Planar Coordination Research Articles

Comparison of two options for building three-coordinate electronic intelligence stations

The subject–coordinate measurement methods in ground electronic intelligence (ELINT) stations. The goal is to conduct a comparative analysis of two options for the composition ground ELINT stations in terms of accuracy of measuring coordinate information. The tasks to be solved are as follows: assessing the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the time difference of arrival method (TDOAМ) and hybrid method (HM); obtaining analytical ratios for estimating the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the accuracy of measuring the altitude of radio emission sources (RES) of these methods; on the basis of the obtained estimates and analytical ratios, a comparative analysis of the methods, under conditions where the accuracy of the coordinate information obtained by both methods is commensurate; and development of recommendations regarding the practical application of HM coordinate measurements. The methods used are: the theory of measurements and the theory of evaluation of coordinate information. The following results were obtained: a comparative analysis of the TDOAМ and HM was performed according to the RMSE of the determination of plane coordinates and the altitude of the RES. The accuracy assessment was performed in a known way, based on the linearization of the functional dependence between the measured primary parameters (range differences, elevation angle) and spatial coordinates by expanding in a Taylor series with the deduction of the first two terms of the series. Calculations have shown that the presence of the third side station has very little effect on the accuracy of determining plane coordinates. Significant differences appear only in the results of estimating the RMSE of the RES altitude. To compare the methods, analytical relationships were obtained for estimating the RMSE of the altitude measurement. The condition is determined under which the accuracy of determining the altitude for the HM is not worse than that for the TDOAМ (the accuracy is the same). Starting from this value and further, when using the HM, the altitude is determined more accurately. Conclusions. An HM of high-precision determination of 3 coordinates in ELINT stations, based on measuring two distance differences and direction finding (DF) in the elevation plane, can, with a smaller number of side stations (two instead of three), provide accuracy no worse than the known TDOAM. However, this requires that the RMSE value for DF in elevation should be tenths of degrees. The practical application of HM is possible for the issuance of target designations on air defense missile systems radar.

Decarbonylation Products of Binuclear Methylphosphinidene Complexes of Cyclopentadienyliron Carbonyls: Triplet and Quintet Structures Are Favored Energetically over Singlet Structures with Iron-Iron Multiple Bonding.

The structures, energetics, and energetically preferred spin states of methylphosphinidene-bridged binuclear cyclopentadienyliron carbonyl complexes MePFe2(CO)nCp2 (n = 4, 3, 2, and 1) related to the experimentally known (μ-RP)Fe2(μ-CO)(CO)2Cp2 (R = cyclohexyl, phenyl, mesityl, and 2,4,6-tBu3C6H2) complexes have been investigated by density functional theory. Singlet structures having a pyramidal pseudotetrahedral phosphorus environment with 18-electron iron configurations are energetically preferred in the tricarbonyl and tetracarbonyl systems MePFe2(CO)nCp2 (n = 4 and 3) with the lowest energy structures of the tricarbonyl very closely resembling the experimentally determined structures. For the more unsaturated dicarbonyl and monocarbonyl systems MePFe2(CO)nCp2 (n = 2 and 1), higher spin state triplet and quintet structures are energetically preferred over singlet structures. These more highly unsaturated structures can be derived from the lowest energy singlet MePFe2(CO)nCp2 (n = 4, 3) by the removal of carbonyl groups. The iron atoms giving up carbonyl groups in their 16- and 14-electron configurations bear the spin density of the unpaired electrons in the higher spin states. The lowest energy singlet structure of the monocarbonyl MePFe2(CO)Cp2, although a relatively high energy isomer, is unusual among the collection of MePFe2(CO)nCp2 (n = 4, 3, 2, and 1) structures by having both the formal Fe=Fe double bond and the four-electron donor MeP unit with the planar phosphorus coordination required to allow each of its iron atoms to attain the favored 18-electron configuration.

