Plain Knitted Fabrics Research Articles

Light transmission of weft-knitted fabrics for seamless garments

Knitted seamless sportswear offers ‘body-mapped’ comfort and support, but there is a risk of exposing the human body in public due to the low density and large fabric deformation of the sportswear when wearing it. This paper presents an experimental study on the light transmission behavior of different weft-knitted fabrics for seamless sportswear in different stretching modes to understand the light transmission principle. Three plain knit fabrics for seamless sportswear made from three yarn combinations were compared: a polyamide 6 (PA6) yarn, a combination of spandex and PA6 yarns, and a combination of spandex, PA6, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns. Three modes of stretching were performed on the three fabrics, namely uniaxially, uniaxially with transverse restraint, and biaxially, to simulate wear deformation. The stretched fabrics are analyzed in terms of cover factor, thickness, and light transmission. The results showed that light transmission increases with increasing tensile strain. The presence of restraint further increases the light transmission, and biaxially stretched fabrics have the greatest light transmission. The thinnest PA6 fabric has the lowest cover factor and the highest light transmission, while plating a spandex/PA6 covered yarn on a PA6 yarn shrinks and tightens the fabric, and therefore reduces the light transmission. Adding an additional PET yarn reduces shrinkage and thickness, increasing light transmission. Light passing through the fibers and loop meshes of a fabric accounts for total light transmission. Plating a coarser elastomeric yarn into weft-knitted fabrics for seamless sportswear is an effective way to increase the spaces in yarns and shrink the loop meshes, thereby reducing the light transmission.

Akrilik Örme Kumaşlarda Renk Değişimi ve Desen Değişiminin Performans ve Isıl Özelliklerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Samples that are going to be used in this research are produced in such a way that the threads are 35/2 NM 100% acrylic. The yarns consist of [40% Acrylic (2.75 dtex unrelax), 60% Acrylic (2.2 dtex relax pilling)] mixing ratios and tow dyeing process has been applied to these fibers. In this fibre dyeing process, by creating 2 groups, 2 light colored fibers, 2 medium-colored fibers, 2 dark colored fibers and 2 super dark dyed fibers were produced and a total of 8 dyed yarns were obtained. Rib and plain knit fabrics were produced from the yarns obtained. The effects of temperature and dyeing times on dyeing recipes were investigated by performing thickness, air permeability, alambeta, bursting test and yarn strength tests on sixteen samples obtained.

Comfort properties of knitted fabrics produced from dual-core and tri-core spun yarns

The scope of this study was to investigate the effect of yarn structure and material type on the thermal and mechanical comfort properties of plain knitted fabrics. A new type of elastic core spun yarn which is called tri-core yarn was introduced. The other yarn structures used were single-core/T400, single-core/lycra, dual-core yarn, and ring-spun yarn. The five types of yarn structure were produced with three material types (100% cotton, blended cotton/modal (50/50%), and blended cotton/tencel (50/50%)) at the same yarn count (10 Ne). Knitted fabrics with a single jersey structure were produced from yarn samples. The mechanical comfort properties including fabric modulus and recovery in wale and course directions were measured. Thermal comfort including air permeability, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity, and thermal absorptivity were also measured. Full factorial analysis was performed on the test results. It was concluded from the factorial analysis that yarn structure, material type, and two-way interaction had a significant influence on mechanical and thermal comfort except for thermal conductivity, the significance of the material type was exactly P = 0.05. It was concluded that knitted fabric produced from tri-core in the case of blended cotton/tencel obtained the better modulus and elastic recovery in both directions in wales and courses that largely improved the mechanical comfort.

