Plain Words Research Articles

IMPLEMENTATION OF PRIVACY PRESERVING AND DYNAMIC SEARCHING MECHANISM WITH BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION IN CLOUD STORAGE

In the recent times, cloud storage tends to be a primary storage means for external data. Cloud defense of the data against attacks is the main challenge. Private or semi-private information growth has rapidly expanded over the information network; privacy safeguards have failed to address the search mechanisms. In the field of information networks, privacy protection is an important factor in carrying out various data mining operations with encrypted data stored in different storage systems. A tolerance and protection against data corruption mechanism should be developed which is difficult to achieve. Furthermore, as there is no adequate audit mechanism, the integrity of the stored data become questionable. In addition to this, the user authentication is another challenge. The current solution provides only a remote audit mechanism. It requires data owners to always remain online so that the auditing process is manually handled, which is sometimes unworkable. In this paper, we propose a new, regenerative, public audit methodology accompanied by third-party audits. The existing data search system provides one solution that can be used to maintain the confidentiality of indexing. Documents are stored on a private server in plain word form, which compromise the protection of privacy. So that this system is improved to make the document more secure and efficient, we first store the documents in encrypted form on server, and use the Key Distribution Center (KDC). To generate keys the KDC uses the user's biometric feature. In order to improve the search experience, we also implement TF-IDF, which provides an efficient evaluation of the results. Lastly, we carry out comprehensive data set experiments to evaluate our proposed system performance. Experimental results demonstrate that in terms of safeguarding the privacy, efficient and safe search for encrypted distributed documents the proposed system is better than existing. The methodology suggested also includes an auditing mechanism by third parties to ensure data integrity.

스토리텔링이 관광지 러브마크, 행동의도에 미치는 영향 : 관광지 러브마크 매개효과를 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of relationship between dark tourism storytelling, love marks from tourism, and intention of action : the mediating effect of tourism love marks. In addition, this study was proposed by the mediating effect of love mark on the relationship between dark tourism storytelling and intention of action. The empirical analysis was analyzed using the SPSS WIN Ver. 22.0 statistical package program after the questinnaire was collected, and the survey was conducted from January 20 to February 10 in 2021, and the survey method used a self-written online survey method targeting tourists who visited the DMZ in the past. A total of 181 questionnaire was collected. Looking at the analysis results, In summary of relationship between the storytelling, lovemarks and behavior intention behind Dark Tourism, ‘interest’ and ‘educational factors’ are likely to have greater impact on the creation of tourist’s lovemarks on the tourist sites, compared to other factors such as ‘comprehension’. It is attributable to the poor delivery of tour guides in sharing the history, or spatial constraints considering that the guide is provided outside. In order the overcome such constraints, the storyteller should pick plain words that are less ambiguous, and increased support should be provided such as competent staffs who are capable of grabbing visitors’ attention at all times and more sophisticated equipments like microphones. The study suggests that ‘reputation’, one of the factors behind lovemarks, having had little impact on ‘intention to revisit’ or ‘intention to recommend’is due to the visitor’s perception of DMZ, associating the place with death. In other words, the place itself has a somewhat negative image, which led to the visitors not recommending it to others. In order to address such difficulties, positive outcomes should be proven by promoting artistic or cultural advantages of historic sites, and holding musicals, plays or exhibitions of tragic history are all case in points. In the end, such endeavors could improve its overall image, providing opportunities to become proficient in history. As a result, interest in Dark Tourism, including visiting DMZ, would begin to grow if they are exposed more frequently in our daily lives, which means more recommendations and revisits would also take place. In addition to that, if the Dark Tourism were combined with a wide range of areas, rather than a single area, public awareness could be further improved.

