Plan Environmental Impact Assessment Research Articles

Planning environmental impact assessment law in China: Status quo, implementation problems and legislative reform

As the primary form of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) mandated by law in China, the planning environmental impact assessment (PEIA) serves to anticipate the likely environmental impacts that may arise out of the proposed plans. In this research, systematic reviews of local practice and major reforms of the PEIA system were conducted to have a comprehensive understanding of the implementation of the PEIA system, so as to clarify the direction and focus of PEIA lawmaking. PEIA documents issued by local governments in China since 2010 were collected to find the development and breakthrough of PEIA laws in local practice. Major reforms of the planning system and environmental governance system in recent years were also examined to find the outdated premises of PEIA laws. The results showed that today the PEIA laws face multiple problems in implementation, including the exclusion of policy EIA, outdated screening and scoping requirements, insufficient guarantee for quality of the review procedure, limited public participation and information disclosure, confusing circumstances for initiating follow-up assessment, and invalid legal liability for participants of the EIA process. To solve these problems through legislative reform, this paper suggests amending the Environmental Impact Assessment Law to extend planning EIA to policy EIA, update the screening and scoping requirements, adjust procedures for review of EIA documents, strengthen public participation and supervision, specify procedures for follow-up assessments, and improve legal liability for violating PEIA obligations.

Environmental change and suggestions for improving EIA technology of Industrial Park Planning

This paper analyzes the new development trend of China’s environmental situation, the new characteristics of environmental pollution and environmental risk in the park during the “14th five year plan”. And the new requirements of the environmental changes in the 14th five year plan for the park planning EIA technology. From the aspects of improving the technical system of planning environmental impact assessment, strengthening the circular economy and ecological technology, and studying the applicable prediction model, the paper puts forward the technical countermeasures of the park planning environmental impact assessment. In order to prevent and reduce the cumulative environmental pollution of the park and prevent the environmental risk of layout.

ECONOMIC ECOLOGICAL ZONING FOR THE SITING OF NEW HYDROPOWER PLANTS IN THE AMAZON BIOME, MATO GROSSO STATE

The Brazilian instruments of environmental policy are mainly geared toward specific uses. They are not usually integrated into an analysis of all land uses. Economic Ecological Zoning is an instrument which can consider multiple land uses. However, in Brazil, this instrument is still not appropriately used to assist with the siting of planning projects. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the usefulness of Economic Ecological Zoning for the siting of hydropower plants prior to an Environmental Impact Assessment. The study focuses on Mato Grosso state in the Amazon region. It takes into account the fact that this region is the main target for locating new Brazilian hydropower plants. The case study assessed 24 spatial criteria for the siting of new Amazon hydropower projects. These criteria were analyzed in the Socio-Economic Ecological Zoning - SEEZ - of Mato Grosso state. From the results obtained it is possible to argue that SEEZ can assist in the siting of hydropower plants in the Amazon state of Mato Grosso. This zoning instrument appropriately addresses a broad range of physical, biotic and socio-economic criteria which have been established for this purpose. Nevertheless, it is important to stress that SEEZ has some limitations for this type of planning, given that it does not adequately address the following criteria: biome conservation, urban and rural settlements, demographics and the regional economy, as well as hydrological regimes. Thus, this paper concludes that SEEZ is useful for the siting of new Amazon hydropower plants when used prior to Environmental Impact Assessment. However, this 'usefulness' is limited and SEEZ must be employed carefully, given that it may lead to land use conflicts, affecting the planning process and Environmental Impact Assessment, making them overly complex.

A worst-case scenario based methodology to assess the environmental impact of land use planning

The implementation of inappropriate land use planning has negative impact on environmental quality, threatens food, health and residential security, and can even lead to regional environmental disaster. In this paper, a worst-case scenario based methodology using the land use environmental tolerance index (LETI) was proposed to assess the impact of land use planning on the environment. The land use planning environmental impact assessment (LUPEA) of Lianyungang City was performed as a case study to demonstrate the novel methodology. The inappropriate land use planning of the study area was spatially identified, and adjustments for the land use planning scheme to minimize the adverse impacts were accordingly recommended. Results show that the land use planning layout of the study area is fundamentally rational as most of the planned production and living land parcels are located outside the worst-case scenario areas, but the small fraction of the parcels in the worst-case scenario areas indicates a need for an improved land use planning scheme. This methodology provides a new perspective to evaluate the impact of land use planning on the environment, especially for densely populated countries which still suffer food, health and residential security issues and thus require much attention to environmental safety.

