Planning Behavior Research Articles

Unlocking the secrets of stock market investment behaviour: A comparative study among rural and urban investors in an emerging economy

This paper aims to determine how investors’ financial planning and investment intention mediate the relationship between attitude and investment behaviour in the stock market. This research contains two cross-sectional surveys on 386 rural (R) and 392 urban (U) investors through “partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM)”. The outcomes exhibited that social influence significantly influences whereas perceived risk insignificantly influences financial attitude in both studies. Further, financial knowledge significantly influenced the financial attitude in Study U; however, it insignificantly influenced Study R. Further, the results exhibited that there is a substantial association exist between financial attitude, financial planning, investment intention and investment behaviour in both studies. Based on cumulative prospect theory, this unique and timely research contributes in the prior literature by delivering an in-depth understanding of why investors are hesitant to invest in stock market. The current article extends the academic literature with new conceptual insights that researchers have not studied earlier in developing nations.

Loads Mismatch and Network Voltage Behavior for Future Planning of Demand Response with Customer Satisfaction

Loads Mismatch and Network Voltage Behavior for Future Planning of Demand Response with Customer Satisfaction

Development of circular supply chain implementation model for MSMEs using extended theory of planned behaviour and DEMATEL approach

This study emphasizes circular supply chain management (CSCM) implementation model development for Micro, Small, and Medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the context of India by using the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB) and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method of decision making. This study identifies seven factors to develop an extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) with the help of experts and literature surveys. The DEMATEL method is used to analyze the prominence of factors, interrelationships, and causal relationships between the identified ETPB factors based on experts' opinions. The results indicate that there are three cause factors and the rest four are effect factors. ‘Social Pressure’, ‘Circular Incentives’, and ‘Pro-environmental Behavior and Responsibility’ are the significant causes. The Inbound Supply Chain is the prominent factor affected by all the six factors of ETPB. The research findings will be beneficial for academicians, policymakers, and practitioners as they provide insights into CSCM model development and help in recognizing significant measures to implement it.

Empirical Insight into Solvency Constraint and Tax Planning Dynamics in Ghanaian Banking Sector: A Non-Linearity Approach

This paper examines the relationship between tax planning activity dynamics and solvency constraints within the Ghanaian banking sector. This is conceived on the premise that banks are likely to change their tax planning dynamics in the midst of solvency challenges to boost their after-tax capital position to minimize the exposure to the going concern problem. The study employs the quantile regression estimation to draw time-varying constraint scenarios to measure solvency constraint proxies: WW index, HP index, and Z-score. Tax planning activity is also measured through cash effective tax rate. Annual data from 2008 to 2022 are used for the investigation with the unit of analysis expanding to cover all licensed banks which have been in operation within the study span. The study employed a quantile estimation approach to conduct the analysis. It is observed that the nature and trend in tax aggressiveness of the banks under a solvency-constraint scenario is dependent on the measurement of the constraints. Nevertheless, the study found non-linearity in the solvency-constraint and tax planning nexus. The banks do not generally alter their tax planning behaviour at the initial stage of the constrained scenario, however, turn to be relatively aggressive when the solvency constraint amplifies. The government is advised to protect the banks not to fall into any solvency constraint situation since that could change their tax planning activities.

Teachers’ Readiness, Implementation, and Management Support of an Inclusive Classroom

This study investigates the readiness, implementation, and management support of inclusive education among teachers in the Schools Division of Iloilo City for the school year 2023-2024. It aims to assess teachers’ preparedness, the integration of inclusive practices in classrooms, and the systemic support provided to educators. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Concerns-Based Adoption Model, the study examines the relationship between demographic factors (age, sex, educational attainment, length of service, and position) and teachers’ readiness, implementation strategies, and management support. Using a descriptive-correlational research design, the study involved 246 randomly selected teachers. Data were collected through surveys assessing teachers’ confidence, effectiveness, and empowerment in executing inclusive education. Statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution, and percentages were employed to describe the data, while t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson’s r correlation were used to determine significant relationships and differences across variables. The findings reveal high levels of readiness among teachers, particularly in teaching strategies and addressing diverse learner needs. However, challenges persist in curriculum modification and addressing students’ physical needs, indicating areas for further professional development. Management support emerged as a critical factor, with strong correlations between readiness, implementation, and effective management practices. The study recommends targeted professional development, gender-specific training, and continuous monitoring to address identified challenges and enhance the effectiveness of inclusive education. These strategies aim to strengthen teachers’ capacity to foster inclusive learning environments and ensure the sustainability of inclusive education practices. Keywords: inclusive education, teacher readiness, implementation strategies, management support, professional development, Schools Division of Iloilo City, Theory of Planned Behavior, Concerns-Based Adoption Model

Effect of migration on fertility and family planning: The case of Kayseri in Türkiye.

