Place In Rural Areas Research Articles

Empowered but afraid: do Saudi women have the capability to freely decide their university majors?

This study used a capability approach to investigate Saudi women’s empowerment experiences and their capabilities in decision-making regarding choosing their university majors. Further, the study explored what capabilities women required to make decisions regarding their majors at university. Qualitative data were collected through interviews with 26 women, comprising graduates, students, and faculty members. Results revealed that new legislation and regulations in Saudi Arabia have positively influenced sociocultural transformation. However, in small cities and nonurban settings, women may struggle to reject traditional social norms despite their empowerment. The findings indicate that encouraging students’ voluntary work and their membership in groups and organisations, as well as ensuring diverse hiring practices are in place in rural areas and small cities, could support a more general acceptance of women’s empowerment.

EFFECTS OF RURAL-URBAN YOUTHS MIGRATION ON MAJOR CEREAL CROPS PRODUCTION IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA.

The study analyzed the effects of rural-urban youth migration on major cereal crops production in Kwara State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 195 respondents that were proportionately drawn from four (4) zones and of the study area. Data were collected through the use of well-structured questionnaire and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result show that majority (55.4%) the of respondents fell within the age bracket of 18-25 years with mean of 32 years and majority (69.7%) were males and married (50.3%) with a mean household size of 5.3 persons. Most of the respondent (60.0%) had farming as a primary occupation. Majority (57.4%) of the respondent were pushed to migrate by poverty, while, more than half (57.7%) of the respondents were pushed to migrate due to absence of social amenities in rural areas. The results of the Poisson regression revealed that age was negatively significant (P<0.01) and sex, marital status, household size, level of education, farming experience and access to credit were positively significant at (P<0.01) in influencing rural-urban migration. The findings also reveal that, annual income was positive and significant (P<0.01) in influencing youth rural-urban migration. The study concluded that age, sex, marital status, household size, level of education, farming experience, annual income and access to credit were the factors influencing youth rural-urban migration in the study area. The study therefore, recommended adequate physical and social infrastructure such as good roads, electricity, schools and hospitals should be put in place in rural areas by Kwara State government in order to encourage youths to remain in agriculture.

Immigrants’ Experiences of Settling in a Rural Community in Norway: Inclusion and Exclusion Through “Being Seen”

This article sets out from two dominant and contradictive narratives about immigrant integration in rural areas in Norway. The first holds that rural areas are “better at integration” as relations in these communities are more tight‐knit and personal. The other holds that integration in rural areas is more difficult due to the homogeneity and closed‐mindedness of rural communities. Based on ethnographic in‐depth interviews with individuals with different immigration backgrounds living in a rural coastal community, the article explores their perceptions of rural integration and their experiences of inclusion and exclusion in the local community. By using the notion of “being seen” as an analytical lens, the article shows that both narratives of rural integration are engaged and that experiences of inclusion and exclusion are interwoven and complex. On the one hand, “being seen” points to more personalised relations and support; on the other, it points to concerns by immigrants that they are seen by locals as “others.” The lens of visibility and “being seen” allows for a more nuanced understanding of immigrants’ experiences with settling in and finding their place in rural areas, and strengthens the argument for studying rural areas as a particular context for inclusion.

TOPS score (T-temperature, O-Oxygen saturation, P- Perfusion, S- Sugar) on admission in transported neonates to tertiary care hospital

In India, 70% of deliveries take place in rural areas and the transport of the preterm babies to a tertiary care centre are referred only after the birth Babies must be transported to a higher level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to overcome the negative effects of critical illness such as respiratory distress and asphyxia in newborns. Most of the neonates are transported without any pre-transport stabilization or care during transport, which can have serious clinical implications on the ultimate outcome of babies. To assess the clinical condition and presence of complications among neonates transported to NICU. To predict outcome of transported neonates in terms of morbidity and mortality based on TOPS score. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 500 newborns admitted in NICU, at New Civil Hospital, Surat. Out of total, 258(51.3%) and 245(48.7%) patients were respectively males and females in the study. Out of the 503referred neonates 258 (51.3%) were referred for respiratory distress and ventillatory support, 138(27.4%) were referred for LBW / prematurity. The hypothermia was present post transport approximately among 64% neonates. Hypoglycaemia was found in only 18% of transported neonates. 33% of the studies neonates were hypoxic on reaching the referral centre and the remaining maintained spo2 above 90%.The high sensitivity (81%) and high negative predictive value (87.4%) with a specificity of 61.5% and positive predictive value of 59.7% suggest that TOPS score a very strong screening test to predict the outcome of babies admitted.

