Place Of Installation Research Articles

Влияние конструктивных характеристик манипулятора харвестера на оптимальные размеры рабочей зоны

The efficiency of using logging machines on a steep slope depends on many factors, including the working area of the manipulator, which can be implemented in various technological modes of operation. The geometric parameters of the implemented working area are determined by the working position of the machine in the appropriate technological mode, that is, the place of installation of the machine relative to the tree or group of trees to be harvested. Optimization of the manipulator’s working area, formed during the operation of a logging machine, is one of the most effective ways to increase its productivity. In this article, based on a previously developed mathematical model for optimizing the structural dimensions of the links of a four-link articulated hydraulic manipulator designed for spatial manipulation of the harvester head when cutting and stacking trees for further transportation to the loading area, an analysis of the influence of the main geometric and power characteristics of the harvester on the optimal size of the working area is performed.

Моделювання системи стабілізації обладнання мобільного робота в умовах руху по місцевості з нахилом та нерівностями

The article is devoted to the development of a system of stabilization and guidance of equipment, which is installed on land-based small-scale mobile robots of the wheel type. During the operation of such objects, problems arise due to modes of movement, over-coming obstacles, movement on terrain with different types and profiles of the terrain. During such a movement, there are disturbances in the place of installation of the equip-ment, which leads to its deviation from the horizon plane. A stabilization system is used to ensure accuracy requirements in a wide range of movement speeds and operating condi-tions of mobile robots. In the article, the simulation of the stabilization system under the action of external disturbances caused by the influence of the movement of the mobile robot through terrain with a complex profile in combination with the inclination of the different steepness of the movement surface was carried out. A stabilization system simulation scheme with a basic structure and with an additionally introduced proportional-integrating controller was developed, realizations of various types of disturbances were generated by a combination of different inclination angles and different road profile classes. As a result of the simula-tion, the time realizations of the system’s response to the generated disturbances, which are the dependences of the stabilization error, were obtained, the root mean square devia-tions and the maximum value of the angle of deviation of the place of installation of the equipment from the horizon plane were determined. The results of the study showed that the system with an additionally introduced pro-portional-integrating regulator provides acceptable stabilization error values under the con-ditions of action of all considered types of disturbances. The obtained results will be used for the development of an adaptive digital system of stabilization of equipment installed on small-sized mobile robots of the wheel type.

Mathematical Model of Parabolic Trough Collector with Fresnel Lens as Second Collector

Parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) have came out as a promising technology for harnessing solar energy for various applications including electricity generation and thermal heating. However, improving their thermal performance remains a critical challenge to maximize energy conversion efficiency. This paper presents a mathematical model for enhancing the thermal performance of PTCs by using a curved Fresnel lens as a second collector over the top side of the receiver. This enhancing has taken advantage of the space above the top side of receiver and increased the thermal efficiency of PTCs. The unsteady heat transfer equations with one dimension are used to simulate the effect of Fresnel lens on the receiver components beside the heat transfer fluid and compared with that without Fresnel lens. The results of this model are based on parameters of LS-2 model and environment of installation place whereas the water was chosen as heat transfer fluid with physical properties depending on Temperature. Al-Baydha city in Yemen is chosen as an installation place taking in consideration the variation of environment temperature in each month of the year and the inlet temperature of water and receiver‘s components are taken as the minimum temperature of the air. Keywords: Mathematical Model; Parabolic Trough Collector; Fresnel Lens ; Solar

Selection of appropriate location of turbines using score function in transversals of an intuitionistic fuzzy soft hypergraphs

The concept of intuitionistic fuzzy soft set is applied to generalize the theory of transversals in hypergraphs. The notion of transversals of an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Hypergraphs (IFSHGs) and locally minimal transversals of IFSHGs are pioneered with some of its specifications. It is also proved that H ˜ is (μ, ν)-tempered IFSHGs if H ˜ is support simple, elementary and simply ordered. Then, an algorithm is developed and proposed to find the minimal transversals of IFSHGs. An application is also identified in selecting appropriate location for the installation of wind turbines. Finally the proposed algorithm works in finding the suitable place for wind turbine installation. As a result the proposed algorithm is helpful in making decisions.