Many factors such as religious beliefs, cultural structure, the perspective of the host country toward refugees, and the course of the migration process can affect the family planning and fertility behaviors of refugees. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of Syrian refugee pregnant women in the Kayseri province of Türkiye regarding fertility characteristics and family planning. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 290 pregnant Syrian refugee women. In the study group, 58.3% of the participants were 18 years of age or younger when first married. In the study group, 39.0% had 4 or more pregnancies and the average number of pregnancies was 3.12 ± 1.60. The rate of refugee pregnant women who stated they were undecided regarding the knowledge, attitude, and behavior items about family planning ranged from 33.8% to 72.4%. Of the participants, 22.1% received family planning education. The mean number of pregnancies of the participating women was high. In addition, the rate of undecided respondents was high for the knowledge, attitude, and behavior items related to family planning. In conclusion, fertility behaviors should be planned by expanding family planning services. In this way, negative outcomes, especially in maternal and child health, can be prevented.

Family planning behavior before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Contraception use and follow-up visit data from before and in two periods during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic were compared to investigate change in behavior. A retrospective study of women aged 18-49 years from New York City during three one-year time periods: pre-COVID-19 pandemic [(COV-PRE); n=4,261], early COVID-19 pandemic when the COVID-19 vaccine was not available [(COV-VACNO); n=3,365], and later COVID-19 pandemic when the COVID-19 vaccine was available [(COV-VACAV); n=4,170]. There were higher odds of implant use [odds ratio (OR): 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 1.93, p=0.02] during COV-VACNO. There were lower odds for any contraception (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.98, p<0.001) or intrauterine device (IUD) (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.86, p<0.001) use during COV-VACAV. No differences occurred for bilateral tubal ligation, pill, patch, injection, medical elective abortion, or surgical elective abortion. There was a greater percentage of follow-up visits for any contraception (p=0.02) and IUD (p=0.02) use during COV-VACNO and COV-VACAV than COV-PRE. When COVID-19 vaccines were unavailable, there were higher odds for use of implants. Once COVID-19 vaccines were available, there were lower odds for any contraception and IUD use. These findings highlight changes in behavior in terms of contraceptive concerns and preferences during a public health crisis that should be planned for by healthcare providers.

Food Security in Nutritional Habits among Married People Using the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior in Peninsular Malaysia

Food Security in Nutritional Habits among Married People Using the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior in Peninsular Malaysia

Paylater as The Millennial Payment: Theory Planned Behavior

This study aims to identify the motivations of Millennials who use Paylater services as a payment method in transactions and then investigates their perceptions and financial control regarding the risk of Paylater through the theory of planned behavior. This research involves individuals from the Millennial generation who have used Paylater services, using a qualitative approach through interviews. Primary data in the form of interviews in this study uses thematic analysis, by collecting and analyzing data, coding data, developing analytical ideas and concepts, and connecting analysis with the theory used. The results revealed that the ease of access, flexibility, and promo incentives of Paylater motivate Millennials to use it. Social pressure from relatives, the environment, and social media influences this motivation, along with their belief in their control over Paylater. However, Millennials also perceive risks such as spontaneous purchases, financial difficulties, and default, which raises doubts about using this service. These findings highlight the importance of considering psychological aspects, financial literacy, and financial behavior in using Paylater responsibly.