Impact assessment of land use planning driving forces on environment

Land use change may exert a negative impact on environmental quality. A state–impact–state (SIS) model describing a state transform under certain impacts has been integrated into land use planning (LUP) environmental impact assessment (LUPEA). This logical model is intuitive and easy to understand, but the exploration of impact is essential to establish the indicator system and to identify the scope of land use environmental impact when it is applied to a specific region. In this study, we investigated environmental driving forces from land use planning (LUPF), along with the conception, components, scope, and impact of LUPF. This method was illustrated by a case study in Zoucheng, China. Through the results, we concluded that (1) the LUPF on environment are impacts originated from the implementation of LUP on a regional environment, which are characterized by four aspects: magnitude, direction, action point, and its owner; (2) various scopes of LUPF on individual environmental elements based on different standards jointly define the final scope of LUPEA; (3) our case study in Zoucheng demonstrates the practicability of this proposed approach; (4) this method can be embedded into LUPEA with direction, magnitudes, and scopes of the LUPF on individual elements obtained, and the identified indicator system can be directly employed into LUPEA and (5) the assessment helps to identify key indicators and to set up a corresponding strategy to mitigate the negative impact of LUP on the environment, which are two important objectives of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in LUP.

Integration of environmental impact assessment into decision-making process: practice of urban and rural planning in China

Abstract In China, the development of plan environmental impact assessment (PEIA) has been greatly promoted and facilitated by the Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment (the EIA Law). Yet, the defects of PEIA rooted in the institutional design have emerged along with its progress and enhancement. Consequently, PEIA is usually excluded from the planning process and cannot play the essential role in promoting sustainable development, given that, for most of the non-environmental departments, PEIA is generally regarded as an external interference in executive power and eventually rejected. Hence, in order to improve and perfect PEIA in the future, it is strongly recommended that PEIA should be integrated with the decision-making system to fulfill the designed functions. Through urban and rural plan, the purpose of this study is to explore the opportunities and means to integrate PEIA with urban and rural plan at both the institutional and operational levels. The implementing framework for the integration of PEIA with urban and rural plan was first proposed, and ten important decision-making stages of the urban and rural plan process were identified as well as ten corresponding stages of PEIA. Additionally, the PEIA process was integrated with the decision-making process at several crucial stages to demonstrate the full integration of PEIA with urban and rural plan.