Цифровая обработка фотометрических данных дистанционного зондирования полей озимой ржи

Abstract. The paper considers the possibility of using neural network structures of an artificial intelligence system for processing photometric data of remote sensing of winter rye crops grown in the conditions of the Leningrad Region on the field of the educational and experimental garden of Saint Petersburg State Agrarian University in 2014–2015. In the process of cultivating plants, various types of treatments were applied: the application of mineral fertilizers, microelements and a microbial biological product. To process the photometric data, the Rosenblatt perceptron was used, which analyzes the similarities and differences in the photometric NDVI profiles of winter rye crops obtained from different variants of the experiment. According to the numerical indicators of vegetation indices, it was possible to construct phase portraits of the trajectory of their movement on the coordinate plane of the field. Further cluster analysis of the data obtained, converted into a square matrix of paired Euclidean distances, made it possible to identify on the dendrogram a grouping of variants in which the connecting components were the use of a microbiological inoculant. When using a biological product, there is a more complete development of plants in crops and their evenness in the field improves. The minimum coefficient of variation was observed for the variant without the use of a biological product, but with the joint use of a complex of all mineral fertilizers (50 phosphorite flour + 50 KCl + 50 ammonium nitrate) and microelements at a dose of 250 kg/ha. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the images of the trajectories of the points of the NDVI profiles provide qualitative information reflecting the dynamics of the ontogeny phases of winter rye plants. Based on the nature of the selected sections of these trajectories, it is possible to create a digital map of the experimental field, with the help of which to conduct a protocol for remote diagnostics of the state of crop productivity and make a forecast of their yield during harvesting.

MODELING OF THE EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD OF ELECTRIC MACHINES

Powerful electric machines – such as electric generators, electric motors generate a magnetic field of great tension. These fields negatively effect on personnel and can to violate the stability of electronic equipment. To determine safe areas for workers, laying communication cables and placing sensitive electronic equipment, it is advisable to model the propagation of magnetic fields of electrical machines. This will make it possible to rationalize the placing of electrical equipment at design stages. The most common high-power electrical machines are four-pole electrical machines with a dipole-quadrupole structure of the external magnetic field. The purpose of the research is a development of models of the propagation of the external magnetic field generated by alternating current electric machines. Results of the research: it is substantiated that to simulate the propagation of the magnetic field of electric machines, it is advisable to use the Gauss equation for the magnetic scalar potential. This will make it possible to take into account the required number of spatial harmonics of the magnetic field to ensure an acceptable calculation error. An electric machine is considered in a spherical approximation. Calculations were carried out in spherical coordinates. The distances were determined in relative radii of the electric machine - the ratio of the radius of the machine to the definition of field strength. The calculations were made for two planes of spherical coordinates and a three-dimensional image was obtained. As a result of the simulation, it is possible to determine the magnetic field strength of a four-pole electric machine at selected distances and directions around the electric machine with the required accuracy. It has been established that there are points of zero external magnetic field strength around electrical machines. Verification of the simulation results was carried out using the method of full-scale measurements of the magnetic field strength around a real four-pole machine. The measurement results showed acceptable agreement with the calculated data. Conclusions: the chosen approach and the results of modeling the propagation of the external magnetic field of electrical machines can be used to design the placement of electrical equipment, taking into account the requirements for electromagnetic safety and electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment.

Colliding null matter with a specific stress tensor

The accretion disks around black holes consist of infalling matter boosted almost to the speed of light making collisions with opposite counterpart. This is the rough picture occurring near black holes or other strongly gravitating centers that produce observed phenomena such as astrophysical jets. A toy model that can be considered imitating such a process is colliding null sources in general relativity. We present such a simple model projected into the plane of null coordinates that takes into account only neutral sources. We show that even at such a simplified model, uncharged and non-rotating, it is possible to obtain jet-like ejections albeit they lie below the horizon. In the present study the spacetime consists of either one of (i) a cloud of strings, (ii) a global monopole, (iii) a particular model of bumblebee gravity, all described by a similar class of stress-energy tensor. There are gravitational waves accompanying the null sources and naturally collision of gravitational waves is also taken into account. After the collision, the spacetime contains both null and non-null sources, followed by trailing gravitational radiations. Locally the interaction region of the colliding null-sources and gravitational waves is isometric to the static background spacetime.