The roles of user adaptation and trust in fostering continuance intention toward mobile banking: an extended decomposed theory of plan behavior

Although mobile banking is popular and offers many benefits, research on adaptation and continuance intention to use mobile banking is limited. This study investigates the influence of adaptation, perceived usefulness, subjective normnorms, self-efficacy, and trust on the continuance intention to use mobile banking in Vietnam and the moderating role of trust in the relationship between adaptation and the continuance intention to use mobile banking. The aim is to propose managerial implications for increasing users' continuance intention to use mobile banking in Vietnam. Based on the extended decomposed theory of plan behavior and adaptive structuration theory for individuals, this study validates a proposed research model using convenient sampling (n=523) and a face-to-face survey of mobile banking users in Vietnam. To obtain the primary data for quantitative analysis, this study utilizes a convenience sampling method suitable for researching a new electronic service (mobile banking) and the challenges of obtaining limited data availability in Vietnam. The SmartPLS4 package was utilized for data analysis. The findings reveal that trust, adaptation, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and perceived usefulness significantly impact continuance intention. Trust, in particular, plays a dual role, directly influencing continuance intention and moderating the relationship between adaptation and this intention. Additionally, adaptation is influenced by perceived usefulness, subjective norms, and self-efficacy. The findings of this research not only contribute to the theoretical foundation of mobile banking but also provide valuable insights to help banks and bank managers understand the factors that may drive mobile banking users to continue using the system. Theoretical and managerial implications suggest maintaining strong relationships with mobile banking users in developing countries.

University-related Factors influencing Technological Entrepreneurial Intentions of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Students: A Comparative Study of Private and Public Universities

This study aims to establish university-related factors that influence the formation of technological entrepreneurial intentions (TEIs) among STEM students in Zambia. The article extends the Ajzen Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model by including environmental factors that were tested using a comparative study of public and private students, with quantitative data obtained from a sample of 400 STEM students and analyzed using structural equation Modelling (SEM). This paper contributes to emerging literature on TEIs by incorporating environmental variables into the TPB model to explain the formation of STEM students' TEIs. This study provides insights into the significance of pressure from friends, family and other networks and positive perception of technological entrepreneurial activities on the formation of TEIs in students. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to utilize the extended TPB on STEM Students in Zambia. This research also contributes to the existing literature on technopreneurship by comparing the formation of TEIs of STEM students in private and public universities. The findings suggest that attitudes towards entrepreneurship (ATE), subjective norms (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC) have a direct impact on TEIs for private university students and ATE and PBC for public university students. University support (US) influences TEIs through (SN) for both private and public university students. Additionally, the university environment affects TEIs through three antecedents (ATE, SN and PBC) for private university students, while teaching methods (TM) show no association with TEIs.

Investigating learner characteristics and processes in Productive Failure and Vicarious Failure to design adaptive guidance

BackgroundWe investigate learner characteristics and learning processes in two instructional designs with preparatory activities prior to instruction: Productive Failure (PF) and Vicarious Failure (VF). The aim is to develop a first theoretical understanding of PF and VF learners that can inform directions for the design of adaptive support. MethodsBased on an experimental study with 110 secondary school students in mathematics, we examine the effect of students’ learner characteristics in PF (students generating own solution attempts) and VF (students studying these attempts). We assess the learning processes based on think-aloud data from 15 PF-VF-model-observer-pairs, analyzing frequencies and sequences of cognitive processes, using the HeuristicsMiner algorithm. ResultsMathematical ability was related to PF and VF students' learning, prior knowledge and mathematical self-concept to their learning processes. While both groups showed large overlaps in the frequencies and sequences of learning processes, VF students displayed a more analytical and PF students a more solution-oriented approach to the task. Metacognitive planning and evaluation behavior was relevant for VF students’ learning, depending on prior knowledge and ability. For PF students, it depended on mathematical self-concept. ConclusionsPF and VF students’ learning as well as frequencies and sequences of their learning processes relates to cognitive and affective learner characteristics. Metacognitive planning and evaluation behavior may require adaptive guidance specifically for learners with low mathematical self-concept in PF or prior knowledge and ability in VF.

The Influence of Emotional Competencies on the Entrepreneurship Intentions of University Students in Colombia