Thermo-physiological Comfort Performance of Recycled Plain Knitted Fabrics Produced from Acrylic Waste Fiber with the Effects of Incorporated Covered and PBT Elastic Yarns

Thermo-physiological Comfort Performance of Recycled Plain Knitted Fabrics Produced from Acrylic Waste Fiber with the Effects of Incorporated Covered and PBT Elastic Yarns

Comprehensive wear-ability evaluation of hollow coffee carbon polyester/cotton blended knitted fabrics

As a new kind of functional fiber, hollow coffee carbon polyester (HCCP) has the advantages of antibacterial and warmth retention properties. HCCP’s wear-ability performances in knitted textiles were studied by changing the specifications of the raw materials, blending ratios and knitted structures. Plain knit, interlock knit and Ponte knit fabrics were prepared with compact siro-spun HCCP/cotton yarns in five different blended ratios. Eight groups of experiments were conducted to test the performances of the mechanical properties, comfortable capability and antibacterial behavior. Then a comprehensive wear-ability evaluation was made based on the grey clustering analysis method. Results revealed that fabrics with a higher blended ratio of HCCP showed more preferred performance in terms of bursting strength, air permeability, moisture absorption, warmth preservation and antibacterial property, but the anti-pilling performance showed a downward trend. Compared to plain stitch, the interlock knit and Ponte knit fabrics showed a visibly better result.

A Comparative Study on Moisture Management Properties of Cotton/Elastane Plain Knit Fabrics Having Different Elastane Ratio

A Comparative Study on Moisture Management Properties of Cotton/Elastane Plain Knit Fabrics Having Different Elastane Ratio

Analysis of thermal and wet comfort properties of hygroscopic and exothermic knitted fabrics

Clothing thermal and wet comfort relates to the heat and moisture transport properties of clothing as one of the most important factors in determining whether or not a garment is desirable to customers. It is important to develop winter textiles by optimally combined technology of hygroscopic heat generation and moisture management to maintain warm dry skin for the active wearer. In this work, six multilayer hygroscopic and exothermic fabrics made up of different functional yarn compositions were designed and fabricated based on ergonomic principles. Their thermal wet comfort properties were investigated compared with seven plain knitted fabrics. Air permeability, moisture management characteristics, thermal physiological properties, and hygroscopic heat generation performances were used to assess thermal and wet comfort properties. Their correlations with yarn composition were explored. Multilayer knitted fabrics with a designed knitted structure and wettability gradient demonstrated evenly hygroscopic exothermic properties and excellent directional moisture transport performances. This has the potential to reduce the phenomena of high temperature and heat concentration following moisture absorption The fabric made up of profiled polyester and a low proportion of cotton blend as an inner layer and a high proportion of modified polyacrylate and viscose blend as a middle layer was verified to have superior moisture management characteristics and evenly hygroscopic exothermic properties.

Seam elongation behavior of knitted fabrics due to donning-doffing.

Seam elongation behavior of knitted fabrics has been studied along with the effect of various parameters like stitch type, sewing thread, fabric direction and fabric layers on the strain encountered by seams in knitted garments. Seam strain is assessed both in longitudinal and transverse directions under tensile loading. The experimental results show that these parameters affect seam elongation differently when stressed in longitudinal and transverse directions. Occurrence of seam cracking is observed in lockstitch when elongated in longitudinal direction. A phenomenon known as seam grinning is observed in all transverse direction loads. This paper also reports the effect of above parameters on the grinning behavior of seams at different elongation percentage (30% and 40%) of seams. It is found that over-lock stitch gives the maximum amount of seam grin. Fabric stitched in wales direction and fabric layers formed by joining two plain knitted fabrics give higher amount of seam grinning.

РОЗРОБКА ТРИКОТАЖНИХ ПОЛОТЕН ДЛЯ ВИГОТОВЛЕННЯ ФУНЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ НИЖНЬОЇ БІЛИЗНИ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ

