Building Plan Research Articles

Effects of Window Green View Index on Stress Recovery of College Students from Psychological and Physiological Aspects

Students often experience high levels of daily academic pressure, spending extended periods within indoor classroom environments. Windows, as a medium of proximity to nature, play an important role in relieving stress. However, the broader implications of the Window Green View Index (WGVI) on individual well-being remain underexplored. This study aims to assess the effects of WGVI on stress recovery in college students by utilizing virtual reality technology to create five classroom environments with varying WGVI levels: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Twenty-four participants were subjected to the Trier Social Stress Test before engaging with the different WGVI scenarios for stress recovery. Both subjective assessments and objective physiological indicators were evaluated. Results indicated that participants exhibited the lowest Profile of Mood States (POMS) score (−4.50) and significantly improved systolic blood pressure recovery at a 25% WGVI level. The examination of EEG data revealed that the O2 channel in the occipital region exhibited the highest level of activity in the alpha frequency range during the experiment. Additionally, a significant association was observed between the EEG measurements and the subjective rating of stress. This study underscores the significance of incorporating WGVI into the design and planning of college buildings to promote mental health and well-being among students.

How to address the barriers to meaningful adolescent involvement in health research: A qualitative study.

The under-involvement of adolescents in health research has been attributed to multiple barriers faced by both researchers and adolescents. Despite identifying these barriers, the literature offers few solutions, mostly from the perspective of researchers. To address this, we conducted a qualitative study to explore effective strategies to address these barriers from the perspective of both researchers and adolescents. We conducted semi-structured interviews with adolescents (n = 25) and researchers (n = 25) from 14 countries. We included adolescents aged 10-24 years with experience of contributing to health research studies and health researchers with experience of engaging adolescents in health research. The interviews explored the mitigation strategies to commonly reported barriers to meaningful adolescent involvement for researchers and adolescents. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. We identified three overarching strategies to address the commonly experienced barriers to adolescent involvement. First, participants suggested the need to plan for adequate resources, organizational support, capacity building, accessibility, compensation, and adolescents' safety. Second, they recommended building relationships by engaging the community, fostering trust and respect with adolescents, promoting teamwork, and maintaining transparent communication. Third, they proposed making involvement engaging for adolescents by creating a conducive environment, increasing their representation, using interesting methods, and addressing power dynamics. These findings build on the current best practices for adolescent involvement in health research by highlighting which strategies should be incorporated early on to plan for and prevent potential challenges to adolescent involvement.

Green space-building integration for Urban Heat Island mitigation: Insights from Beijing's fifth ring road district

In this research, we delve into the complex arrangement of urban landscapes, where green spaces and buildings are not merely co-existing but are interwoven into a cohesive fabric that shapes the thermal environment. Our approach transcends the conventional methods of analysis, which typically isolate the roles of greenery or built environments. Instead, we adopt a synergistic perspective that recognizes the collective influence of these landscape constituents on the urban thermal pattern. Key insights are: (1) A linear decrease in average land surface temperature with increasing green space coverage is observed. However, substantial temperature variations (up to 8 °C) within the same coverage interval highlight the significant impact of built-up pattern on thermal conditions; (2) High Building Height and Floor Area Ratio, and low Building Coverage Ratio and Sky View Factor, are linked to cooler temperatures in areas with up to 50 % green space; (3) The study suggests that low-temperature areas can inform the adjustment of built-up patterns in high-temperature areas, offering a strategy for thermal environment optimization within specific green space coverage intervals. This research contributes insights into the integrated planning of green spaces and buildings, with implications for urban development and renewal initiatives aiming to enhance the urban thermal environment.