The main objective of this article is to analyze the effect of a group of predictors on entrepreneurial intention from the perspective of emotional competencies. To achieve this aim, a sample of 996 students belonging to ten public and seven private universities was selected, with each university having been granted high-quality accreditation by the Colombian Ministry of Education. The theoretical approach was based on Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and the empirical analysis was based on structural equation models. Eight hypotheses were tested, with entrepreneurial intention as the dependent variable and emotional competencies, subjective norms, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial attitude as independent variables. The information was obtained by applying a questionnaire with a Likert scale to students of subjects related to entrepreneurship. From the findings of the study, it is concluded that in the two ecosystems analyzed (public and private), emotional competencies (EC) have neither a direct influence on entrepreneurial intention (EI) nor an indirect one since no significant influence is observed between emotional competencies and entrepreneurial attitude; however, a direct and positive effect was recorded between the self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude constructs on entrepreneurial intention. In addition, it is observed that subjective norms (SN) do not directly affect EI, but they do influence it indirectly, being mediated by entrepreneurial attitude and self-efficacy. The contribution of this study is focused on obtaining a better understanding of the entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Colombia, which will make it possible to foster strategies for the generation of youth employment and public policies to promote various entrepreneurial initiatives. This could be based on government regulations adopted in the last decade, which are still under development, and the broad participation of university students and research groups of higher education institutions. Furthermore, given the dearth of research examining the impact of emotional competencies on the entrepreneurial intentions of young Colombian university students, this study aims to bridge the existing knowledge gap, thereby contributing to the development of a more robust body of literature that can inform the design and implementation of educational strategies and public policies aimed at fostering entrepreneurship within the university ecosystems of this country.

The role of motivation and knowledge in promoting green consumer behavior in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan

This research explores the factors influencing consumers’ intentions and behaviors toward purchasing green products in two culturally and economically distinct countries, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. Drawing on Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the study examines the roles of altruistic and egoistic motivations, alongside environmental knowledge, in shaping green consumer behavior. Altruistic motivation, driven by concern for societal well-being and environmental sustainability, is found to have a stronger impact on green purchase intention and behavior in both countries, particularly in Pakistan. Egoistic motivation, which focuses on personal benefits like health and cost savings, also contributes but with a lesser influence. The research employs a cross-sectional survey design, collecting data from 1000 respondents (500 from each country) using a stratified random sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships between variables and test the moderating effects of environmental knowledge. The results reveal that environmental knowledge significantly moderates the effect of both altruistic and egoistic motivations on green purchase intention, enhancing the likelihood of eco-friendly consumption. These findings underscore the importance of environmental education in promoting sustainable consumer behavior. The originality of this study lies in its comparative analysis of green consumerism in two distinct contexts and its exploration of motivational factors through the TPB framework. Practical implications suggest that policymakers and marketers can develop strategies that appeal to both altruistic and egoistic drivers while enhancing consumer knowledge of environmental issues. The study contributes to the literature by expanding TPB to include the moderating role of environmental knowledge in understanding green consumption behavior across diverse cultures.

Taxes under stress: bank stress tests and corporate tax planning

PurposeThis paper aims to examine how bank stress tests affect bank tax planning.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses US bank stress test bank size thresholds and a regression discontinuity design to investigate the effect of the Dodd-Frank Act and the instituted bank stress tests on bank tax planning. We use different measures of tax planning, including bank-specific measures and measures of tax avoidance, tax aggressiveness, and effective tax planning from recent literature. Our regression discontinuity and difference-in-differences regression analyses include bank and year fixed-effects and lagged bank characteristics to control for potential endogeneity.FindingsThis study finds that stress tests have the unintended consequences of intensifying tax planning and increasing tax avoidance. Stress-test banks increase tax avoidance by accelerating charge-offs, net interest, and non-interest expenses. However, this increase in tax planning is not optimally maximized, leading to lower effective tax planning compared to non-stress-test banks. Banks with a substantial increase in tax avoidance under the Dodd–Frank Act tend to increase their risk, investing in high-risk-weight assets and lending in riskier loan categories. These findings are consistent with tax minimization conditions under added regulatory attention and policy uncertainty.Originality/valueLiterature on bank tax planning is limited. Most tax avoidance literature excludes financial institutions such as bank holding companies mainly due to differences in business practices and regulatory frameworks. This study is the first to investigate tax planning behavior among US banks. The current study thus extends the research field by examining the effect of bank transparency regulations, such as bank stress tests, on bank tax planning activities. Our findings have a direct bank policy implication. They show that stress testing has the unintended consequences of increasing tax planning activities and consequently increasing risk-taking on banks with high tax avoidance, which goes against the goals of stress testing regulations.