Algebraic Surfaces with Three Super Ellipses for Formation of Submarine Hull Surfaces

_ Definite stereotype for the outward look of submarines was worked out in the process of evolution. It is very difficult to take into account all inner and outside factors having an influence on the choice of submarine hull shape. Choosing either factor, designers’ model a great variety of outside lines. A light hull of a submarine is the outer nonwatertight hull which provides a hydrodynamically efficient shape. The pressure hull is the inner hull of a submarine; this holds the difference between outside and inside pressure. Closed algebraic surfaces with the main cross-sections in the form of three superellipses lying in three coordinate planes can help to select a submarine form during early-stage design. Having used a parallel middle body, one can extend considerably the choice of suitable shapes. In this paper, a method of modeling smooth compound closed algebraic surfaces that approximates the outside lines of a submarine is presented. The authors offer to form an outside submarine hull from six fragments of algebraic surfaces. The whole hull surface and its fragments are given by the same parametric equations. A method is illustrated in three examples, and it is realized easily in the form of a computer program. The initial data contain large quantities of constants, and it gives an opportunity to consider an infinitely large quantity of variants of submarine hull surfaces. Keywords submarine hull surface; superellipse; compound algebraic surface; buttock line; waterline; midship section

Customizing Management Strategies for Product Introduction in Low-Volume Manufacturing: Enhancing Information Content Quality

Manufacturing companies characterized by high-mix and low-volume production exhibit distinct features that exert a significant influence on the product introduction process. The quality of information exchange between product design and production interfaces becomes paramount in low-volume manufacturing. Consequently, there is a pressing need to explore various methods for adapting and customizing management strategies to align with the unique characteristics of low-volume manufacturing and its associated product introduction processes. Although this knowledge is critical in low-volume manufacturing, most existing studies focus on the management aspects of high-volume manufacturing. Therefore, this study investigated the customization of management strategies for product introduction in low-volume manufacturing to enhance the quality of information content. Drawing upon a longitudinal analysis of new product introductions within a low-volume manufacturing company, this study identified four management strategies—namely, securing a production test and verification plan, revising the role of product introduction management, developing a formal design and production coordination plan, and developing lessons learned management plan. The paper explains how the examined company adapted and implemented product introduction management strategies to facilitate the enhancement of information content quality across three key stages: pre-implementation, post-implementation, and subsequent modification and refinement of strategies following the initial round of implementation. By shedding light on these strategies, this study offers a comprehensive understanding of management approaches for product introduction in low-volume manufacturing. The study makes a valuable contribution to the discourse on information quality management and design-production interface in the low-volume manufacturing and low-volume product introduction literature.

BIII-Subporphyrins Bearing Distorted Metal-Coordinating Straps: CuII-Assisted meso-Fabrications.

BIII-subporphyrins 4, 5, and 6 possessing metal-coordinating carbaporphyrin-like pockets were synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. Compounds 4 and 5 gave PdII complexes 4-Pd and 5-Pd upon metalation with Pd(OAc)2 but did not give either their NiII or CuII complexes. Conversely, 6 was expected to induce distorted square planar coordination because of its 2,5-di(pyrid-2-yl)pyrrole strap. Indeed reaction of 6 with Cu(OAc)2 did not give its CuII complex but produced meso-alkoxy and meso-phenoxy products in the presence of alcohols and phenol, possibly via CuII-mediated C-H bond functionalization, which was further extended to meso-C-C bond-forming fabrications by using organoboronic acids. These CuII-mediated C-H bond meso-fabrications are the first example for porphyrinoid substrates.