GOVERNMENT SCHEMES FOR THE SUCCESS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS

Purpose: This research focuses on policies that the Indian government put in place to assist female entrepreneurs and identifies those that are most effective for them. This study's main goal is to evaluate the effectiveness of every initiative put in place in rural areas to support women who want to become entrepreneurs. Based on an assessment of the effectiveness of government programmes for women who have choose to pursue entrepreneurship with government funding, this will be determined. Design/Methodology/Approach: Primary sources are used to gather the information needed for the current investigation. Secondary sources based on an analysis of the literature that has already been published, including information from a variety of exploratory articles, papers, books, journals, and magazines. The information needed for the study was gathered via Google Scholars, Research Gate, and Science Direct. Findings: Government has launched many schemes for promoting women entrepreneurs. The schemes are launched and applied as per the need of the region. There are many governmental agencies who work at different level to make the scheme a successful one by making it reaches to every member. It is also noted that every scheme is launched for a certain duration later which as per need new schemes are framed or existing schemes are reviewed for a fresh start. Evaluation of the government schemes has greater power to improve the effectiveness of the schemes launched. Evaluation perhaps might be the last thing in the agenda but has a greater contribution while thinking about the planning of the future schemes. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Keywords: Women Entrepreneurs, Schemes, Entrepreneurship, Struggle, Success, Government, Effectiveness

Third places in rural America: Prevalence and disparities in use and meaningful use

Third places – the physical places where people meet, gather, and interact outside of home and work – have been linked to civic life and community well-being as well as individual-level benefits across dimensions of health, well-being, and social mobility. However, much of the research on third places in the U.S. focuses on urban areas, severely limiting the generalizability to rural contexts. Moreover, we have little understanding of how third places are used or if there are disparities in meaningful use of third places in rural areas. Therefore, in this paper, we use a nationally representative sample of 1135 rural working-age adults in the U.S. collected in 2022 to descriptively measure use and meaningful use of third places, and use logistic regression models to determine if use and meaningful use varies across socio-demographic characteristics of rural working-age adults. We draw on previous research to propose a definition of meaningful use as spending more than 30 min talking with other people in a third place. In addition, we categorize third places into free versus commercial third places. The results show that the most common third places that are meaningfully used for meeting, gathering, and interacting among rural working-age adults are religious organizations, dine-in restaurants, and parks/lakes. We also find that among working-age adults in rural America, use and meaningful use of third places is negatively associated with socioeconomic status and also varies by age, race and ethnicity, and political ideology. These findings provide the first nationally representative baseline measurement of third place utilization in rural America and provide an initial look at groups that may face barriers and facilitators to use and meaningful use of third places – an important resource for promoting civic life, well-being, and health.

An extended intelligent technique for multiple-attribute decision-making under single-valued neutrosophic sets and applications to sustainable development evaluation of rural ecotourism

With the development of society and the times, the socialist modernization cause in China is constantly developing, and the improvement of the economy has also driven the development of rural ecotourism industry in China. The unique natural terrain and cultural customs in rural areas have promoted the continuous development of local ecotourism industry, which has had a positive impact on the economic development of rural areas and not only solved the employment problem of the majority of the population in rural areas. It can also bring a continuous stream of economic benefits and continuously improve the living standards of local residents. Rural ecotourism refers to a rural tourism activity that takes place in rural areas, supported by the agricultural industry, and attracted by the rural environment and typical rural ecotourism resources, with the concept of ecotourism. Rural ecotourism mainly takes the form of rural scenery, agricultural participation, and folk experience, integrating sightseeing experience, cognition, and tourism activities. The main principles of rural tourism development are agricultural support, people-oriented, ecological protection, community participation, income feedback, and ecological home construction. The sustainable development evaluation of rural ecotourism is a classical multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) issue. In such paper, the generalized weighted Bonferroni mean (GWBM) operator and power average (PA) is constructed for MADM with single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs). Then, the single-valued neutrosophic number power generalized BM (SVNNPGBM) operator is built and then the MADM decision methods are proposed based on the SVNNPGBM operator. Finally, an example for sustainable development evaluation of rural ecotourism and some comparative analysis were given to demonstrate the SVNNPGBM method.