Atasun Optik ‘Görüşürüz’ Reklam Filminin Edimbilim Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Günümüzde dil olgusuna geleneksel bakıştan daha çok dilbilimsel açıdan bakıldığını söyleyebiliriz. Özelikle sözcelem kuramlarından sonra, gerek dil öğretiminde gerekse dilin kendi yapısıyla ilgili çalışmalarda dilbilimsel bakış açısı daha belirleyici olmuştur. Bu kuramlardan biri olan “edimbilim” dil kullanımını ve algılanmasını farklı açılardan değerlendirmektedir. Ortaya çıktığı ilk zamanlarda felsefi bir hareket olarak görülen edimbilim, zamanla dilbilimin en önemli alanlarından biri olmuştur. Edimbilim, dilin kullanımını tek bir açıdan değil birçok açıdan değerlendirerek yorumlamaya çalışan bir yaklaşımdır. Edimbilimle ilgili günümüzde de birçok çalışma yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmalardaki temel amaç, dili daha iyi anlayabilmektir. Dilin kim tarafından, nerede, ne zaman ve nasıl kullanıldığına eğilen edimbilim, göstergebilim açısından da oldukça önemli bir alandır. Günümüzde insan algısını yönetmenin birçok yolu olmakla birlikte, gelişen teknik imkânlar sayesinde en çok kullanılan yöntemin; iletişim teknolojileri olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Tüketim tercihlerimizden siyasi görüşlerimize, tuttuğumuz takımdan beğendiğimiz sanatçılara kadar uzanan çizgide algı yönetimlerinin belirleyici olduğu, hemen herkes tarafından kabul edilmektedir. İletişim ve teknoloji çağı olarak adlandırılan çağımızda, reklamların özellikle tüketim tercihlerimize yön verdiği su götürmez bir gerçektir. Reklamların içinde kullanılan dilin, düz sözden öte derin yapısıyla, edimleriyle birçok algımıza hitap ettiğini söyleyebiliriz. Edimbilime göre dilin kullanımının üç temel edimi vardır: Düzsöz, edimsöz, etkisöz. Bu makalede, 35 saniyelik “ATASUN OPTİK ‘Görüşürüz’ Reklam Filmi”, görselleri ve sözleriyle birlikte edimbilimin düzsöz edimi, edimsöz edimi ve etkisöz edimi açısından değerlendirilmeye çalışıldı.

Analysis of the Characteristics and Translation Skills of American Slang in the Big Bang Theory

Slang is a carrier of culture and an important part of multiculturalism, which is informal language characterized by plain or colloquial words. Slang used in America has developed its own features which are integrated into all aspects of American people’s daily life. This paper aims to explore the characteristics of American slang and study the translation skills of slang expressions based on the slang in the American TV series The Big Bang Theory.

The Relationship Between the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf Beyond 200 nm and the Delineation of Its Outer Limits

It is clear from the plain words of the Article 76, paragraph 10, of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea that the questions involving the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles are without prejudice to the question of delimitation of the continental shelf between states with opposite or adjacent coasts. However, the two processes impact each other, which gives rise to more complex dynamics than may be perceived from a cursory reading of Article 76. This article explores the relationship between the two separate but inherently related processes in light of the relevant jurisprudence and doctrinal commentaries thereto.

THE LANGUAGE FEATURES OF MALE AND FEMALE BEAUTY INFLUENCERS IN YOUTUBE VIDEOS

Nowadays, the beauty community has a rapid growth of beauty influencers from both genders. The language style that is used on each gender has its own features and characteristics that can be explored from video sharing platform, YouTube. The aim of this study is to find the language features and distinctive characteristics of the male and female beauty influencers and the differences of comments from their audience. The writer applies qualitative research method by using text analysis of the video script. The data shows that male and female beauty influencers have shown differences in their features and characteristic of language. Men beauty influencers tend to be more straightforward and directive. They also use a more plain and simple words. On the other hand, the women beauty influencers are more polite and intimate in using language. This study is hoped to be the foundation for further research in the same topic of language feature in gendered community within limited topic especially in this modern era.

Yahya eṣ-Ṣarṣarî ve Şiirlerindeki Hz. Peygamber İmgesi

Yahya eṣ-Ṣarṣarî ve Şiirlerindeki Hz. Peygamber İmgesi

Wakley Prize Essay 2020: medicine and plain truths in a pandemic year

“Sorrow and Truth, sit you on either side of me, whilst I am relieved of this deadly burden…Lend me art, without any counterfeit shadowing, to paint and delineate to the life the whole story of this mortal and pestiferous battle.”1 When London-based Renaissance author Thomas Dekker came to write his account of the 1603 plague outbreak, he renounced the “silver-tongued muses”, feeling that only plain words and plain truth could do justice to the moment. Four centuries on, the COVID-19 pandemic demands a similar response.

The Impact of Metaphor on G.G. Byron’s Linguopoetic Thinking

The issue touched upon in this article refers to the extraordinary use of innumerable metaphors in one of the greatest works by George Gordon Byron – Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. Among literary devices it is especially metaphor that is peculiar to Byron’s linguopoetic thinking. The linguostylistic and linguopoetic methods of analysis help to bring out metaphor as an important device for Byron. Through metaphors he portrays his heroes, their feelings and thoughts and makes the reader feel his powerful flight of imagination. The author does not convince the reader to make the resulting points, but he makes him/her indirectly judge the heroes and understand situations. Thus, Byron’s metaphors are the result of his linguopoetic thinking. They give a certain charm and musical perception through plain words and word-combinations, and serve as a bridge between physics and poetics across temporal and spatial scale.