Development of functional knitted fabrics to improve the properties of underwear for military serviceen. The work applies methods of analysis and synthesis of scientifi c and technical literature in the fi eld of manufacturing of functional knitted fabrics for underwear. Standardized methods for studying the parameters of the structure, changes in linear dimensions after washing, relaxation characteristics, capillarity, and breathability of textile materials (in particular knitwear) were used. The analysis of the market of innovative types of raw materials used in the production of knitted underwear is carried out. The choice of materials for the manufacture of knitted underwear is provided in accordance with the requirements for the underwear of military personnel. To ensure the function of removing vaporous moisture from the underwear space, to provide antibacterial action and a high degree of deodorization yarn containing "DEO-W" fi bers were used. The innovation of these fi bers consists in the neutralization of all types of human body odor an d preservation of the specifi ed functional properties for up to 10 days of continuous wearing of underwear and the process of 50 washings of fabrics made of them. Within the framework of the Educational Investment and Technological Cluster of Light Industry (which includes KNUTD and LLC "RA.DA"), a plain knitted fabric was produced at PJSC Knitting Factory "ROSA" on the basis of yarn containing "DEO-W"fi bers with the use of a single jersey circular knitting machine (28 Gauge). Scientifi c novelty. The consumer characteristics of the developed samples of knitted underwear have been studied, namely: the change in linear dimensions after washing, deformation characteristics, capillarity and breathability. The infl uence of the elastomeric thread upon physical and mechanical characteristics of the knitwear has been proved. Practical value. The developed knitwear samples are recommended to be used in the process of manufacturing of functional underwear for the military personnel. The use of above-mentioned types of knitted fabrics will help to optimize the microclimate of the body, moisture exchange, rapid drying of the skin during the operation of underwear and, in general, increase the quality level of clothing.

Performance Properties of Plain Knitted Fabrics Made from Open End Recycled Acrylic Yarn with the Effects of Covered and PBT Elastic Yarns

Performance Properties of Plain Knitted Fabrics Made from Open End Recycled Acrylic Yarn with the Effects of Covered and PBT Elastic Yarns

Effect of Lycra Weight Percent and Loop Length on Thermo-physiological Properties of Elastic Single Jersey Knitted Fabric

Abstract The aim of this work is to estimate the effect of loop length and Lycra weight percent (Lwp) on the geometrical and thermo-physiological comfort of elastic plain knitted fabric. Fifty single jersey knitted fabric samples were produced at five levels of Lycra weight percent (Lwp) (4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, and 8%) and loop length (2.7 mm, 2.9 mm, 3.1 mm, 3.3 mm, and 3.4 mm) with full plaited (fp) and half plaited (hp) of bare Lycra. The thermo-physiological comfort properties (thermal conductivity, absorptivity, and water vapor permeability), air permeability, and geometrical properties were measured at standard of each one. The results showed that the elastic single jersey knitted fabric thickness ranged between 3.12 times and 4.2 times of the yarn diameter (d). The fabric thickness increased when loop length is increased and decreased when Lwp is increased. The thermal conductivity, absorptivity, and water vapor resistance (WVR) decreased with Lwp increasing.

Statistical Modeling of Spirality and Thickness Values in Plain Knitted Fabrics

ABSTRACT In this study, knitted fabrics were produced from the yarns obtained by using different yarn production methods (ring, compact, and open-end rotor) with different loop length values. Spirality and thickness values of these fabrics were measured according to the relevant standards. These values were analyzed to estimate before production with the help of the SPSS 22.0 package program and equations have been established. Consequently, according to the equations, it was seen that, there is a highly correlated linear relationship between spirality and yarn count, wale density, and course density. Also, there is a linear relationship between fabric thickness and yarn count, fabric weight, and course density. The reason for using yarns obtained from different yarn production techniques is to increase the validity of the equations.

Geometry of compact plain knitted structures

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop mathematical relationships to calculate the loop length to knit compact plain knitted fabrics and to validate the model using the fabric parameters of commercial fabrics. Design/methodology/approach Ellipse defines the shape of the head of a knitted loop and straight lines define the arms of a knitted loop. The mathematical relationships developed relate the yarn count to the loop length of compact knitted fabrics. The experimental data and the data from previous similar research validate the accuracy of the mathematical model. Findings The model can calculate loop lengths to knit compact plain knitted fabrics in terms of thickness of the yarn and the coefficient defined to express the ratio of minor axis to major axis of the ellipse that defines the shape of the head of the loop. The mathematical model can deliver several loop lengths to produce compact plain knitted fabrics for different values of this coefficient. For commercial fabrics the error of the model was 0.53%. Originality/value The present model defines the head of the loop as an ellipse. The uniqueness of the present model is that several ellipses can exist for any given yarn thickness for a range of values assigned to the minor axis of the ellipse. The accuracy of the model against experimental data ascertains that the model is closer to the reality for commercial fabrics and proves the uniqueness of the model. Further, this model is an ideal and a simple model to introduce knitted loop configurations in teaching knitted fabric geometry.