Scalar fields features of video sequences energy characteristics

To improve the methods of spatio-temporal filtering, an approach based on the analysis of finitary images energy spectra can be used. The purpose of this work is to study the possibility of using energy spectra for motion identification in video sequence frames. Each frame of a video sequence is a spatially finite image, the energy spectrum of which contains information about the phase components. This information is of particular importance for determining the location of dynamic objects. The most important information is also contained in the harmonic amplitude increments of the frame energy spectra, i.e. the energy spectrum generates a scalar discrete field. The energy functions describe inter-frame changes in the amplitudes of harmonics of the energy spectrum. To apply energy spectra in motion identification algorithms, it is necessary to analyze the properties of these scalar fields. Scalar fields generated by energy spectra of frames of test video sequences are studied. Test video sequences with an object moving in an arbitrary direction are used. Scalar fields of energy functions are presented graphically. Characteristic regions of scalar fields are identified and their projections are built using isolines. The boundaries of the characteristic areas and the coordinates of extrema of energy functions are determined. From them, all coordinates of the dynamic object and its horizontal/vertical displacements can be found. The dependence of phase-energy function extrema on the position of the object before the motion and on the direction of motion is studied. When moving in an arbitrary direction, different types of extrema are observed: point and extended. At vertical or horizontal movements, the energy functions graphs have only two-dimensional pulses. Additional criteria for eliminating ambiguities are proposed. The ambiguities are due to the fact that the number and nature of extrema may coincide for different directions of motion and location of objects in different quadrants of the coordinate plane. The extrema of energy functions for object movements in all possible directions and locations in any quadrant of a video sequence frame are determined. The obtained results showed that energy functions for object motion in arbitrary direction have a large number of characteristic regions containing point and extended extrema. The configuration of extrema depends both on the direction of motion and on the quadrant of the image in which the object is located. Therefore, it is most advisable to begin to determine the spatial coordinates of an object and the magnitude of its horizontal/vertical movement by finding the maximum and minimum boundaries of energy functions, and then refine it using the coordinates of the extrema. Consideration of characteristic regions and extrema of scalar fields of energy functions can be used in the development of algorithms effective in terms of "accuracy/speed" ratio, and can increase the performance of image and video processing systems. Algorithms for determining the object position, velocity and direction of its movement by analyzing scalar fields of energy spectra components can be used as an additional or main tool for motion identification in technical vision systems.

Numerical Simulation of Initial Value Problem of Integro-differential Equation Models

In this article, the Volterra-Fredholm integral equation (V-FIE) is derived from an initial value problem of kind integro-differential equation (IVP). We discuss the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the problem in Hilbert space. A numerical method is used to reduce this type of equation to System of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind(SFIEs). In light of this, the clustering method and the Galerkin method to solve the system of second-order Fredholm integral equations(SFIEs) and calculate the error in each case. Finally, the approximate and exact solutions are plotted on the same coordinate plane Using MATLAB code (2022).

Online measurement of birefringence of sensing fibers in the AFOCT system

AbstractThis paper presents a novel scheme to online measure the birefringence of the sensing fiber in all‐fiber optic current transformer (AFOCT) system, which monitors the current on direct current (DC) transmission lines using the Faraday magneto‐optic effect in sensing fibers. In this scheme, by purposefully varying the difference of square‐wave modulated phases via the phase modulator in the AFOCT system, different system transmittances can be obtained. On the basis of the relationship between the system transmittance and linear and circular birefringences, an online measurement scheme of both the linear and circular birefringences of the sensing fibers can be established. In this scheme, the AFOCT system is described by the transmission model based on the Jones matrices, with which the current on DC transmission lines can be measured from the phase shift caused by the Faraday effect. Then, under different square‐wave modulated phases, the system transmittance models are constructed with respect to the linear and circular birefringences of the sensing fiber. For a given sensing fiber with certain linear and circular birefringences, the specific system transmittances are determined and are the curves in space in the respective system transmittance models. Subsequently, these curves in space can be projected onto the coordinate plane composed of the linear and circular birefringence coordinate axes, where the intersection point of the projected plane curves gives the to‐be‐measured values of the linear and circular birefringences of the sensing fiber. The proposed scheme is validated by the preset linear and circular birefringences of the sensing fiber, with different linear birefringences of the polarization‐maintaining fiber. The measurement results show the values consistent with the preset ones.

