Planar Inverted Research Articles

POWER GATING TECHNIQUE USING FinFET FOR MINIMIZATION OF SUB-THRESHOLD LEAKAGE CURRENT

In this paper, a novel power gating method has been proposed with the combination of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic and FinFET for better sub-threshold leakage current minimization. Sub-threshold leakage currents take the paramount part in overall contribution to total power dissipation which comprises of scaling and power reduction. Power gating technique takes up priority among the different leakage current reduction mechanisms. The novel approach has been applied to a CMOS inverter and a two input CMOS NAND gate. The inverter simulated with high threshold voltage metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), VGOT MOSFET and fin field effect transistor (FinFET) as sleep transistor reduces the sub-threshold leakage current by 45.529%, 47.265% and 86.431%, respectively, when compared with inverter in absence of sleep transistor. This proves substantial improvement as compared to the planar CMOS inverter. Further, these techniques applied for a two input NAND gate resulted in reduction of leakage current by 20.536%, 23.955% and 99.942%, respectively.

Effects of Magneto-Dielectric Ceramics for Small Antenna Application

Hexagonal Ba-ferrites are widely suggested as materials for small antennas. In this paper, the sintering behavior and magneto-electric properties of Ba 3 Co 2-2x Mn 2x Fe 24 O 41 (0.1≤x≤0.5) ceramics were investigated for small antenna application. All samples of Ba 3 Co 2-2x Mn 2x Fe 24 O 41 ceramics were prepared by the solid-state reaction method and sintered at 1250℃. From the XRD patterns of the sintered Ba 3 Co 2-2x Mn 2x Fe 24 O 41 ceramics, the Z-type phases were found to be the main phases. The real part of permittivity and permeability of the Ba 3 Co 2-2x Mn 2x Fe 24 O 41 ceramics decreased with frequency. On the other hand, loss tangents of permittivity and permeability tended to behave opposite to real part of permittivity and permeability. The real part of permeability was affected by Mn additions. The real part of permittivity, the loss tangent of permittivity and the real part of permeability, the loss tangent of permeability of Ba 3 Co 0.2 Mn 0.8 Fe 24 O 41 ceramics were 19.774, 0.176 and 15.183, 0.073, respectively, at 510 MHz. In order to investigate the effect of magneto-dielectric ceramics on antenna, PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna) was simulated with CST (Computer Simulation Technology). The operating frequency of antenna was decreased without considerable change of bandwidth by using the Ba 3 Co 0.2 Mn 0.8 Fe 24 O 41 ceramics as the carrier.

Stabilizing Planar Inverted Pendulum System Based on Fuzzy Nine-point Controller

In order to stabilize planar inverted pendulum, after analyzing the physical characteristics of the planar inverted pendulum system, a pendulum nine-point controller and a car nine-point controller for X-axis and Y-axis were designed respectively. Then a fuzzy coordinator was designed using the fuzzy control theory based on the priority of those two controllers, and the priority level of the pendulum is higher than the car. Thus, the control tasks of each controller in each axis were harmonized successfully. The designed control strategy did not depend on mathematical model of the system, it depended on the control experience of people or the control experts. The compared experiments showed that the control strategy was easy and effective, what was’s more, it had a very good robust feature. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i1.4146

A Study on a Planar Folded RFID Reader Antenna by Minimizing Hand Effects For UHF Band Application

In this paper, a new planar folded UHF band RFID reader antenna is suggested. For the antenna suggested in this paper, 4 PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna) micro-strip structures are adopted. The size is . The gain of the antenna is 1.1 dBi, the VSWR is 1.2:1, and the efficiency is 63.3 %. The radiation pattern is designed as upper direction. Identification distance for the RFID tags is improved by minimizing hand effects with properly integrating 4 PIFAs.

ENGLISH

Radio Frequency is abundandly available in an outdoor environment. The number of existing RF bands is impulsive. The RF circuit has to harvest all the potential RF energy present and cannot be premeditated for a specific RF tone. The designed rectenna adds powers coming from an limiteless number of sub frequency bands. The designed rectenna output voltage increase with the number of RF bands. As an application, a Radio Frequency band rectenna is designed. The system uses PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna) to harvests energy from GSM900 (Global System for Mobile Communications) ,GSM1800, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service) and WiFi bands simultaneously. The planar inverted F antenna is popular for portable devices because of its low profile, small size, and built-in structure. The radiated power from the antenna is given as input to the rectifier. The schottky diode is used for rectification. Inorder to get maximum power to the load the T matching is used to get an proper impedance matching. The seven stage voltage doubler of HSMS 2850 is introduced in the circuit in order to get maximum voltage to supply the low power devices.