Resource Planning and Collapse of Buildings in Kiambu County, Kenya

Purpose: The research sought to find out the impacts of resource planning on building collapse in Kiambu County, Kenya. Therefore, this research aimed to establish the impact of resource planning on building collapse in Kiambu to be able to advise on how to contain the problem and enhance the non-collapse of such buildings. Methodology: In this study, the authors adopted a simple random sampling technique to identify construction projects in Kiambu County based on Kahneman and Tversky’s Scheduling Fallacy Theory that covers problems such as over-optimism and false resource forecasting on resource requirement necessary for efficient completion of the project. The descriptive research method was also used in the study since it included both qualitative and quantitative data. The population of the study consisted of 545, which included the employees from the physical planning department, architects, surveyors, engineers, and contractors’ builders, and finally the sample size came to 231 as estimated By Yamane, 1967. Findings: The research findings revealed that poor resource management has partly influenced building failures. Attempts by the contractors to solve the problem and eradicate the vice have been frustrated by the locals and politicians for their selfish reasons which have not been highlighted in this study. The research also pointed out that handling of resources reveals the highest mean score of 4.1773 this means that most respondents hold positive attitudes towards their practice of resource planning. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy, and Practice: The Scheduling Fallacy Theory of 1979 by Kahneman and Tversky was utilized to examine the construction collapses of Kiambu County and the cognitive biases of underestimating time, resources, and costs in construction projects. The study suggested that strict adherence to building codes, better regulatory standards, risk evaluation, and better resource allocation are needed. Prevention was recommended through cross-sector collaboration of government, developers, contractors, and regulatory bodies alike. Empirical research into resource planning faults and their impact on structural integrity was proposed.

Teachers’ Competence in Information and Communication Technology

By enhancing teachers’ competence in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). schools can better prepare students for success in a digitally driven world and empower them to become lifelong learners equipped with essential digital skills. In this context, this study aimed to determine the level of competence of teachers in the utilization of ICT in one of the public secondary schools in a large division of Central Philippines for the School Year 2020-2021 as basis for a capacity building plan. Overall, a very high level of competence in Microsoft Word application indicates that teachers have the skills, knowledge, and proficiency to achieve more in this software effectivity in their teaching practices, enhancing instructional delivery, resource creation, collaboration, and daily productivity in teaching learners every day. Overall, the Competence of Teachers in the Utilization of Information and Communication Technology signifies proficient in leveraging the software to enhance instructional delivery, facilitate resource creation, have collaboration and uphold daily productivity in teaching. Teachers demonstrate strong communication skills integrating technology to enrich the teaching and learning experience, inspiring student engagement in their daily educational endeavors. It hopes that the fruit of this research provides proper data to those people responsible for incorporating new technologies into the school teaching and learning advancement. Keywords: Education, Information and Communication Technology, teachers, students, competence, Negros Oriental, Philippines

The Influence of Strategic Media on Nation Building: The Case of Sudan

The study systematically investigated the hypothesis that strategic media initiatives promote and accelerate nation-building processes (NBP) in Sudan. The strategic media variables examined included three essential ones: media language perfection (MLP), qualitative media coverage (QMC), and information building plan (IBP). Using a multilinear regression model (MLRM), the study analyzed the relationships among these predicting variables and their impact on the dependent variable. The evaluation of how the three predictors impact nation-building and state stability required the distribution of a survey containing 21 questions. 200 Sudanese journalists from different parts of the country received the questionnaire. They represent diverse backgrounds across private and public media institutions, including male and female participants. The principal data collection technique adopted by the study was the online survey, supplemented by other secondary sources such as journals, books, and professional internet websites. The use of a five-point Likert scale was feasible to evaluate responses. The analysis indicated that the three predictors collectively explained 94.2% of the variation in NBP (R² = 0.942, p < 0.001). Among these predictors, IBP demonstrated the highest impact (β = 0.624), followed by MLP (β = 0.589) and QMC (β = 0.247). These findings underscore the significant role of professional media in Sudanese nation-building by facilitating practical initiatives and addressing internal conflicts. The study contributes robust empirical evidence and theoretical insights into the efforts of Sudanese journalists, emphasizing the critical role of strategic media in fostering nation-building and enhancing state stability.

Evaluation of space efficiency criteria in high-rise buildings based on functions: a case study of Türkiye

ABSTRACT High-rise buildings have become a significant solution to address the challenges posed by the rapid growth of urban populations and space limitations in cities. Efficient planning and design of these buildings, aiming to achieve more productivity, can be realized through ensuring space efficiency. This research compares architectural and structural design criteria affecting space efficiency in high-rises based on their functions, aiming to assess the degree of correlation among these criteria, space efficiency, and their interrelations. Currently, no studies examine the differences or similarities in space efficiency of high-rise buildings based on their functions. Additionally, selecting buildings from the same region as samples is a unique aspect of this study. Employing a case study method, the analysis encompasses 42 high-rises in Türkiye, ranging from 100 m to 300 m, and utilizes correlation analysis methods to examine the data. The comprehensive review of space efficiency in high-rises, based on their functions, yielded the following results: (i) Space efficiency ranged from 82.7% to 65.2% in high-rise case studies with different functions, with an average of 73.2%. (ii) A significant majority (83%) of the buildings followed orthogonal designs. (iii) Central core floor planning emerged as the preferred approach. (iv) Increasing elevator density reduced space efficiency. (v) Office buildings favored reinforced concrete frame systems, while residential buildings commonly used reinforced concrete shear wall systems. (vi) As building height increased, elevator and core areas expanded. These findings provide guidance for future high-rise building design and planning.