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS AND THEIR INDONESIAN SUBTITLES IN THE GOOD DOCTOR TV SERIES

Idiomatic expressions are used to describe things or conditions that cannot be described by plain words. They carry more impacts than non-idiomatic expressions due to their close identification with a particular language and culture. This research investigates idiomatic expressions and their Indonesian subtitles in The Good Doctor TV series. Two research questions are addressed in this study, namely (1) what types of idiomatic expressions are found in The Good Doctor TV series? and (2) how are the idiomatic expressions in the TV series translated into Indonesian? The researchers employed content analysis. The steps of data collection and analysis included taking the transcript and identifying the idiomatic expressions, identifying their meanings and validating them, and comparing the meanings of the two idiomatic expressions. The results revealed that, first, The Good Doctor TV series contained five types of idiomatic expressions, namely substitutes, proper names, English phrasal compound, figure of speech, and slang. Abbreviation was not found in the TV series. Second, there existed six translation strategies to translate idiomatic expressions in English into Indonesian.DOI: doi.org/10.24071/llt.2020.230104

Two Is a Crowd: An Australian Case Study on Legislative Process, Law Reform Commissions and Dealing with Duplicate Offences

Abstract This article utilizes the sexual offence reform in Australian Capital Territory, Tasmania, and Western Australia as a case study to critically examine the perils and causes of duplicate offences. For perils, this article demonstrates that the failure to abolish a lesser offence (i.e. the procurement by false pretence offence) that was rendered redundant by a statutory expansion of the primary offence (i.e. rape vis-à-vis sex obtained by fraud) would create structural incoherency in the legal framework and impede the court from giving full effect to the plain words of the amended provision. For causes, this article identifies the positive but insufficient role of law reform commissions in ensuring appropriate treatment of the lesser duplicate offence by the legislature. The article proposes that law reform commissions should be more forcefully explicit when making recommendations relating to the abolishment of redundant offences.

Active traffic management in urban areas: Is it effective for professional drivers? The case of variable message signs

Active traffic management is the ability to dynamically manage congestion based on prevailing and predicted traffic conditions. Several technologies and algorithms have been employed to develop a set of tools utilised by Traffic Control/Traffic Management Centres with the aim to mitigate disruptions and improve traffic flow in the road networks. One such tool, belonging to the Advanced Traveller Information Systems category is Variable Message Signs. Variable Message Signs are located in major roads and provide real-time traffic information to the drivers so as to modify their behaviour considering the prevailing traffic conditions. To this end, the question arises. Is active traffic management in urban road networks – as currently provided by Variable Message Signs – effective for professional drivers? In plain words, do professional drivers modify their route choice, i.e. divert under the provision of real-time traffic information? A stated preference survey was performed to truck and taxi drivers to identify their response to information provided by Variable Message Signs. Results, in the form of ordered probit models indicated that the provided information is not that relevant to the investigated driver categories, as it is for passenger car drivers.

An Overview of Business Writing: Challenges and Solutions

Abstract Bad writing can affect individuals and companies alike. It can cause confusion and misunderstanding, waste important resources of time and money, erode credibility and trust. On the other hand, clear writing will increase productivity, promote goodwill, and cement relations. This article discusses some of the most common problems encountered in business writing, together with their causes and the solutions proposed in the literature. Using too many words, an abstract vocabulary, and passive constructions will obscure the message and tire the reader. Conversely, the elimination of clutter, the use of plain words and personal pronouns, and the construction of sentences with clear subjects and verbs will convey the message clearly and effectively and will make your writing stand out.

Parallelization of large-scale drug–protein binding experiments

The pharmaceutical industry invests billions of dollars on a yearly basis for new drug research. Part of this research is focused on the repositioning of established drugs to new disease indications and is based on “drug promiscuity”, or in plain words, on the ability of certain drugs to bind multiple proteins. The increased cost of wet-lab experiments makes the in-silico alternatives a promising solution. In order to find similar protein targets for an existing drug, it is necessary to analyse the protein and drug structures and find potential similarities. The latter is a highly demanding in computational resources task. However, algorithmic advances in conjunction with increased computational resources can leverage this task and increase the success rate of drug discovery with significantly smaller cost. The current work proposes several algorithms that implement the protein similarity task in a parallel high-performance computing environment, solve several load imbalance and memory management issues and take maximum advantage of the available resources. The proposed optimizations achieve better memory and CPU balancing and faster execution times. Several parts of the previously linear processing pipeline, which used different software packages, have been re-engineered in order to improve process parallelization. Experimental results, on a high-performance computing environment with up to 1024 cores and 2048GB of memory, demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, which scales well to large amounts of protein pairs.