Spatial Analysis of Lymphatic Filariasis Case and Mosquito Resting Place in Rural Area of Brebes Regency, Indonesia

Brebes Regency is an endemic area of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) and has the highest number of LF cases in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Despite it is located in the coastal region, which is already known as one of the risk factors of LF, the LF case is distributed more in rural areas, away from the shoreline. Adult mosquitoes need a particular site, called a resting place, to rest after and before biting for a blood meal. The purpose of this study was to analyze spatially the distribution of LF cases and mosquito resting places in three subdistricts whose highest LF case is in the Brebes Regency. The three subdistricts are rural areas. The observed resting places were cattle pens, unmaintained bushes, and maintained bushes. The data of LF patients were obtained from the Health Office of Brebes Regency, which stood at 14 patients. Spatial mapping of LF case and mosquito resting place distribution was composed. 4 patients were located in the mosquito flight radius from unmaintained bushes, 3 patients were located in the mosquito flight radius from cattle pen, and 7 patients were located in the mosquito flight radius from both unmaintained bushes and cattle pen. It indicated unmaintained bushes, together with cattle pen, are the favorable resting place contributing to LF transmission.

Water Characterization for Designing a WTP at Rural Village

Abstract: Many places in rural areas of Maharashtra are severely affected by water problems due to lack of efficient water supply system. It can be overcome by careful monitoring of water sources and proper treatment of water with efficient water supply systems. So it is planned to set up an efficient water treatment plant suitable for drinking water. For the WTP the site has been selected as Velneshwar, Guhagar, Ratnagiri. Preliminary survey, site survey, survey about current water sources in Velneshwar, waste water management, medical survey and population survey were taken for the information required while designing WTP. Also the various test are conducted to as experimental analysis. It deals with the design of various water features of water treatment plant at Velneshwar, Guhagar, Ratnagiri. Water from the 'Wadadai' well will be directed to the WTP near the site and by building an intake structure into which the water from the well will be drawn i.e. constructing intake, the water is properly treated by other components before being send. For design of WTP required units are intake, sedimentation cum coagulation and flocculation unit, slow sand filter, disinfection unit and elevated storage water tank will be designed.

Problems of informatization of rural schools within the framework of the National Project “Education”

The education system is a significant component of the socio-economic development of any state, since it directly affects the development and formation of human capital. The special role of the school in rural areas is not one of just an educational organization, it is primarily an “anchor” for the preservation of rural settlements, a symbol that the village has prospects and a future. The purpose of the presented study is to assess the state of information and communication technologies (ICT) in rural schools, taking into account the impact of the National Project (NP) “Education”. The main research methods were methods of comparative analysis, data comparison, exponential smoothing. As a result of the conducted research, a forecast was made of the number of students in the general education system in rural areas and school institutions in rural areas at the beginning of the 2024/2025 academic year. The forecast revealed the risk of not achieving the targets of NP “Education” in rural areas, including in the field of ICT. The practical significance of the research results lies in the fact that the obtained forecast results allow us to take a number of necessary measures to prevent possible risks of not achieving the indicators. It is necessary to review the mechanisms for assessing the effectiveness and achievability of the indicators laid down in the NP, increase funding and the pace of creating new school places in rural areas, increase the availability of modern information resources and equipment.

Rural medical education as a solution to rural physician shortages: an exploration of the motivations and engagement of rural physician-educators in Prince Edward Island, Canada.

Medical education is increasingly taking place in rural areas as this is known to help physician recruitment to rural areas. A medical school is planned for Prince Edward Island (PEI) that would use community-based learning as a core principle, yet little is known about the specific factors that influence our rural physicians' participation and engagement in medical education. Our objective is to describe these factors. Using mixed-methods, we conducted a survey of all physician-teachers on PEI and conducted semi-structured interviews with self-selected survey respondents. We gathered quantitative and qualitative data, and conducted an analysis of themes. The study is ongoing and will be completed before March 2022. Early survey results suggest that faculty teach because they enjoy it, and due to a sense of \"paying it forward\" and \"duty\". They face major workload challenges but are very interested in improving their teaching skills. They see themselves as clinician-teachers but not as scholars. Locating medical education in rural communities is known to alleviate physician shortages in those areas. Our early findings suggest novel factors such as identity, and traditional factors such as workload and resources, influence teaching engagement for rural physicians. Our findings also suggest that rural physicians' interest in improving their teaching is not being met by current methods. Our research contributes to the study of factors influencing rural physicians' motivation and engagement in teaching. Further research is required to understand how these findings compare with urban settings, and the implications of these differences for supporting rural medical education.

Where do we meet? Exploring how facilities and meeting places in rural areas contribute to quality of life

As a result of structural and demographic changes in rural areas, fewer facilities and meeting places exist in Denmark. In this article, we assess which role facilities and meeting places in rural areas might have for the self-assessed Quality of Life (QoL) of the individuals living in the rural areas. Based on 27 semi-structured qualitative interviews with persons from three different rural areas in Denmark, we show how facilities and meeting places in rural areas play a role in relation to self-assessed QoL via two different types of mechanism: 1) through providing a framework for activities and 2) through the symbolic role facilities and meeting places might have to indicate that one is part of a thriving village. We argue that it is important to acknowledge both mechanisms when assessing the role of facilities and meeting places for QoL in rural areas. The findings in this study focus on the users of the local facilities. Further qualitative research could explore which role the presence of facilities and meeting places might play for the inhabitants who do not use the local facilities and meeting places to the same extent as the interview persons in this study.