A simple device to simulate the radon vertical migration in soil

The knowledge of the soil radon levels is important for the planning and construction of new buildings in order to estimate the radon risk and to classify the ground for construction purposes. A simple device was developed to simulate the vertical migration of radon in soil. The device simulates the vertical migration of radon in two different cases. The first case: simulates radon vertical migration in soil in a natural environment. The top of the device is open, while the around and bottom are sealed. The second case: simulates the vertical migration of radon in soil under the surface of a concrete floor. The device is sealed all around, including the top and bottom. A total of two sets of experiments were conducted in this study, each set of experiments simulated the migration of radon under two different cases. According to the research results, the potential radon concentration under the concrete floor is much higher than the natural potential radon concentration. Therefore, this factor must be fully considered when selecting the building materials and designing radon protection materials.

CONSTRUCTION MEDIATION: GLOBAL EXPERIENCE FOR ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN THE MODERNISATION OF MULTI-APARTMENT RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Modernisation of multi-apartment buildings is one of the steps towards achieving the goals of sustainable urban development. Modernisation of buildings and construction in general causes many disputes between the condominium, co-owners and other stakeholders, especially approval and financial issues. Such disputes are usually interpersonal rather than legal or legislative. In this regard, litigation is impractical or not at all within the competence of the courts. Modernisation, as an architectural, engineering, constructing and the process of urban development in general, is not an obligation and is a manifestation of desire of communities and a goal of the country, therefore the dispute resolution on this issue requires a special and innovative approach. Mediation is almost the only one way to resolve disputes between condominiums and co-owners on issues of modernisation and further operation and maintenance. If for many countries in the world construction mediation, although a relatively new concept, is already widely used in practice, then in Ukraine this method of dispute resolution is little known and not widespread. This method has proven its effectiveness in practice, because it is quick and simple in contrast to the litigation, which can suspend or delay construction for a very long time. Mediation helps parties reach agreement on any issue. Modernisation is an important and necessary step, at the same time controversial and difficult, due to the need for co-financing of the project by the co-owners of the house. Disputes between the parties are not only obstacles for project implementation and development but also endangers the achievement of achieving the goals of urban sustainable development. The larger project the more controversial issues arise that need to be resolved: not only financial, coordination and legislation but also compliance of norms and rules of non-government organisations or foundations that finance the program. Implementation of global mediation experience in modernisation and urban planning will help to more effectively and easily develop construction processes and dispute resolution between stakeholders of the project. The research and implementation of this issue is an important step on the way to improving the processes of modernisation of multi-apartment building, construction and urban planning.

Apartment Layouts of Social Housing for Tomsk Architecture

Apartment layouts define the types of residential cells and their correlation with a multiapartment residential building or residential development. It is one of the main parameters that determines spatial planning in the architectural design of a multi-apartment residential building.Purpose: To formulate recommendations for classification of residential cells of the housing fund for social use, which will be appropriate for the architectural design of a multi-apartment residential building; to determine accommodation of different types of apartments for families registered in the Tomsk regional administrations to improve living conditions. The criteria that determine the place of residential cells in the spatial planning solution of a multi-apartment residential building include the demographic composition of families and mobility of their members.Methodology: Statistical data analysis and diagrams of spatial planning solutions for multiapartment residential buildings, making use of residential cells of one to six rooms.Value: Solutions for housing architecture are proposed through apartment layouts in terms of the spatial planning for multi-apartment residential buildings in the Tomsk social housing.

Automated Room-Level Localisation Using Building Plan Information.

Building Management Systems (BMSs) are transitioning from utilising wired installations to wireless Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and actuators. This shift introduces the requirement of robust localisation methods which can link the installed sensors to the correct Control Units (CTUs) which will facilitate continued communication. In order to lessen the installation burden on the technicians, the installation process should be made more complicated by the localisation method. We propose an automated version of the fingerprinting-based localisation method which estimates the location of sensors with room-level accuracy. This approach can be used for initialisation and maintenance of BMSs without introducing additional manual labour from the technician installing the sensors. The method is extended to two proposed localisation methods which take advantage of knowledge present in the building plan regarding the distribution of sensors in each room to estimate the location of groups of sensors at the same time. Through tests using a simulation environment based on a Bluetooth-based measurement campaign, the proposed methods showed an improved accuracy from the baseline automated fingerprinting method. The results showed an error rate of 1 in 20 sensors (if the number of sensors per room is known) or as few as 1 per 200 sensors (if a group of sensors are deployed and detected together for one room at a time).