基于GIS山西省矿产资源规划环境影响评价

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于GIS的山西省矿产资源规划环境影响评价 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201305161092 作者: 作者单位: 南京大学地理信息科学系,南京大学地理信息科学系,中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中国地质调查局地质调查工作项目（12120113007500）；江苏师范大学博士学位教师科研支撑项目（11XLR01）. A method of environment assessment of mineral resources planning for shanxi provinces base on GIS Author: Affiliation: Department of Geographical Information Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Department of Geographical Information Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing,School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:基于目前我国矿产资源规划编制过程中的环境评价，提出了一种基于GIS（Geographic Information System）技术，实现矿产资源规划环境影响定量评价方法。在对规划区环境现状进行大尺度综合评价的基础上，利用GIS的空间分析功能，有针对性的实现规划区敏感环境保护目标的筛选、环境影响范围的确定和矿产资源开发对环境保护目标影响程度的定量表达。结合山西省矿产资源规划方案，根据山西省各区域资源开发对敏感保护目标的影响特征，在定量计算各区域环境现状综合评价分级的基础上，分别对其生态环境、水环境、地质环境等方面的影响进行评价和预测，结果显示：山西省矿产资源规划空间布局总体合理，不会对敏感环境保护目标造成严重破坏，但部分矿产资源开采区距离保护目标较近，需要在矿产资源规划实施中加以保护。提出的评价方法较好地兼顾矿产资源开发与区域环境保护，可以有效地提高矿产资源规划环境评价结果的准确性和科学性；该方法可以综合地、定量地评价矿产资源规划对不同环境保护目标的影响程度和范围，为矿产资源规划方案的修订提供有价值的参考。 Abstract:With the rapid development of economy in demand for mineral resources, it is becoming more and more important to coordinate the relationship between mineral exploration and environmental protection. To abate the environmental impact on the mineral exploitation, one of the most important means is to assess the environmental impact of mineral resources planning. The ultimate objective of plan environmental impact assessment is to ensure that assessing conclusions and environmental consequences are combined into strategic decision-making process. Planning environmental impact assessment is the only type of strategic environmental assessment that is required to be conducted in plans by Chinese Environmental Impact Assessment Act. Mineral resources planning have just issued in China, and are still on the exploratory stage. Those studies are mainly focused on improving the evaluation system, exploring the evaluation methods and so on. Quantitative analysis of environmental effects and processing of spatial information are the most difficult procedures which have no generalized evaluation approaches at present. The commonly applicable methods falls into several catalogues in previous studies of environmental impact assessment on mineral resources planning. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), multi-objective analysis and expert judgment method are often used to select assessment indicators. Those methods can be applied to identify, forecast, and analyze potential environment impact when mineral resource planning is brought into effect. However, it is difficult to evaluate the impact of the changes of mineral development structure for their deficiencies in processing of the regional spatial information and synthetic analysis of multiple attribute information. The deficient methodologies have become a restriction to the actual impacts evaluation of mineral resources planning.According to the current situation of environment impact assessment for mineral resources planning, this paper proposes the quantitative assessment method for environmental impact of mineral resources planning based on GIS. The present situation of environmental evaluation process in the study area is established firstly, mainly includes: the division of evaluation unit, the establishment of evaluation index and evaluation classification, and the selection of evaluation model. Using the above indicators and models, large scale of quantitative evaluation for the present situation of environment in the study area is presented. Based on the results of the study area mineral resources planning large-scale comprehensive quantitative assessment, the identification and selection of environmental impact factors are introduced, the model and system for environmental assessment is set up in this research. In this paper, taking the environmental assessment of mineral resources planning in Shanxi Province as example, the approach is introduced in detail. Through spatial analysis methods provided by the GIS technology, the environmental impact of mineral resources planning to ecological environment, water environment, geological environment and atmospheric environment are given quantitatively. Based on the results of the environmental assessment of mineral resources planning in Shanxi Province, some valuable suggestions are proposed in this research. The example shows that the GIS are a very efficient and practical method for environmental assessment of mineral resources planning. It cans provide reasonable analysis processes, quantitative and visual results, which makes the environmental assessment more accurate and scientific. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Based on the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method Studying the Land Use Planning Environmental Impact Assessment

Land planning is plans and arrangements to a certain of areas the ahead of future land use, and involving social, economic, resource and environmental and other aspects of the planning area, to social economic development and ecological environment will have a profound impact,Land planning environmental impact assessment is analysis, pre-monitoring and evaluation after the implementation of land use planning producting the potential environmental impact, and on this basis from the environment point of view ,raised the best solution for planning and adjustment proposal, so it carried out environmental impact assessment to guarantee the correctness of decisions is essential as soon as possible.