Factors associated with the choice of delivery place: A cross-sectional study in rural areas of Indonesia.

Developing countries, including Indonesia, commonly face maternal mortality as a public health concern, which needs special attention. Using maternal delivery services in health facilities may reduce maternal mortality. However, little is known about the general use of delivery services in health facilities in rural areas, Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze determinants in choosing delivery places in rural areas of Indonesia. A cross-sectional quantitative design with secondary data from the 2014 Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) was used in this study. There were 2,389 mothers aged 15-49 years in rural areas were included. Data were analyzed using a logistic regression test. It was found that 67% of mothers gave birth in health facilities. Tertiary and secondary education levels, residence in Java and Bali regions, economic status, insurance ownership, and job status were significantly related to the choice of delivery place in health facilities. Tertiary education was the most dominant factor correlated with the use of delivery services in health facilities (p < 0.001; PR = 4.55; 95% CI = 3.751-5.542). Education is the key factor associated with the choice of delivery place. Therefore, it is suggested that the government and healthcare workers, especially nurses and midwives, improve mothers' education and provide strategies to increase knowledge in choosing delivery services to enhance their health outcomes.

Developing ecofriendly sambrani and mosquito repellent using elephant dung

India is one of the largest Sambrani-producing countries. Sambrani, a globally traded product, is burnt for fragrance. According to Bordoloi & Sharma (2007) [5] approximately, a revenue of Rupees 7.1 billion comes from the total domestic sales of Sambrani. In India significantly, about two-thirds of the domestic usage of sambrani takes place in rural areas (61.23%). Elephant dung is rich in fiber content which makes it as a suitable raw material for manufacturing mosquito repellant and sambrani. Mosquitoes are the most vital carrier of viral diseases in the urban, suburban and rural environments. They are the primary carriers of dengue, malaria, and several other diseases that may even lead to pandemic. Hence, a eco-friendly sambrani and mosquito Repellent Formulation was designed using elephant dung. The burning ability such as initial burning, final burning, flammability, time interval and ash content were recorded for sambrani. Natural ingredients like Tulsi, Neem leaves, Lemon grass oil and Natural gum were used in combination with the elephant dung to reinforce the potency of the mosquito repellent. Smoke toxicity of organic mosquito repellent was evaluated. Emission test for commercial and formulated repellent was also carried out and compared, and it is evident that there is 57% reduction in the carbon-di-oxide emission from formulated repellent than commercial repellent and there are no traces of emission of carbon monoxide from the repellent. This formulation is safe, eco-friendly, cheap, easy to use, and has maximum repellence against mosquitoes. Production of these natural repellents with elephant dung may help to increase the livelihood security of rural poor/tribal people in Tamil Nadu.

Traditional Villages and Smart cities: Planning Rural Greece’s Revival through Potential Erasmus+ Training Courses

This paper discusses the potential of Greece to accommodate more training courses that could be funded by Erasmus+. Its limitation is that it suggests potential training courses mostly on the topics of preserving local culture and developing smart city technologies. Scarcity in Erasmus+ training courses and hosting cities highlights the need for a more creative approach to the subject. Traditional villages and smart-cities are located in the center of the creation of new training courses. This, in turn, would create job opportunities and help transmit knowledge from the hosts of the courses to the incoming trainees and vice-versa. A variety of training courses is proposed to take place in rural areas and attract specific categories of trainees.

A Produce Prescription Program in Eastern North Carolina Results in Increased Voucher Redemption Rates and Increased Fruit and Vegetable Intake among Participants.

Few produce prescription programs have taken place in rural areas, in the context of existing public health programs. Thus, the purpose of this mixed-methods study was to examine voucher redemption rates, change in fruit and vegetable intake, and suggestions for improvement among participants enrolled in a produce prescription program occurring in existing public health programs throughout rural eastern North Carolina. We examined voucher redemption rates and conducted pre- (n = 125) and post-intervention surveys assessing fruit and vegetable intake. t-tests were used to examine changes in intake pre- versus post-intervention among 50 participants. Participants (n = 32) also completed a semi-structured, telephone interview. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed to determine potential improvements. The overall voucher redemption rate was 52%. There was a 0.29 (standard deviation = 0.91, p = 0.031) cup increase in self-reported fruit intake comparing post- to pre-intervention data. Qualitative analyses indicated that participants enjoyed the financial benefits of the program and wanted it to continue. The produce prescription program was successful in increasing self-reported fruit intake among participants. More research is needed to determine if changes in intake persist when measured objectively, and on best methods for the program’s financial sustainability.