Shorting Plate Planar Inverted Folded Antenna on LC Substrate for Bluetooth Application

Number of investigations done to reduce the size of the microstrip patch antennas at a fixed operating frequency. In general microstrip antennas are half wavelength structures and are operated at the fundamental resonant mode TM01 or TM10. To reduce the size without disturbing the substrate material permittivity value we are having some special techniques like shorting pin, shorting plate, shorting wall and some other slot models. This paper describes the design and simulation of planar inverted folded antenna with shorting plate model on the liquid crystal substrate material. The present study includes verification of radiation patterns, return loss and field distributions. The operating frequency is chosen 2.4GHz for Bluetooth applications. All the output parameters are simulated using commercial Ansoft-HFSS Software.

Compact Band-Notched UWB Printed Planar Inverted Cone Antennas

A tapered microstrip-fed printed inverted cone antenna with band-notched characteristics suitable for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) wireless systems is proposed. The antenna design consists of a semicircular slot embedded in a planar inverted cone as the radiating patch and a partial tapered ground plane. The proposed antennas are printed on a substrate of permittivity 4.4 and operate over a wide impedance bandwidth from 2.71 GHz to 16 GHz for VSWR 2:1. A semicircular slot is embedded in a planar inverted cone for rejecting the 5 - 6 GHz WLAN band. Prototypes are fabricated according to the optimized parameter values, and the antenna characteristics are measured. The results show that the proposed antennas are of the UWB characteristics and exhibit band rejection of 5 - 6GHz. The radiation patterns are stable and omnidirectional.

Improvement of radiation performance of mobile phone antenna using parasitic element

In this paper, we propose a method of using a parasitic element to improve the radio frequency performance of PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna) which is built in mobile phone for EGSM, DCS, PCS, and WCDMA bands. The proposed methodology based on external parasitic element in the handset case is validated for extremely thin mobile phone model, which has limited space for any additional parasitic element inside antenna design space. The proposed parasitic element exhibits TRP (Total Radiated Power) and TIS (Total Isotropic Sensitivity) improvement of 0.4 dB to1.1 dB and 0.2 dB to 0.6 dB, respectively, under the free space measurement condition, while 0.6 dB to 0.7 dB and 0.4 dB to 1.1 dB for the hand phantom environment.

A Practical Approach to Robust Design of a RFID Triple-Band PIFA Structure

This paper presents a practical methodology of obtaining a robust optimal solution for a multi U-slot PIFA (Planar Inverted F-Antenna) structure with triple bands of 433 MHz, 912 MHz and 2.45 GHz. Using evolutionary strategy, a global optimum is first sought out in terms of the dimensions of the slots and shorting strip. Then, starting with the optimized values, Taguchi quality method is carried out in order to obtain a robust design of the antenna against the changes of uncontrollable factors such as material property and feed position. To prove the validity of the proposed method, the performance of the antenna is predicted by general-purpose electromagnetic software and also compared to experimental results.

U-형 접지면 상에 배치된 평판형 역 F 안테나 구조를 이용한 휴대폰 단말기의 무선 성능 개선

본 논문에서는 GSM, DCS, PCS, WCDMA 대역을 지원하는 휴대폰 단말기의 무선 성능을 개선시키기 위한 PIFA(Planar Inverted-F Antenna) 구조와 접지면의 형태에 대해 연구하였다. 다중 공진을 유도하기 위해 안테나 방사체를 다수의 전류 경로를 가진 가지 구조로 설계한 후에 특정 방사체 아래쪽에 방사체와 유사한 모양의 접지면을 배치함으로써 안테나의 공진 특성과 방사 효율을 개선시켜 휴대폰 단말기의 무선 성능을 개선할 수 있는 설계 방법에 대해 제안한다. 실제 휴대폰 단말기를 통해 제안된 안테나와 접지면 구조에 대한 무선 성능을 측정한 결과, 적용 이전에 비해 GSM 대역의 TRP(Total Radiated Power)는 2.0 dB, TIS(Total Isotropic Sensitivity)는 3.7 dB 향상되었으며, DCS 대역 TRP와 TIS는 각각 2.2 dB, 2.0 dB가 향상되는 결과를 얻었다. 또한 PCS 대역 TRP, TIS는 0.8 dB, 1.5 dB 향상되었으며, WCDMA 대역 TRP, TIS는 1.3 dB, 0.7 dB 향상되었다. In this paper, we propose antenna topology and ground plane shape to improve the performance of PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna) which is built-in mobile phone. First, we designed the PIFA antenna consists of multiple radiators to provide multi-current paths. Then we designed U-shaped ground plane on the PCB under the antenna. The proposed antenna structure shows TRP/TIS improvement of 2.0 dB/3.7 dB for GSM and 2.2 dB/ 2.0 dB for DCS and 0.8 dB/1.5 dB for PCS and 1.3 dB/0.7 dB for WCDMA at the free space.