Synthesis and characterization of new palladium (II) and silver (I) thiosemicarbazone derived by acenaphthenequinone complexes and their antimicrobial activity

The ability of substituted acenaphthenequinone-thiosemicarbazones to do complexation with Pd(II) and Ag(I) salts was investigated. The obtained Pd(II) 5a-f and Ag(I) 7a-f complexes showed that ligation was occurred during the reaction of two equivalents of the ligands with one equivalent of the metal salts. In case of Pd complexes 5a-f, two moles of HCl were eliminated during complexation process. Whereas direct ligation was occurred during complexation of one mole of AgNO3 and two moles of ligands to form the corresponding cationic-anionic salts 7a-f. IR, NMR, and UV–vis spectra were used to deduce the structure of the formed metal complexes. X-ray structure analysis proved the syn-form of bis(bidentate) structure of Pd complex 5e, as Pd showed a square planar coordination with two sulfur and two nitrogen atoms. The cationic-anionic nature of silver complexes was revealed by molar conductance. UV–visible spectra were also investigated by means of Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory (TD-DFT) computations. The obtained metal complexes were also investigated asantibacterial and antifungal agents. Compounds 5f, 5e, 7d, and 7f were found to be the most active and effective against the four bacterial strains, with compound 7f having the most potent action. Compound 7f (R = 3-OMe-Ph) showed MIC values of 0.066, 0.018, 0.018, and 0.033 µg/mL against B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae, respectively. For compound 7d (R = Benzyl), the MIC values are found as 0.028, 0.057, 0.028, and 0.028 µg/mL against the same previous bacterial strains. Compounds 5d, 5e, 7c, and 7f demonstrated promising antifungal activity against C. albicans with MIC values of 0.029, 0.023, 0.018, and 0.027 µg/ml, respectively, when compared to the reference fluconazole, which had a MIC value of 0.020 µg/ml. Compound 7f revealed inhibitory activity of E. coli DNA gyrase (IC50 = 210 ± 15 nM, respectively) being 1.2-folds less potent than the reference novobiocin (IC50 = 170 ± 20 nM).

Lower extremity and trunk sagittal plane coordination strategies and kinetic distribution during landing in males and females

ABSTRACT Force attenuation during landing requires coordinated motion of the ankle, knee, hip, and trunk, and strategies may differ between sexes. Sagittal plane coordination of the ankle/knee, knee/hip, and knee/trunk, and lower extremity and trunk kinematics and kinetics was compared throughout landing between 28 males and 28 females. Coordination was assessed with a modified vector coding technique and binning analysis. Total support moments (TSM), each joint’s percent contribution, and timing of the TSM were compared. Females landed with less isolated knee flexion in the ankle/knee, knee/hip, and knee/trunk couplings, but more simultaneous ankle/knee flexion, less simultaneous knee flexion/hip extension, and more simultaneous trunk/knee flexion. Females landed with larger plantarflexion angles from 0–16% and smaller trunk flexion angles from 0–78%. In females, absolute TSM were larger from 0–6% and smaller from 42–100%, and normalized TSM were larger from 0–8% and 26–42%. Females had greater ankle contribution to the TSM from 14–15% and 29–35%, smaller absolute peak TSM, and the peak TSM occurred earlier. Females compensated for less isolated knee flexion with greater simultaneous ankle/knee flexion early in landing and knee/trunk flexion later in landing. Coordination and TSM differences may influence force attenuation strategies and have implications for knee injury disparity between sexes.

