrip junction combined with defected ground structure and an elliptical patch at the centre of the T-junction. An isolation resistor is connected across the slotted ground plane. The simulated results of the divider show equal power split, insertion loss is less than 0.3dB, return loss of all ports are better than 15dB, and isolation is better than 15dB over the whole Ku-band.

A novel symmetrical Wilkinson power divider for dual-band application

A symmetrical two-way Wilkinson power divider with shifted output ports, much wide bandwidth and large frequency-ratio is proposed for dual-band application. The corresponding transcendental design equations are derived by using the even- and odd-mode analysis. Moreover, the closed-form scattering parameter expressions are derived. Transcendental design equations are solved and accurate numerical design parameters along with different frequency ratios are obtained. Finally, the proposed structure and design method are validated by simulated and experimental results of typical microstrip planar power dividers, the performance is clearly observed for the input and output matching, isolation and transmission characteristic very well at the two band frequencies. More specifically, the measured transmission characteristics of the divider are 3.11 dB/3.58 dB at the 1.0 GHz/3.5 GHz, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:102–108, 2014.

Implementation of a novel broadband microstrip metamaterial power divider

A low-loss, planar, and compact metamaterial broadband power divider is presented in this paper. The power divider uses novel two parallel microstrip transmission-line coupled-line couplers with negative-refractive-index characterization allowing it to be compact in the longitudinal direction. The method of designing two turns spiral resonators (2-SRs) is detailed starting from edge-coupled split-ring resonator (SRR), and full-wave simulations of novel power divider are fulfilled by HFSS. A power divider with 5.40 GHz center frequency is fabricated for demonstration purpose. The measurement results show that a ultra-wide band of 50% is achieved with . While maintaining similar performance, a 50% reduction in impedance transformer is achieved in comparison to a conventional design.

A NOVEL DUAL-BAND MULTI-WAY POWER DIVIDER USING COUPLED LINES

In this paper, coupled lines are used in the design of a dual band planar multi-way Bagley polygon power divider to reduce the size is proposed. For the input port matching and transmission characters are afiected by the even mode impedance only, analysis of the multi-way Bagley polygon power divider and equivalent circuit based on coupled lines, closed form design equations are presented with even mode impedance, and odd mode impedance is obtained arbitrarily. To validate the design procedure, two dual band three- way Bagley polygon power dividers are designed, simulated, and fabricated using coupled lines with areas of 3.17cm 2 and 2.53cm 2 , and the corresponding conventional divider with areas of 17.86cm 2 and 11.74cm 2 , respectively. When coupled lines are used, the layout is more compact with a reduction in size of more than nearly 80% compared to the conventional design.

Generalized Two-Way Two-Section Dual-Band Wilkinson Power Divider With Two Absorption Resistors and Its Miniaturization

A generalized two-way two-section dual-band Wilkinson power divider with two absorption resistors and its size-reduced model are presented. Design equations for dual-band and arbitrary power division are derived from modified even- and odd-mode analysis. The frequency ratio of the lower and upper band frequencies must be lower than three. The channel bandwidth is presented as a function of frequency ratio with mathematical expressions. A coupled line section is introduced to reduce circuit size based on the assumptions of linear phase characteristics and equal phase velocities of the even and odd modes. Two two-way dual-band power dividers, one three-way planar dual-band power divider, and one size-reduced dual-band power divider were fabricated. Experimental results were in good agreement with predicted values.

Compact Two-Way and Four-Way Power Dividers Using Multi-Conductor Coupled Lines

In this letter, new two-way and four-way power dividers are proposed using quarter-wave long multi-conductor coupled lines. The design equations for a two-way power divider are derived by analyzing a three-conductor coupled line. Then, the structure is extended to propose a planar four-way power divider with compact size. The fabricated two-way and four-way power dividers at 2.0 GHz show an excellent performance in the insertion loss, impedance matching at all ports and isolation between output ports.

Compact three-way planar power divider using five-conductor coupled line

In this paper, a planar three-way power divider with compact size is presented using quarter-wave long five-conductor couple line. It is analytically proved that the proposed structure allows the performance of three-way power dividers. Based on the derived equations and simulation, the three-way power divider is designed and measured at 2.0GHz. The measurement shows excellent performance with insertion loss of 0.2dB, and return loss and isolation better than 20dB at a design frequency.