Clinico-epidemiological study of burn patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Solapur, Western Maharashtra

Background: Burn injuries constitute a major public health problem and account for a significant cause of high mortality and morbidity amongst the Indian population. This results in heavy social, economic and clinical burden to the nation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the demographic and clinical profile of burns patients admitted in a tertiary care center and to study the socio-demographic and clinical profile of burn patients and to assess the outcome of burn patients.Methods: Hospital based descriptive study with cross sectional design was done using the records of all burn patients admitted in burn ward of surgery department during 1st January 2019 to December 31st 2019.Results: Burn injuries were most common in the age group of 41-60 years. The male to female ratio was 0.65: 1. Most of the burn incident took place in rural area (73%) and rest (27%) in urban area. Most of the mode of burn injury (88.7%) were accidental burns, 8.2% had alleged history of suicide and in rest 3.1% homicide was suspected. Mortality ratio was 33.30% and 66.70% of patients got discharged from the hospital. A higher TBSA involvement is statistically associated with an increased risk of mortality (p&lt;0.05).Conclusions: The prevention strategies for burns should address the hazards of specific burn injuries, awareness education for vulnerable population and targeted first aid training. The burn units should be established well to reduce the mortality.

Kierunki rozwoju obszarów wiejskich w Ukrainie i w Polsce

The aim of the article is to analyze in comparative perspective the peculiarities of functioning of rural areas in Ukraine and Poland. The study posed the following research questions: about the features of rural areas in Poland and Ukraine, about the changes that took place in rural areas in both countries, and to what extent the process of transformation of rural areas in Poland can be an example for Ukraine. The work is based on an analysis of statistical data from 2011–2020, a review of the scientific literature and strategic documents. The following research methods were used in the research: comparative analysis, monographic method, case study (characteristics of development directions in the Lublin and Tarnopol regions), and abstract logical method. The authors studied different approaches to understanding of the concept of rural area, taking into account their status, tendencies and the main problematic aspects of their development. There have been analyses of the factors that influenced the current state of development of agriculture in rural areas in both countries: the administrative-territorial reforms and of the impact of decentralization processes on the functioning of rural areas. The article also defines the main problems in rural areas, including demographic issues. The population employment index in urban and rural areas in Ukraine and Poland was analyzed. The necessary conditions for the further development of rural areas were determined. The example of Poland shows the great importance of carrying out today’s administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine at the lowest level of the country’s territorial division – the local one, and a thorough strengthening of the role and economic potential of local self-government in the rural areas.

Odour Emissions from Livestock Buildings

Due to the intensification and concentration of agriculture and the interpenetration of residential and agricultural areas, odours are an important air pollutant. The changes taking place in rural areas mean that not all inhabitants of these areas are involved in agricultural activities, and there are new people looking for an idyllic life in the countryside. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of complaints concerning odour emissions from agricultural sources. The aim of the study was to compare odour emissions from selected livestock buildings for various animal species in the Great Poland Voivodeship. The assessment of odour concentrations was made in accordance with EN 13725: 2003 using the TO 8 olfactometer in the accredited olfactometric laboratory of the Institute of Technology and Life Sciences National Research Institute in Poznań. The fattening house showed the highest odour burden for the surroundings (mean odour concentration and odour emission factor: 450 ouE·m3 and 0.419 ouE·s−1·kg−1, respectively). In the case of buildings for poultry and dairy cows, the differences in the emission factors were not large. The emission factor for poultry (0.232 ouE·s−1·kg−1) was 22% higher than that for dairy cows (0.190 ouE·s−1·kg−1). Conversely, the mean concentration in the hen house (281 ouE·m3) was 18% lower than that in the dairy cow barn (342 ouE·m3).

Пространственная дифференциация уровня и качества жизни сельского населения (на примере Волгоградской области)

The article is devoted to the study of socio-economic categories “standard of living” and “quality of life” of the population, various indicator systems used for their assessment are considered. Based on official statistics, the article conducted an intermunicipal study of the level and quality of life of the rural population of the Volgograd region. Private, consolidated and integral indicators are analyzed, a methodological approach to the assessment of spatial differentiation is proposed, which allows to determine the extent of differences and identify the factors that determine them, to identify groups of territories with similar development parameters and to form the basis for choosing regulatory influences of public authorities on socio-economic processes taking place in rural areas.