Application of GIS Based Ecological Vulnerability Evaluation in Environmental Impact Assessment of Master Plan of Coal Mining Area

Coal accounts for more than 70% of total energy consumption in China. Kinds of ecological problems resulting from coal mining have become increasingly serious, which directly threaten regional ecological security and people's normal production and livelihood in some areas. Ecological vulnerability is the overall performance of the ecosystem change under mining development, thus evaluation of ecological vulnerability based on GIS in Fuxin mining master plan environmental impact assessment was presented in this article. According to ecological condition of Fuxin, the ecological vulnerability index was established synthetically reflecting ecological environmental status, ecological sensitivity and landscape spatial structure, including 9 indictors. The study area was divided into 247 grids, then the EVI value of each grid was calculated by comprehensive evaluation and the results were divided into 5 levels by Zonal Statistic analysis of ArcGIS. Combining the distribution of vulnerability classification with the important ecological function area and natural reserves in the scope of planning, the research area was plotted into five types of zone, i.e., appropriate exploitation zone, optimized exploitation zone, moderate exploitation zone, restrictive exploitation zone and forbidden exploitation zone. Several adjustment suggestions were put forward to optimize the layout of Fuxin mining area and guide the ecological protection during coal exploitation.

Experts' perspective on the performance of Chinese technical guidelines for Plan Environmental Impact Assessment

This research was to evaluate the Technical Guideline (HJ/T130-2003) effectiveness based on data resource from a questionnaire survey and interviews on EIA experts. The result demonstrated that the guideline served mainly as a quality control measure for PEIA products, and only a small proportion of experts considered it effective due to its inconsistency with the newly released Chinese PEIA Regulation (2009) and poor practicability. Current status of SEA implementation in China was also studied in terms of application fields, effectiveness evaluation, and major issues to affect SEA, to conclude that SEA implementation in China is premature, and with limited effectiveness. The major problem was the lack of effective methodologies and technical tools. Recommendations for revising the PEIA Guideline and advices to improving SEA implementation in China were accordingly proposed.

Improving the effectiveness of planning EIA (PEIA) in China: Integrating planning and assessment during the preparation of Shenzhen's Master Urban Plan

The enactment and implementation of the 2003 EIA Law in China institutionalised the role of plan environmental impact assessment (PEIA). While the philosophy, methodology and mechanisms of PEIA have gradually permeated through the various levels of government with a positive effect on the process and outcome of urban planning, only a few cities in China have so far carried out PEIA as a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)-type procedure. One such case is the southern city of Shenzhen. During the past three decades, Shenzhen has grown from a small town to a large and booming city as China has successfully and rapidly developed its economy by adopting the “reform and open door” policy. In response to the challenges arising from the generally divergent processes of rapid urbanisation, economic transformation and environment protection, Shenzhen has incrementally adopted the SEA concept in developing the city's Master Urban Plan. As such, this paper reviews the effectiveness of PEIA in three ways:•as a tool and process for achieving more sustainable and strategic planning;•to determine the level of integration of SEA within the planning system; and,•its effectiveness vis-à-vis implementation.The implementation of PEIA within Shenzhen's Master Urban Plan offers important insights into the emergence of innovative practices in undertaking PEIA as well as theoretical contributions to the field, especially in exploring the relationship between PEIA and SEA and highlighting the central role of local governing institutions in SEA development.

EIA application in China’s expressway infrastructure: Clarifying the decision-making hierarchy

China’s EIA Law came into effect in 2003 and formally requires road transport infrastructure development actions to be subject to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). EIAs (including project EIA and plan EIA, or strategic environmental impact assessment, SEA) have been being widely applied in the expressway infrastructure planning field. Among those applications, SEA is applied to provincial level expressway network (PLEI) plans, and project EIA is applied to expressway infrastructure development ‘projects’ under PLEI plans. Three case studies (one expressway project EIA and two PLEI plan SEAs) were examined to understand currently how EIAs are applied to expressway infrastructure development planning. Through the studies, a number of problems that significantly influence the quality of EIA application in the field were identified. The reasons causing those problems are analyzed and possible solutions are suggested aimed at enhancing EIA practice, helping deliver better decision-making and ultimately improving the environmental performance of expressway infrastructure.