A fire safety engineering approach to improving community resilience to the impacts of wildfire

AbstractEach year severe wildfires continue to cause significant destruction resulting in the loss of life, property, critical infrastructure, and the environment. In an effort to increase community preparedness and resilience to wildfire, international jurisdictions have adopted both guiding principles and prescriptive codes that apply to both urban planning and fire engineering design of buildings within the wildland–urban interface. These measures are intended to protect occupants, enhance the survivability of structures from different fire exposure mechanisms, and increase the chances of successful firefighting operations. However, research has identified (i) inconsistent approaches to regulation and governance; (ii) limited research on which urban design and building standards are based; and (iii) misaligned or contradictory urban design and building standards. This not only stifles the use of development proposing suitable performance‐based design that could achieve the required outcomes but can increase administrative burdens and development costs without increasing safety. The aim of this current study is to contribute to addressing identified shortfalls by identifying and distilling the last 23 years of research in the field related to (i) the development of evidence‐based performance requirements, and (ii) the application of effective governance arrangements in order to enhance urban design and wildfire engineering practices. These aims are achieved through a systematic literature review. Ultimately, however, of the 608 initial articles captured in the identification phase of the SLR, not a single article provided insight into the most effective regulatory or governance mechanism, and only three provided criteria suitable for adoption as a performance requirement. While the aims of this study were only partially achieved, it does provide a foundation for the field by way of identifying and distilling the current state of practice.

Distribution of Rain Intensity: Daily Maximum Rainfall Data in The Province of South Sumatera and West Sumatera

The high intensity of rain in May 2024 caused flooding in the Sumatra region, especially Padang City and Palembang City. The region of West Sumatra is also known as the ethalae of disasters with frequent earthquakes, floods, and landslides. In Indonesia, many frequency analyses are conducted using the Gumbel distribution without testing data and clear hydrological reasons. It is feared that this method is considered as a routine way, thus causing the risk of unwanted deviations, resulting in many disasters and errors in the planning of water buildings. This research aims to determine and know the type of distribution that is representative for the maximum daily rainfall frequency in West Sumatra and South Sumatra Provinces as a reference for development and disaster mitigation in the region. The research location is in West Sumatra and South Sumatra. The data used for this study were taken from daily maximum rainfall data from rain stations for 35 to 40 years from 24 rain stations in West Sumatra Province, and 16 rain stations for South Sumatra region. This type of research is development research with the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The development method consists of four different phases: Initial Investigation, Design, Realisation and Development. The data of each station was then organised into two types of data series, namely the annual maximum data series and the annual minimum data series. The results of this data series test are expected to follow one or more types of distributions commonly used in Hydrology and Drainage. The distribution results obtained for the South Sumatra region are Gama-III and LP-III, while for the West Sumatra region the distribution types are Gama-III, LP-III Normal Log and Gembel. The conclusion obtained is that West Sumatra does not have only one type of distribution. For the type of test using the SPSS.22 application, the results obtained are goodness of fit test, parametric test, Chi-Square test, Kolmogorov Smirnov test and Anderson-Darling test and Histrogram (visual) method.

Design Analysis and Analysis of Roof Structure Work in the Implementation of the Exit Gate and Cafeteria Construction Project at Delta Surya Sidoarjo Hospital

Building design and planning requires a very high level of precision and a relatively long time. Therefore, most consultants and construction implementers (contractors) rely on technical application support during project planning, design, and construction report preparation. A very commonly used application in Indonesia is AutoCAD. Supported with other applications such as SAP2000 and ETABS to create 2D and 3D images and analyze the strength of structures. The definition of design methods is the ways in which a designer creates an object. Some of the design methods that are often used are as follows: a. Explosing, which is a design method by seeking inspiration through critical thinking to produce a design that has never been created. b. Redefining, which is a design method by reprocessing a design to become something different and better. c. Managing, which is a design method by creating designs in a sustainable and continuous manner. d. Phototyping, which is a design method by improving and/or modifying the design of the ancestral heritage. e. Trendspotting, which is a design method by creating a design based on a developing trend. In the implementation process, the contractor PT Muliif Teknika Utama requires technical drawings that are used for work references. Where later the field results will be in accordance with the planning time. In the process of work on the structure of the field team, the implementation team needs shop drawings as a reference for implementation. Here is an example of a working drawing of a roof plan. Based on the results of the observations that have been made, the design needed in the work of the roof of the exit gate and cafeteria in the hospital. Delta Surya Sidoarjo includes: a. Drawing of the roof truss plan b. Drawing of the roof component plan in the form of placing curtains, rafters, battens, and breising column c. Cut drawings d. Detail drawings.