Modelling the Effect of Resin-Finishing Process Variables on the Dimensional Stability and Bursting Strength of Viscose Plain Knitted Fabric Using a Fuzzy Expert System

The application of cross-linking resin is an effective method for improving and controlling dimensional stability, such as the shrinkage of viscose single jersey knits. However, such treatment often leads to a significant deterioration in the bursting strength of treated fabrics. In this regard, resin treatment using a softening agent can be an additional potential solution for retaining the bursting strength of treated fabrics. Resin treatment is one kind of chemical finishing process that inhibits cellulosic textile fibre swelling during wetting, provides fibre resistance to deformation and prevents shrinkage. The key objective of this study was to model the effect of resin-finishing process variables for predicting the shrinkage control and bursting strength of viscose single jersey knitted fabrics. The MATLAB (Version 8.2.0.701) fuzzy expert system was used to model the optimum resin and softener concentrations, as well as the best curing time for the prediction of maximum shrinkage control with a minimum loss in fabric bursting strength. The optimal process variables were found to be a resin concentration of 75 g/l, a softener concentration of 45 g/l and a curing time of 225 seconds. The fuzzy expert model developed in this study was validated using experimental data. It was found that the model has the ability and accuracy to predict fabric shrinkage and bursting strength effectively in the non-linear field.

Investigation on Stiffness of Finished Stretch Plain Knitted Fabrics Using Fuzzy Decision Trees and Artificial Neural Networks

Stiffness is one of the most important utility properties of textile materials and plays a significant role in well-being due to its influence on physiological comfort [1]. On that point are a great deal of structural properties of textile materials also operating parameters (knitting+finishing) influencing stiffness and there are also statistically significant interactions between the principal factors determining the stiffness of textile materials. As part of our research, we proposed to facilitate the industry adjust the most relevant operating parameters before actual manufacturing to reach the desired stiffness and satisfy consumers. It warrants the application of artificial neural nets (ANNs) to predict the stiffness of finished knitted fabrics and the utilization of the Fuzzy Decision Tree in the selection procedure, to puzzle out the problem of insufficient data and boil down the complexity of predictive models. Moreover, a virtual leave one out approach dealing with overfitting phenomenon and allowing the selection of the optimal neural network architecture was applied.

Sound absorption of weft knitted fabrics: influence of fibers cross-section shape, stitch density and mechanical modification of surface

PurposeOne of the recent applications of fabrics is to use them for sound insulation. Accordingly, due to their low production cost and low relative density, fabrics have drawn attention in some of the industries such as the automotive and aircraft industries. The present study is aimed to investigate the effects of the fiber cross-section, porosity, thickness of samples and fuzzing of the knitted fabric on the sound absorption coefficient.Design/methodology/approachIn the present study, fabrics with three different stitch densities were knitted by yarns consist of three different forms of fiber cross-section shapes (circular, elliptical and plus-shaped). In this work, the sound absorption coefficient of knitted fabrics was investigated with regard to the different fiber cross-sections and structural parameters using an impedance tube.FindingsAs indicated by the obtained results, the cross-section, porosity, thickness and mass per unit area of the fabrics were the determinant factors for the sound absorption coefficient. In addition to, the sound absorption coefficient and porosity were shown to have an inverse relationship.Originality/valueA section of the present paper has been allocated to the investigation of the effect of the fiber cross-section and fuzzing of fabric on the sound absorption of plain knitted fabrics.

Cleaner production of mulberry spun silk yarns via a shortened and gassing-free production route