Global Environmental Impact Assessment Research Trends (1973-2009)

According to the samples of 1781 literatures about environmental impact assessment (EIA) of SCI and SSCI databases from 1973 to 2009, this paper analyzes the literatures in their trend of growth, subject categories and journals, International collaborations, geographic distribution of publications and scientific research issues by using bibliometrics analysis. The result shows that EIA research steadily increases over the past 40 years and the annual number of papers published in 2009 is 50 times than that in 1973. EIA was involved into 130 kinds of subjects and appeared in 587 journals. The main study area with strong scientific research capabilities distributed in USA and European Union, while the USA was the largest contributor in EIA research and had a central position in collaboration networks. A keyword analysis found that the priority in assessment would gradually change from project environmental impact assessment to Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Plan Environmental Impact Assessment (PEIA); EIA research would focus on using and improving new techniques and methods, such as “life cycle assessment (LCA)”, “geographic information system (GIS)” and “modeling” etc.; “biodiversity” and “climate change” would attract more attention and will be the emphasis of EIA; the improvement of developing countries’ EIA system became popular research. This study reveals patterns in scientific outputs and academic collaborations and serves as an alternative and innovative way of identifying global research trends in EIA.

Environmental Impact Assessment of Land Use Planning in Wuhan City Based on Ecological Suitability Analysis

Chinese Law of Environmental Impact Assessment obligates the environmental impact assessment on land use planning. It will have a direct impact on regional land use patterns, and then affect the regional eco-environmental quality. Currently, the researches on theories and methodologies for environmental impact assessment of land use planning are hotspots in the fields of plan environmental impact assessment. With the support of ENVI 4.2, the remote sensing images of Wuhan City are interpreted, and then landforms, such as rivers, lakes and built-up areas, etc., are extracted. The digital elevation model is built on the 1:250000 topographic maps, then the terrain factors, e.g., slope, elevation, are extracted. With the support of spatial analysis module in ArcGIS 9.2, the comprehensive evaluation for urban industrial land ecological suitability are obtained based on the factor overlay analysis. The proportion of suitable, basically suitable and not suitable for land use is 20%, 28% and 52%, respectively. Finally, the land use planning is evaluated with indicators based on the ecological suitability analysis. The results showed that the layout for industrial land in Wuhan Urban Master Plan (1996-2020) is basically rational, and consistence with the conclusions derived from the ecological suitability analysis. The study attempts to provide reference for the methodology of plan environmental impact assessment.

Construction of Plan Environmental Impact Assessment System in China

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a frontier subject in the field of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), which means the environmental assessment process for strategic actions: policies, plans or programs (PPPs). At present, Plan Environmental Impact Assessment (PEIA), the plan level of SEA, is legally required in China and the government has published a recommended technical guideline for it. This paper introduces the progress of PEIA in China and summarizes three developing phases and introduces their characteristics. According to Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People's Republic of China (EIALPRC), the article describes the current PEIA system in China, mainly focusing on assessor, assessment targets, assessment requirements, assessment contents, assessment methods and working procedure of PEIA etc. Finally, some recommendations are proposed by the authors in order to improve PEIA in China as follows: conforming to the principle of intervening in early stage, achieving synchronous EIA of all plans; implementing classification management on PEIA according to the degree of environmental impacts of plans; and enhancing efficiency of alternative schemes in the process of planning.

Development and practices of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in China

The paper introduces the research and practices of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in China, including the definition of plan environmental impact assessment (PEIA), its political and legal basis, mode for combining SEA into integration of environment and development in decision-making (IEDD). Then, an operational procedure and methods used for SEA in China, and particularly the enforcement framework of SEA, i.e. subject of implementation, object of SEA, elements and scope, analysing the correlation of different implemented subjects and their responsibility, are discussed. Nine practical case studies are exemplified in this paper, and finally some proposals are given.

The application of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to UK mineral planning

The part played by Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in UK planning is slowly increasing as the potential advantages become more widely recognized. The proposed EEC directive will impose a requirement on Member states to undertake EIAs on certain classes of development, mineral developments included. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the aims and objectives of EIA in relation to mineral planning and also to discuss the possible issues that may arise. The paper provides a brief description of EIA, its objectives and advantages, before discussing how EIA might be integrated in mineral planning especially in terms of the distinction between Plan and Project EIAs. An assessment of the role and benefits of public participation is also given. The paper concludes that the introduction of Plan EIAs and Project EIAs is the most appropriate system for mineral planning.