Data-driven performance analysis of an active chilled beam air conditioning system: A machine learning approach for energy efficiency and predictive maintenance

This study aims to enhance energy performance estimation and maintenance planning for office buildings in Tehran. Machine learning and data mining techniques were employed, utilizing Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Narrow Neural Networks, and optimizable SVMs. A comprehensive dataset of 2500 experimental samples was utilized with five input parameters (building size, occupancy patterns, environmental conditions, and ACB system parameters) and one output parameter (electricity consumption). GPR models performed better in estimating electricity consumption, achieving a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 297.01 and an impressive R-squared value of 0.99. To optimize energy performance and design more energy-efficient buildings, this model accurately predicts energy consumption. Additionally, this study addressed maintenance planning for ACB systems, simulating maintenance issues with 2500 synthetic samples. The dataset included building age, size, number of floors, usage intensity, previous maintenance history, location, and environmental factors. Maintenance time was estimated using these features, and XGBoost was employed to predict ACB system maintenance time. Low MSE, RMSE, and R-squared values in the XGBoost model allow for accurate predictions. Using this model, facility managers can proactively plan maintenance activities, allocate resources, and minimize downtime. Through proactive measures, ACB performance and maintenance costs are optimized. The study accurately predicts ACB system energy consumption and maintenance time using the rational quadratic GPR model, applicable in Tehran and beyond. Additionally, MATLAB version R2022b was used for prediction, while DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus were utilized for technical analysis.

Illegal luxuritecture: How the super-rich in Hong Kong land grab and unlawfully expand their luxury living spaces

This article introduces the concept of ‘illegal luxuritecture’ – illegal luxury architecture – to capture the way a minority of super-rich expand their living environments without planning permissions, sometimes through land grabs of government land. Typically, illegal housing is associated with the urban poor, but it is argued that through elite capture, unauthorised building works (UBWs) have also been utilised by the super-rich. This article focusses on Hong Kong where a number of illegal luxuritectural structures came to light after September 2023 when the most severe rainstorm since records began in the 19th century caused the collapse of unauthorised building works. Illegal luxuritectural construction involves illegally altering building foundations and sometimes flood protection walls, causing destabilisation of soil and creating landslides. Although failure to comply with Building (Planning) Regulations and the Buildings Ordinance is a criminal offence which can result in fines or imprisonment, findings suggest that a minority of the elite class tends to ignore these regulations. This is because, the fines for unauthorised building works are relatively small in relation to the high value of the property or the rental income generated, and prison sentences are almost never imposed. This article contributes to the current academic discussions on the super-rich in general and the housing of the global super-rich in particular.

Life cycle assessment and multi-criteria decision-making for sustainable building parts: criteria, methods, and application

Abstract Purpose Sustainable building design relies heavily on building parts, with crucial consideration for climate and environmental impact. Due to numerous criteria and diverse alternatives, employing multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) to choose the best alternative is essential. Yet, relevant criteria and suitable MCDM methods for life cycle-based building planning still need to be determined. This study highlights prevalent environmental criteria and offers guidance on MCDM approaches for sustainable building parts. Methods This study introduces an innovative approach by integrating life cycle assessment and MCDM. This provides comprehensive decision support for planners. A systematic literature review identifies environmental criteria for building parts and is validated in expert workshops. Thus, the relevance of criteria across the building life cycle is established. Furthermore, the study analyzes MCDM approaches in the built environment. From this, the study employs and evaluates the Analytical Network Process (ANP) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in a case study. Thereby, it offers insights into effective decision-making methodologies for sustainable building practices. Results This research categorizes environmental criteria for building parts and buildings into emissions, energy, resources, and circularity. Among 26 building part-related criteria, the global warming potential is highlighted. While the AHP is widely used in MCDM, a standardized method in planning processes is yet to emerge. Applying the ANP and AHP reveals similar rankings for the best and worst alternatives in a case study focused on selecting the optimal ceiling structure. Ribbed or box slab ceiling constructions are favored over reinforced concrete and composite timber-concrete constructions. Conclusions This study presents a novel method for life cycle-based MCDM challenges, identifying key environmental criteria. While material correlations exist, evaluating building parts demands simultaneous consideration of multiple criteria. Future research aims to compare further MCDM methods regarding their applicability, transparency, and ranking to enhance decision-making in sustainable construction. These investigations are essential for refining decision-making processes in the built environment, ensuring effective and transparent sustainability planning approaches.