Consideraciones sobre el valor ortotónico de la partícula modal ἄν del griego antiguo

Este estudio se propone elaborar una caracterización de las partículas pospositivas y los elementos enclíticos del griego antiguo con las herramientas de análisis de la fonología prosódica derivacional. Con tal perspectiva, se compara la aproximación de enclisis generalizada (EG) defendida por Goldstein (2016a) con la de pospositivo generalizado (PG) expuesta, entre otros, por Dover (1960). Ambas aproximaciones entrañan una interpretación del fenómeno de posición segunda, o posición de Wackernagel, y una taxonomía de las expresiones que lo sufren en griego antiguo. El análisis se concentra en el caso de la partícula modal ἄν. Examina los puntos flacos de los argumentos con los que la EG trata de justificar la idea de que ἄν es un enclítico, y muestra que los mismos se desvanecen cuando se admite la taxonomía de la PG. El aporte del estudio radica en que arroja nueva luz sobre las implicaciones de los procesos fonológicos del estrato post-léxico en la especificación del valor prosódico de ἄν, y en que los resultados se obtienen mediante la aplicación de un modelo teórico explícito, que se apoya en los conceptos de derivación y regla ordenada. Como conclusión, el análisis permite diferenciar con claridad las nociones de posposición y enclisis. Más específicamente, permite inferir que el pospositivo ἄν, contra lo que afirma la teoría de enclisis generalizada, pertenece a la clase de los términos ortotónicos, o palabras plenas.

X-Reality System Architecture for Industry 4.0 Processes

Information visualization has been widely adopted to represent and visualize data patterns as it offers users fast access to data facts and can highlight specific points beyond plain figures and words. As data comes from multiple sources, in all types of formats, and in unprecedented volumes, the need intensifies for more powerful and effective data visualization tools. In the manufacturing industry, immersive technology can enhance the way users artificially perceive and interact with data linked to the shop floor. However, showcases of prototypes of such technology have shown limited results. The low level of digitalization, the complexity of the required infrastructure, the lack of knowledge about Augmented Reality (AR), and the calibration processes that are required whenever the shop floor configuration changes hinders the adoption of the technology. In this paper, we investigate the design of middleware that can automate the configuration of X-Reality (XR) systems and create tangible in-site visualizations and interactions with industrial assets. The main contribution of this paper is a middleware architecture that enables communication and interaction across different technologies without manual configuration or calibration. This has the potential to turn shop floors into seamless interaction spaces that empower users with pervasive forms of data sharing, analysis and presentation that are not restricted to a specific hardware configuration. The novelty of our work is due to its autonomous approach for finding and communicating calibrations and data format transformations between devices, which does not require user intervention. Our prototype middleware has been validated with a test case in a controlled digital-physical scenario composed of a robot and industrial equipment.

CoStorm: a term map system to aid in a collaborative ideation process

AbstractThe decisions made during the early stages of a design process have a huge impact on a product. Owing to the explosion of preliminary ideas, however, designers easily lose track of important ideas and significant information and end up being buried in a pile of plain words. Failing to locate an idea in the context of idea generation makes it difficult to generate new ideas or take optimized decisions. In this study, the authors propose the term map approach to provide a complete bird's eye view of all ideas, which is a higher-dimension graphical representation that helps in inspiring ideas and making decisions among design team members. A software application named CoStorm is developed. Through the case study of the cash-flattener module, which is a crucial component of an automated teller machine, this method is found to contribute in facilitating the ideation and decision-making progress.

Writing Horrible Words

At the ‘English Usage (Guides) Symposium’, Cambridge 2014, I was invited to account for my revision of Plain Words (Gowers, 2014), the style guide originally written by my great-grandfather, Sir Ernest Gowers (1880–1966). And because, by the time I gave that talk (see Gowers, 2018), I was already writing my own book on the English language, intended as a sort of adjunct to Plain Words, the arguments aired at that Cambridge gathering were particularly interesting to me. That said, they also left me more daunted than ever by my own project.