The green production of textiles via an eco-friendly approach has recently gained considerable interest. As a derivative industry of silk manufacturing, spun silk utilizes waste materials generated in different processes of silk production, which is considered as the re-use of silk waste. The spun silk industry is facing several problems now, including environmental pollution, low production efficiency, increased labor intensity, significant material waste, and excessive energy consumption. This study presents an environment-friendly production route to produce mulberry spun silk yarns, by eliminating the gassing process that burns away surface hairs and neps. The gassing process not only generates odors, dust, and gas discharges but also results in significant material wastage and high production cost. The key is a modified ring spinning technology to achieve low yarn hairiness and neps; thus the yarn produced no longer requires gassing. The number of processing steps is also reduced to nine from twelve compared to the traditional silk spinning system. The modified 60 Nm mulberry spun silk yarns show a comparable tenacity of 26.33 cN/tex, evenness of 9.96%, neps (+200%) of 18 per 1 km, and a slightly worse hairiness S3 value of 74 per 100 m, compared with the conventional gassed ones. The plain knitted fabrics made by the modified yarns also reveal a 1.5 grade higher pilling resistance, similar mechanical and thermal properties, and a slightly hairier surface appearance than the conventional ones. The new processing route greatly reduces carbon footprint and achieves significant savings in materials, manpower, and energy, which may shed new light on the industrial manufacturing of mulberry spun silk yarns.

Moisture management and antimicrobial performance of collagen peptide enriched knitted fabrics

Knitted fabrics made of natural, synthetic and regenerated fibres are presented to the final consumers at different fabric constructions. Reason to select different fibre types, fibre blends, and knitting constructions utilisation is to optimize consumer demands of comfort, functionality, fashion and price. Continuous fibre improving studies are one driving factor behind the fabric and clothing design possibilities. Collagen peptide added fibres are one recent fibre type in the regenerated cellulosic fibre family. Collagen peptide addition to the regenerated cellulosic fibre has been reported to improve fibre properties of moisture management, thermoregulation, anti-static, ultraviolet protection, biodegradable properties which make the fibre preferable material for active wear clothes. This study involves with the influence of new fibre type addition on moisture management, antimicrobial, and air permeability properties of the plated knitted fabric structures. Within this work; one plain knitted fabric is knitted using 100% collagen peptide added regenerated cellulosic yarn and polyamide yarn grounded six different plated knitted fabrics were studied. Moisture management transport (MMT) properties, antimicrobial properties (against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans) and air permeability properties of those knitted samples were evaluated comparatively. Gathered results are statistically evaluated using one-way Anova test; it was determined that there was a significant difference on MMT and air permeability properties of knitted samples at significance level of 0.05. Additionally, presence of collagen peptide added fibre exhibits considerable level of antimicrobial effect against included microorganisms. The results of the experimental work represent an initial phase towards a better understanding of the influence of different fibre blended yarn utilization on plated knitted fabrics which would be appropriate for active wear cloth manufacturing.

Cut resistant characteristic of weft plain-knitted structure for protective clothing

PurposeThe paper aims to study cut resistant property of basic weft plain-knitted fabric for protective clothing.Design/methodology/approachEffects of fiber materials, fabric direction and knitting technology (sinking-depth) were explored, respectively. Cut process of fabric was tracked and the theoretical analysis was provided to evaluate energy transferring of cutting. Fiber-based cut behavior was observed by SEM images. Deformation energy stored in the loop due to yarn bending was regard as initial elastic potential energy of the fabric, which was related to loop structure.FindingsCut resistance of the fiber material was the dominant factor for cut resistance of weft plain-knitted fabric, while unit loop structure played a critical role in improving cut resistance.Social implicationsCut resistance of the fiber material was the dominant factor for cut resistance of weft plain-knitted fabric, while the unit loop structure played a critical role in improving cut resistance.Originality/valueThe paper provides theoretical support of developing flexible protective clothing.

Comparative study on the thermal shrinkage behaviour of polyester yarn and its plain knitted fabrics

Heat-based processes on thermoplastic fibre materials cause the materials to shrink. Knitted fabrics may change their dimensions due to thermal shrinkage of the constituent yarns in the fabric and the change in loop shape. The extent to which the thermal shrinkage of polyester yarn affects the thermal shrinkage of the knitted fabric and the effect of heat on fabric parameters are the focus of this article. The thermal shrinkage behaviour of polyester yarn and the plain knitted fabric made of the same yarns were analysed after subjecting them to dyeing, heat-setting and subsequent heat curing processes. The thermal effects on yarns, the yarns in the fabrics and on the wale and course densities were investigated. Thermal shrinkage in the course direction is highly related to the width-wise extension applied during heat setting and the thermal shrinkage in the wale direction is highly correlated to the shrinkage behaviour of the yarns in hank form.