Choral: Object-oriented Choreographic Programming

Choreographies are coordination plans for concurrent and distributed systems, which define the roles of the involved participants and how they are supposed to work together. In the paradigm of choreographic programming, choreographies are programs that can be compiled into executable implementations. In this article, we present Choral, the first choreographic programming language based on mainstream abstractions. The key idea in Choral is a new notion of data type, which allows for expressing that data is distributed over different roles. We use this idea to reconstruct the paradigm of choreographic programming through object-oriented abstractions. Choreographies are classes, and instances of choreographies are objects with states and behaviours implemented collaboratively by roles. Choral comes with a compiler that, given a choreography, generates an implementation for each of its roles. These implementations are libraries in pure Java, whose types are under the control of the Choral programmer. Developers can then modularly compose these libraries in their programs, to participate correctly in choreographies. Choral is the first incarnation of choreographic programming offering such modularity, which finally connects more than a decade of research on the paradigm to practical software development. The integration of choreographic and object-oriented programming yields other powerful advantages, where the features of one paradigm benefit the other in ways that go beyond the sum of the parts. On the one hand, the high-level abstractions and static checks from the world of choreographies can be used to write concurrent and distributed object-oriented software more concisely and correctly. On the other hand, we obtain a much more expressive choreographic language from object-oriented abstractions than in previous work. This expressivity allows for writing more reusable and flexible choreographies. For example, object passing makes Choral the first higher-order choreographic programming language, whereby choreographies can be parameterised over other choreographies without any need for central coordination. We also extend method overloading to a new dimension: specialisation based on data location. Together with subtyping and generics, this allows Choral to elegantly support user-defined communication mechanisms and middleware.

Розбалансованість документів стратегічного та просторового планування розвитку та напрями їх узгодження

Modern challenges caused by russia’s full-scale armed aggression against Ukraine and Ukraine’s obtaining the status of a candidate for EU membership require the elaboration / revision and coordination of documents that regularize and regulate strategic and spatial planning in the State at all levels. The issue of formation of strategic and spatial planning documents is especially relevant for local self-government bodies of territorial communities. On the one hand, due to the insufficient number of specialists in strategic and spatial planning during the wartime and the high cost of developing such documents, and on the other hand, due to the vertical and horizontal imbalance (inconsistency) of strategic and spatial planning documents. The aim of the presented study is to determine the directions of coordination of strategic and spatial planning documents for the development of territorial communities on the basis of identifying gaps and shortcomings in the system of strategic and spatial planning in Ukraine. The study focuses on the theoretical and applied aspects of considering the problem of harmonization of strategic and spatial planning in Ukraine. The theoretical component is concentrated around the approach to strategic and spatial planning. In particular, the «top-down» approach to strategic and spatial planning in Ukraine is characterized and critically evaluated. It is noted that in the conditions of wartime and post-war recovery, it is fully justified to prevent the increase in differentiation in the development of territorial communities in different regions of the country and the negative impact of the armed aggression of the russian federation on them. Applied aspects of the study are related to the identification of gaps in the systems of strategic and spatial planning in Ukraine. In particular, special attention is paid to the vertical and horizontal coordination of two key documents to be developed by local self-government bodies of territorial communities – the strategy for the development of the territorial community (strategic planning document) and a comprehensive plan for the spatial development of the territory of the territorial community (spatial planning document). Based on the results of the study, amendments to the legislation related to the vertical and horizontal coordination of strategic and spatial planning documents in order to preserve the integrity of the State regional policy in Ukraine with the simultaneous opening of opportunities for local self-government bodies to form effective, rather than formal documents for the strategic and spatial development of territorial communities are proposed.

A novel phosphate with CoII square planar coordination, BaCo0.5Fe(PO4)2: structural and magnetic features.