Four Poems

Four Poems Vladislav Khodasevich Translated from the Russian by Alex Cigale Arguably "next in line" after the Russian "Big Four" A (Mandelstam, Tsvetaeva, Pasternak, and Akhmatova), the poet and critic Vladislav Khodasevich (1886–1939) has been, by comparison, neglected. The recent Selected Poems, translated by Peter Daniels, while receiving attention in The Guardian, has garnered not a single mention in the American press. As is often the case, I found the strength of these translations, by a British poet, to be their formal elegance, if at times, I think, too regular for the American ear. My purpose, then, is to remedy some imprecision in the translations available of his "prosy sections." I believe that the Russian originals of these blank-verse poems constitute the strongest possible argument for a mastery that undermines Robert Frost's argument against "playing with the net down." To the contrary, just as with a reading of the originals, my experience of translating these was particularly rich in the pleasures of practicing the tools of the poetic craft. I will go so far as to claim for them the title of a towering achievement, and not only for the formal contribution they make to the development of Russian verse (arguable only because to this day free verse retains in Russian an aura of illegitimacy, and Khodasevich himself has had few, if any, self-proclaimed followers). The crowning achievement of every major Russian poet, it seems to me, has been a dramatic identification of one's highly personal fate with that of Russia entire. That is, as a document, the work succeeds in capturing its historical moment in time. [End Page 233] Just so, what we have before us (speaking thematically), is Khodasevich's own testimony to the shattered certainties of the old world, its shell-shocked survivors stumbling about literally and existentially naked in the ruins of their formerly high culture, in the wake of the Russian Revolution (the poems date to 1918–1919). A poet whose only professed influence was Pushkin, Khodasevich here suddenly "abandons form" (though not really), as though poetic words have failed him, and temporarily adopts a looser, spoken line. One must recall that Russian poetry hasn't its own Whitman or Pound, so that the latter's prescriptions are alien to Russian culture and verse ("To use the language of common speech"; "express . . . individuality of a poet . . . better in free verse"; "compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not the metronome.") Khodasevich almost abandons form, but never quite. Always present in these is a tension between prose and verse rhythm, and the lines of "free verse," constantly pulsing between tetramer and hexameter, resolve always into blank verse. What I have found in working to reproduce these effects in English is that the directly spoken plain word and phrase require one to weigh more and not less closely each and every word, for its shadings of texture, connotation, and association. In addition to the usual complement of the tools of the poet's trade—added attention to assonance and consonance (alliteration)—there is also the more delicate sense of a well-shaped and balanced phrase, with its subtle shadings of tone, even permitting one an occasional syntactic inversion that is strictly verboten in contemporary English, to indicate elevation and emphasis, the heightened contrast between direct description and the occasional embellishment of metaphor and symbol, these occasional echoes and repetition of certain notes, to drive home "the theme." It would be intriguing to hypothesize, just one example, whether it was partially Khodasevich's own work as a translator of Polish poetry (Khodasevich's father was Polish and, incidentally, Mandelstam was [End Page 234] Polish-born) that provided him with a model. While much remains to be said to attempt to explain what makes Khodasevich both stand out and not fit in with the main body of Russian poetry, it is his synthesis of the classic and the modern, the intense personalism of his lyrical ego, the directness of his voice and address often verging on simplicity that mark his primary individuality as a poet. The naked vulnerability of such words raises the bar by exposing the relative perfection and imperfection of every...

Tonal and morphophonological effects on the location of perceptual centers (p-centers): Evidence from a Bantu language

Perceptual centers (or ‘p-centers’) correspond to the perceptual moment of occurrence of a syllable or word, and are crucial in the perception of speech rhythm. A metronome alignment task was used to investigate how tone and prenasalization—two elements which affect speech timing and which also interact acoustically—influenced p-center location in Medʉmba, a Grassfields Bantu language. Plain CV words bearing low tones were found to have p-centers which were later (farther from consonant releases and closer to vowel onsets) than those bearing high tones, but the observed effect was not present in prenasalized words. We attribute this difference to the effects of tone depression and slope leveling in prenasalized forms. While prenasalization generally led to earlier p-centers (mirroring effects found for onset clusters in other languages), forms with morphologically-derived prenasal onsets behaved more like plain CV forms, suggesting that nasal prefixes do not contribute to p-center timing. Our findings for derived prenasal sequences parallel similar articulatory findings for languages with simplex onset coordination, where consonant ‘clusters’ actually behave as separate timing units.