Exploring the effects of landscape interventions on outdoor thermal comfort using digital simulation

Abstract The assessment of outdoor thermal comfort plays an important role in design decisions and encourages better planning and development of outdoor environments. This study explores the potential effects of landscape interventions on outdoor thermal comfort, testing two thermal comfort indicators on a selected hospitality development. Results are crucial factors to consider as the success of hospitality developments and its outdoor spaces are dependent on how visitors perceive and interact with them. Digital simulations were conducted using Rhinoceros software and the Grasshopper tool to produce heat maps. For the purpose of the study, two sets of simulations were developed to examine changes in the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and Incident Radiation of the site – a) buildings alone and b) with landscape elements. As a result, UTCI with landscape intervention decreased by 2°C while Incident Radiation is significantly lower throughout spaces provided with shading elements. Results of UTCI simulations still deliver strong heat stress to occupants, while Incident Radiation has considerably improved with landscape interventions. The provision of shading elements helped lessen solar radiation penetrating the site, thus improving the thermal comfort of users. Wind velocity showed minimal effects on perceived heat based on the UTCI assessment scale. Nonetheless, improvement in the planning and orientation of buildings and strategic provision of demountable sun shading elements in future developments are recommended to allow better air circulation.

Design optimization of floor plan for public housing buildings in Hong Kong with consideration of natural ventilation, noise, and daylighting

Indoor environmental quality plays a crucial role in determining the overall quality of life. This study aims to develop a design optimization approach for the floor plan of public housing buildings with modular flat design in Hong Kong, with focus on enhancing natural ventilation, reducing noise levels, and improve daylighting conditions. The evaluation of these environmental factors was conducted using deep neural network models and a mathematically based Calculation of Road Traffic Noise model. A general floor plan representation was developed for three- and four-winged structures of public housing buildings. An optimization approach utilizing Bayesian optimization was applied to three studied cases: Hung Shing House, Hung Hei House, and Cheung Tai House. The optimization process resulted in an average 41.5 % improvement in average natural ventilation rate. The optimized building shapes effectively served as noise barriers, leading to an average reduction of 20 % in average noise levels. The existing window configurations of each unit type under the modular flat design already provided sufficient daylighting, resulting in only a minor improvement from the optimization process.

Building Conversion in Cities: An Empirical Analysis of Ijapo Residential Estate Akure, Nigeria

Purpose: This study assessed city building conversion from the perspective of the Ijapo Residential Estate Akure, Ondo State. The objectives are to identify and examine the factors responsible for residential building conversion, assess the effect of building conversion on the existing planning scheme, and ascertain the level of building plan deviation from the original design. Design/Methodology/Approach: This article annexed primary and secondary data collection sources using Ijapo residential master plans (pre-2002, 2012, and 2022). From these, 717 residential buildings were identified using Auto-cad and SPSS. The 717 buildings were multiplied by 5hpb (household per building), which amounts to 3585 households within the study area. Ten percent of the total buildings were selected randomly for the research. Field data were analysed using descriptive methods. Findings: This is a 47.0% reduction in the identified approved land use for residential, 65.0% increase in commercial usage, a 55.0% increase in recreational use, 40.0% increase in institutional use of the building, 62.0% newly introduced mixed-use, as a result of 58.2% of the residents agreed that the reason for building conversion in Ijapo was for profit-making, while 40.0% of the respondent only adhered to the approved plan. Research Limitation/Implication: This research focused on building conversion in cities with a major concern on Ijapo Residential Estate Akure, Nigeria. Practical Implication: This paper has potential baseline implications for understanding strategic planning and urban/environmental sustainability of Planning Scheme adherence in Nigerian cities and other developing countries. Social Implications: This study will assist development policymakers, developers, and land owners in addressing the diverse effects of building conversion on present and future generations. Originality/Value: This study is based on a creative planning concept for curbing the menace of building conversion, as well as the design and implementation of a master plan by the planning authority.