A novel phosphate containing barium, cobalt, and iron was synthesized in single-crystal and polycrystalline forms. Single crystal-based X-ray measurements revealed that it crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the P21/c space group. The structure is made up of linkages between FeO6 octahedra, CoO4 square planar units, CoO5 square pyramidal units, and PO4 tetrahedra through edges and/or vertices. The interconnection of these polyhedra leads to a three-dimensional framework with tunnels along the a-axis where the Ba2+ cations are located. The polycrystalline form was prepared via the sol-gel method and its XRD pattern was refined by the Le Bail method. Morphological and elemental mapping analyses of this phosphate were performed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, infrared and Raman spectroscopy provided more insights into chemical bonding. The magnetic behavior was antiferromagnetic below TN ∼ 20 K. Optical measurements revealed a direct bandgap with an energy Eg of 2.83 eV.

The spatial orientation of crista ampullaris: implications for BPPV diagnosis and treatment.

This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the spatial orientation of the crista ampullaris within the inner ear and its implications for the diagnosis and management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Using high-resolution MRI scans of 55 normal inner ears, 3D models of the semicircular canals were segmented. These were complemented by detailed membrane labyrinth models from micro-CT scans of human temporal bones, accessed via the Comparative Ear Bank (www.earbank.org). A statistical shape model of inner ears and eyeballs was established, and a standardized 3D spatial coordinate system was created. The horizontal plane was defined using the top of the common crus and the bottom of the eyeballs. This calibrated reference system allowed for precise quantification of crista ampullaris orientations by calculating angles between the defined crista planes and coordinate planes. The plane of the ampulla and the corresponding semicircular canal plane are nearly perpendicular to each other. In the upright position, the posterior semicircular canal crista ampullaris formed an angle of 48.9° with the horizontal plane. The relative orientations of the crista ampullaris of the lateral and superior canals were also defined. Furthermore, we identified "zero-point planes" representing crista orientations perpendicular to gravity, which resulted in minimal ampullary stimulation. A 6.2° tilt to the left in the supine position resulted in the plane of the left lateral semicircular canal crista ampullaris being parallel to the direction of gravity. This study elucidates the precise spatial orientation of the crista ampullaris, thereby providing an anatomical basis for understanding BPPV pathophysiology and improving the accuracy of diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers. The findings have the potential to significantly enhance the management of BPPV and other inner ear disorders.

Імітаційне моделювання часу випередження включення дозвільного сигналу світлофора в плані координації на міських магістралях

Імітаційне моделювання часу випередження включення дозвільного сигналу світлофора в плані координації на міських магістралях

Генеральные планы новых городов 1960–1980-х гг.

The features of the general plans of new cities that were built in the USSR in 1960–1980s are studied. The features of the general plans of such cities were due to the fact that the construction of the city was caused by the construction of an industrial facility. The plans were commissioned not by local authorities, but by the directorates of the enterprises under construction or by central departmental institutions. The customers financed the development of master plans. This approach led to a lag in the design of housing and public facilities. The main normative acts on master plans are identified, the state bodies that issued them are indicated. The order of coordination and approval of general plans of cities is studied. The order of approval of master plans of new cities was the same as that of the capitals of the Union republics. The volume of materials that were included in the master plan of the city was analyzed. A reference plan of a new city was developed to accelerate urban planning. Design organizations from all over the country were involved in drawing up master plans of new cities. Master plans of new cities were given great importance. They reflected the requirements to ensure comfortable living conditions for the employees of enterprises, population resettlement in the territory of the country, application of advanced construction and architectural solutions. Master plans of new cities were not only technical, but also legal documents.

Mononuclear Fe(III) Schiff base antipyrine complexes for catalytic hydrogen generation.

Mononuclear Fe(III) complexes containing an antipyrine Schiff base ligand were prepared and fully characterized, demonstrating a planar tetradentate coordination geometry. These complexes were found to be active for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Catalysis occurs at -1.4 V vs. Fc+/Fc, with an overpotential of 700 mV. The complexes are active electrocatalysts with a turnover frequency of 700 s-1. Furthermore, when paired with a chromophore and sacrificial donor, the complexes are active photocatalysts demonstrating >1700 turnovers during 40 hours of irradiation with a quantum yield of up to 5.4%. The catalysts have also been found to operate in natural water samples of varying salinity.