MULTIBAND HANDSET ANTENNA USING SLOTS ON THE GROUND PLANE: CONSIDERATIONS TO FACILITATE THE INTEGRATION OF THE FEEDING TRANSMISSION LINE

Technology and Intellectual Property Rights DepartmentFractusBarcelona, SpainS. KahngDepartment of Info. & Telecomm. Eng.University of IncheonIncheon, South KoreaAbstract—This research consists on a ground plane modificationusing slots of a PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna) handsetantenna with the objective to facilitate the integration of thefeeding transmission line which connects the antenna with the RF-module. Through this technique it is possible to obtain a multibandantenna while keeping the same antenna geometry, small volume

2-CH WiBro Band MIMO 안테나와 PCS 안테나 간의 격리도 향상을 위한 설계

이 논문은 2-채널 WiBro(Wireless Broadband Internet) 대역 MIMO(Multi Input Multi Output) 안테나와 휴대 단말기용 PCS(Personal Communication Service) 안테나의 격리도 특성 향상에 대해서 나타내었다. 각 채널간의 격리도를 향상시키기 위해, 3mm 높이의 공기층을 가진 제안된 PCS 안테나는 2-채널 WiBro 대역 MIMO 안테나의 형 그라운드(25<TEX>${\times}$</TEX>12 mm)의 매우 좁은 공간(0.19 <TEX>${\lambda}$</TEX>)사이에 위치한다. 제안된 PCS 안테나의 구조는 단락 스트립 선로<TEX>$(6{\times}4mm)$</TEX>를 가지는 스파이럴 형태의 변형된 PIFA(Planar Inverted F Antenna)이다. 3차원 구조를 갖는 제안된 PIFA와 WiBro 대역 MIMO 안테나 사이의 계산된 격리도는 -20 dB 이하이며, 측정치와 잘 일치하였다. 제안된 안테나의 측정된 반사 손실, 대역폭, 이득은 각각 1.8GHz에서 -20dB, -10dB 이하에서 110 MHz(1.76<TEX>${\sim}$</TEX>1.87 GHz), 0.05 dBi의 특성을 보였다. 또한, 제안된 PCS용 안테나가 기존의 2-채널 WiBro 대역 MIMO 안테나의 성능과 특성에 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하였다. This paper presents to improve of isolation characteristics between personal communication service(PCS) antenna In mobile terminal and 2-channel multi input multi output(MIMO) antenna in the wireless broadband Internet(WiBro) band. In order to improve the isolation between each channel antenna, the proposed PCS antenna with an air space of 3 mm height is located on the projected ground plane(<TEX>$25{\times}12mm$</TEX>) which is very small space<TEX>$(0.19{\lambda})$</TEX> between the 2-channel WiBro-MIMO antenna. The proposed PCS antenna structure is a modified planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) of spiral type with shorting strip line(6<TEX>${\times}$</TEX>4 mm). The calculated Isolation values between the proposed PIFA with 3-dimensional structure and the MIMO antenna at Wibro band are about -20dB below and agree well with the measurement. Measured return loss, bandwidth, and gain o# the proposed antenna are -20dB at 1.8GHz, 110MHz(1.76<TEX>${\sim}$</TEX>1.87 GHz) band at -10dB below, and 0.05dBi, respectively, Moreover, we confirm that the proposed PCS antenna has no influence on performance and characteristics of the conversional 2-channel WiBro-MIMO antenna.

Printed Slot Planar Inverted Cone Antenna for Ultrawideband Applications

A novel ultrawideband (UWB) printed wide-slot antenna is presented. The design is based on the planar inverted cone antenna (PICA), introduced by Suh. The presented design comprises PICA-like structures, etched from a double-layer substrate. Compared to the original PICA, it is lower in profile, more compact and maintains comparable performance. A prototype integrated in a printed circuit board and fed by a microstrip line is fabricated and measured. The results show that the proposed antenna provides at least 13:1 impedance bandwidth at 10-dB return loss.