A Novel Dual-Band Bagley Polygon Power Divider with 2-D Configuration

In this paper, a novel design of planar dual-band multi-way lossless power dividers (PDs), namely Bagley Polygon PDs, is presented. The proposed PDs use Π-type dual-band transformers as basic elements, whose design formulas are analyzed and simplified to a concise form. The equivalent circuit of the dual-band Bagley Polygon PD is established, based on which design equations are derived mathematically. After that, the design procedure is demonstrated, and special cases are discussed. To verify the validity of the proposed design, 3-way and 5-way examples are simulated and fabricated at two IMT-Advanced bands of 1.8GHz and 3.5GHz, then simulation and measurement results are provided. The presented PDs have good performances on the bandwidths and phase shifts. Furthermore, the planar configuration leads to convenient design procedure and easy fabrication.

Analytical Design Method of Multiway Dual-Band Planar Power Dividers With Arbitrary Power Division

In this paper, a novel closed-form design method of generalized Wilkinson power dividers is proposed. By using this method, the power divider could be designed to be arbitrary-way (N-way) with arbitrary power division, and arbitrary dual-band operations in a pure planar structure. A previous dual-band unequal Wilkinson power divider is extended to arbitrary terminal impedances case, thus, it can be used to construct multiway planar power dividers through the combination of the two-section dual-frequency transformers. To obtain three-way (or any odd-way) power dividers with dual-band and unequal power division features, a new developed recombinant structure is employed. This recombinant structure consists of a two-way dual-band unequal power divider/combiner without any isolation structures. Furthermore, the complete design procedures and analytical equations of these proposed generalized power dividers are presented. To verify our proposed design approach in theory, several three-way and four-way power dividers with different dual-band applications and various power divisions are designed and simulated. Finally, a practical three-way power divider operating at both 0.6 and 2.45 GHz with a power dividing ratio of 3:5:1 is fabricated in microstrip technology as a typical example. The measured results of the fabricated power divider verify our proposed idea.

PSO/FDTD Optimization Technique for Designing UWB In-Phase Power Divider for Linear Array Antenna Application

This letter presents the design of a compact planar in-phase power divider with ultrawideband (UWB) performance. The device consists of three T-shaped microstrip lines arranged in parallel to each other on one side of the dielectric substrate that are electromagnetically coupled with an H-shaped slot etched on its ground plane. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) are combined to achieve the optimal power divider design for a given specification. The measured results show the transition of the signal between the T-shaped microstrip line and the ground-plane slot divides power equally, with relatively low insertion loss, good return loss, high stability of phase, and high isolation between the two output ports across the UWB frequency band defined between 3.1-10.6 GHz. The power divider is compact in size, occupying an area of 15 × 32 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . These features make it suitable for linear array antennas.

Planar Dual-Frequency Power Divider using Umbrella-Shaped Resonator

In this paper, a new planar dual-frequency power divider based on umbrella-shaped dual-mode resonator is presented. The topology of the circuit, different from conventional Wilkinson power divider, is the couple lines and resonators instead of the transmission lines. It can provide not only dual band, but also direct current (DC) block characteristic and compact size, which fits for microwave intergraded circuit application. The proposed structure is analyzed and simulated. To certify the validity of the technique, two proposed power dividers are fabricated and measured at 1.85/4.85 GHz and 1.57/3.5 GHz. Good experimental performances at both frequencies are obtained, which are in good agreement with the simulated results.

A Miniaturized Dual-band Power Divider with Harmonic Suppression for Gsm Applications

In this paper, a miniaturized dual-band power divider based on artificial transmission lines is proposed for GSM applications. The design consists of four sections of recently developed planar artificial transmission lines, an LC tank circuit in shunt, and an isolation resistor. The experimental results show that the proposed configuration has good performance at both 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz. Meanwhile, it achieves a significant size reduction compared to traditional dual-band planar power dividers. At the center frequency 1.35 GHz, the dimension of the proposed dual-band power divider is only 43 mm × 21 mm, or equivalently 0.29λg × 0.14λg. With the harmonic suppression nature of artificial transmission lines and the shunt LC tank, the wideband response of the proposed dual-band power divider reveals good harmonics suppression.