An Explanatory Model of Weight Management Behaviors during Pregnancy: a Cross-Sectional Study

PurposeThis study aims to create and validate a model explaining gestational weight gain and management behaviors using Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior, assessing the model's fit with actual data and examining the influences of various factors. MethodsEmploying a correlational research design, data were collected and analyzed from 396 primigravida who were at least 36 weeks and agreed to participate in the study from April 15, 2022 to August 15, 2022 through an online questionnaire. SPSS 26.0 was used to analyze the general characteristics of participants, descriptive statistics of variables, reliability of tools, and correlation of variables. AMOS 28.0 was used to verify hypothesis and to assess the fitness of hypothetical models. ResultsModified model fitness was χ2/df = 3.29, GFI = .93, SRMR = .06, RMSEA = .08, CFI = .92, TLI = .88, PNFI = .62. All of hypothesis were statistically significant. The more positive attitude toward weight management behaviors (β = .52, p < .001), the higher perceived behavioral control (β = .21, p = .011) and subjective norms (β = .31, p = .034) were shown to have a significant effect on weight management behavioral intentions. They explained 77% of the variance in weight management behavioral intention. Weight management intentions (β = .63, p < .001) and perceived behavioral control (β = .52, p = .003) significantly influenced weight management behaviors, explaining 79% of the behavior variance. Enhanced weight management behaviors significantly reduced gestational weight gain accounting for 31% of the variance in gestational weight gain (β = -.56, p < .001). ConclusionsEstablishing a nursing intervention strategy that addresses attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control is crucial, as these factors enhance weight management intentions and behaviors, thereby facilitating appropriate gestational weight gain and reducing pregnancy complications.

Short-term summer trips: Climate hazards & substitution

Climate change and related impacts on tourism and outdoor recreation in Austria are increasingly felt in the number of hot days and variable weather conditions. This paper investigates how these effects likely influence visitor behavior in the future. A survey with an integrated discrete choice experiment was applied combining weather information, travel distances, travel means, attraction type, certification and parking fees (N = 5544). The analysis of the results yielded a four-class model which showed different substitution behaviors during unpleasant weather conditions, making clear that decisions are based on complex trade-offs and lead to significant behavioral changes under climate change conditions. For destination management, these innovative insights into planning behavior and greater understanding of the four segments are crucial for future product development.

Psychological factors and retirement planning behavior among Chinese university faculty members: The mediating effects of retirement planning intention

ABSTRACT Informed retirement planning impacts the wellbeing of individuals and broader society. However, the current related literature contains a limited understanding of the challenges faced by Chinese university faculty members concerning retirement planning. This study developed a model that combines social cognitive theory (SCT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to investigate the effect of attitude toward retirement planning, social group support, perceived financial knowledge, and future time perspective on retirement planning intention, as well as the mediating influence of retirement planning intention. Data collection was conducted from 514 faculty members of public universities in China through an online questionnaire survey. The findings indicated that perceived financial knowledge demonstrated the strongest positive influence on retirement planning intention, followed by future time perspective and social group support, with retirement planning intention as a mediator. This research offers implications for policymakers, retirement benefits consultants, and financial institution practitioners. It suggests that implementing financial education workshops and personalized planning services could promote retirement planning behavior.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA MUKBANG CONTENTS TOWARDS ADOLESCENT FOOD CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR

How individuals eat has an impact on their health and well-being. To maintain their well-being, individuals must control their mindset and social environment. The prevalence of eating broadcasts on YouTube, where content creators consume large amounts of food without revealing nutritional information, continues to be a popular trend that hypothetically affects people's eating habits. The study aims to assess the influence of social media influencers on unhealthy food habits, using Planned Behavior Theory as a framework. This study used a method of survey and collecting quantitative data. This study examined the research site of the University of Lampung. The data analysis was done descriptively. According to the regression formula, Y = 16. 615 + 0677X - Constant term = 16. In summary, with a trust value of 0, 615 indicates a positively oriented regression coefficient X, which represents the magnitude of influence of the X variable on the Y variable. The t-test showed X had a significant impact of 40. 1% on Y 59 remaining. 9% of variation in the Y variable attributed to unexamined factors. The study showed that how much a person's food consumption behavior is affected by watching an eating broadcast depends on their intentions. Consuming the frequency, duration, and attention levels of the broadcast significantly affects and improves unhealthy consumption behavior in adolescents.

Trying to decrease food-wasting behavior with combined theory plan behavior, value belief norm, and norm activation model: A behavioral approach for sustainable development

Trying to decrease food-wasting behavior with combined theory plan behavior, value belief norm, and norm activation model: A behavioral approach for sustainable development