DUAL-BAND MODIFIED WILKINSON POWER DIVIDER WITHOUT TRANSMISSION LINE STUBS AND REACTIVE COMPONENTS

In this paper, a novel modifled Wilkinson power divider without transmission line stubs (such as short-circuit stubs and open- circuit stubs) and reactive components (such as isolation inductor L and capacitor C) is developed for dual-band applications. This symmetric power divider consists of six sections of transmission lines and an isolation resistor, and the corresponding nonlinear design equations are derived by using the even- and odd-mode analysis. Moreover, by solving the flnal nonlinear design equations, accurate numerical design data along with difierent frequency ratios are obtained, and the efiective normalized parameters are given simultaneously in the flgure and table formats for speciflc applications. To theoretically verify the design parameters, an ideal equal power divider operating at both 900MHz and 5.85GHz is simulated. Finally, the proposed structure and design method are validated by simulated and experimental results of a typical microstrip planar power divider operating at both 1GHz and 3.5GHz.

A Compact Ka-Band Planar Three-Way Power Divider

A Ka-band planar three-way power divider which uses the coupled line instead of the transmission line is proposed to reduce chip size. The proposed planar topology, different from the conventional Wilkinson power divider, is analyzed and can provide not only compact but also dc block characteristics, which are very suitable for monolithic microwave integrated circuit applications. The divider implemented by a pHEMT process shows an insertion loss less than 5.1 dB and an output isolation better than 17 dB. A return loss less than 18 dB and a phase difference of 4.2deg at 30 GHz can be achieved. Finally, good agreements between the simulation and experimental results are shown.

Wilkinson Power Divider Using Microstrip EBG Cells for the Suppression of Harmonics

This letter presents a planar power divider with an effective technique for nth harmonics suppression. The proposed technique served by a microstrip electromagnetic bandgap cell is used to suppress the nth harmonics and reduce the length of a quarter-wave line over 30% as compared to the conventional divider. The planar structure enables an easy circuit design in printed circuit boards. From the measured results, a 32.5 dB suppression for the third harmonic and a 12 dB suppression for the fifth harmonic is obtained while maintaining the characteristics of a conventional Wilkinson power divider. It is able to achieve less than 3.4 0.1 dB of the two equivalent insertion losses, less than 23dB of the return loss, and better than 25dB of isolation at 2.4GHz.

A Novel Planar Three-Way Power Divider

A novel planar three-way power divider is proposed. Based on the conventional planar microstrip coupled line technology, the proposed three-way power divider can modify a three-way Wilkinson power divider from a three-dimensional configuration into a two-dimensional one, meanwhile, to keep the length of the circuit to be lambda/4. The planar structure enables easy circuit design in printed circuit boards and monolithic microwave integrated circuits. The design concept and implementation are discussed. From the measured results, less than 4.8plusmn0.1dB of the three equivalent insertion losses, less than 19.5dB of the return loss, and better than 17.5dB of isolation at 2.4GHz can be achieved

A recombinant, in-phase power divider

A topology for a planar power divider suitable for realization using conventional microstrip fabrication techniques is described. This divider is capable of exciting an odd number of output ports with either equal or unequal power division. The recombinant approach produces bandwidth comparable to that of other techniques with fewer and more easily realized elements. Design equations and an example implementation are discussed. Measured data for an octave bandwidth, three-way power divider at 10 GHz are presented. >

Mode conversion analysis in a single-mode planar taper optical waveguide

We have investigated mode conversion in a taper waveguide used in a planar multi-branch waveguide optical power divider designed for fundamental mode operation and fabricated by Ti-diffusion into a z-cut LiNbO3 substrate. With an appropriate aspect ratio and index distribution in the taper, mode conversion loss into a higher-order mode can be maintained under 5%.

Analysis and symmetric synthesis of broad-band power dividing trees

A planar power divider with 2m output ports consists of 2-way equal-power dividing sections coupled after each other to form a tree-like structure. This paper deals with the synthesis of such symmetric structures, thus forming a network that divides the Incoming power Into equal parts over a broad band. The analysis is done by the even and odd modes. An optimization program has been written which can optimize the total bandwidth with nearly equal-ripple response. Tables are given for synthesized power dividers with 4, S. and 16 output ports and with a VSWR equal to 1.05, 1.1, and 1.2. The bandwidth, f max/ f min of the power dividers In the tables is between 1.7 and 7. A 4-way divider with 7 transformers in the even mode and 3 isolating resistors in each odd mode has been built with the center frequency S GHz. The total bandwidth of the whole divider, which is theoretically 4.S, was measured to be 4.1.