A Novel Approach to Dynamic Line Rating Calculation

In order to adjust the electric power network to today’s trends—such as the charging of electric vehicles, design of the Internal Electricity Market (IEM), headway of renewable energy sources, etc.—the demand for flexible network solutions is increasingly significant. Dynamic line rating (DLR) technology offers a flexible solution for the uprating of overhead lines. Moreover, the DLR methodology can be used in a wider system approach in order to establish a line management system, including functions such as ice prevention subsystems or the real-time tracking of clearances. Therefore, the extension possibilities and operational features of DLR-based systems have been extensively researched in the last few years, which is also confirmed by the high number of pilot projects funded for research and development on the topic of DLR. The key question during the implementation of a DLR system is the obtainable operational safety of such a system. This mainly depends on the installation places of the field equipment and the accuracy of the line rating calculation models. The aim of this article is the comparison of the so far available international line rating calculation models and also to propose another way for the determination of the real-time line rating. Moreover, laboratory measurements and case studies are presented for the confirmation of the proposed model’s reliability.

Implementation of high step-up power converter for fuel cell application with hybrid MPPT controller

As of now, there are multiple types of renewable energy sources available in nature which are hydro, wind, tidal, and solar. Among all of that the solar energy source is used in many applications because of its features are low maitainence cost, less human power for handling, a clean source, more availability in nature, and reduced carbon emissions. However, the disadvantages of solar networks are continuously depending on the weather conditions, high complexity of the solar energy storage, and lots of installation place is required. So, in this work, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Stack (PEMFS) is utilized for supplying the power to the local consumers. The merits of this fuel stack are high power density, ability to work at very less temperature values, efficient heat maintenance, and water management. Also, this fuel stack gives a quick startup response. The only demerit of PEMFS is excessive current production, plus very less output voltage. To optimize the current supply of the fuel stack, a Wide Input Operation Single Switch Boost Converter (WIOSSBC) circuit is placed across the fuel stack output to improve the load voltage profile. The advantages of the WIOSSBC are less current ripples, uniform voltage supply, plus good voltage conversion ratio. Another issue of the fuel stack is nonlinear power production. To linearize the issue of fuel stack, the Grey Wolf Algorithm Dependent Fuzzy Logic Methodology (GWADFLM) is introduced in this article for maintaining the operating point of the fuel cell near to Maximum Power Point (MPP) place. The entire system is investigated by utilizing the MATLAB software.

Исследование стойкости лекарственного покрытия на медицинских стентах

One of the effective methods of treatment of cardiovascular diseases is a minimally invasive method of surgical intervention called stenting. The structure of the stent in the form of a cylindrical metal mesh makes it possible to deliver the implant to the place of installation in a compressed state and, on site, to expand it to the size required by the vessel. To reduce the risk of restenosis, drug-coated stents are used in drug therapy. Despite this, to date, it has not been possible to completely prevent the development of restenosis. In this regard, the works on the development of drug coating composition and methods of their application on the metal surfaces of the medical stent are relevant. Studies on the development of a drug coating based on polyvinylpyrrolidone with the addition of acetylsalicylic acid have been carried out. This coating was applied to the surface of the medical stent analog by electrochemical deposition. The obtained drug coating was evaluated. Corrosion tests of the investigated samples with the applied coating were carried out by polarization resistance method. The dependence of corrosion resistance of the material on the concentration of acetylsalicylic acid in the composition of the drug coating was revealed.

The results of the influence of prepared diesel on the fuel and economic indicators of internal combustion engines

The article analyzes the existing methods and devices for reducing the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine. The design of an additional device installed in the standard internal combustion engine power system, the cavitation principle of operation, is proposed. Comparative results of experimental tests of this device on a bench installation with a diesel internal combustion engine for fuel-economic and environmental properties of the internal combustion engine, as well as changes in the physicochemical properties of diesel fuel of various brands after its treatment by the device are presented. The most effective parameters of the cavitation device for processing diesel fuel and its place of installation in the standard internal combustion engine power system are determined. Keywords: fuel preparation device, cavitation device, reduction of fuel consumption, ways to reduce fuel consumption, fueleconomic properties of internal combustion engines, environmental properties of diesel internal combustion engines, properties of diesel fuel,

Configuration Optimization for Sustainable Temporary Houses Employing BIM Procedure

Building information modeling (BIM) is a process for managing the construction information model. The possibility of managing very complex construction orders using information processes has made the work of designers both easier and more productive. In this research, a new process of “assisted design” was implemented for self-assembling temporary houses with high environmental sustainability. The developed procedure allows for the supporting of a nonexpert user in the configuration of housing modules, using the base elements, and assisting them until the energy verification process based on the place of installation. Furthermore, a lifecycle assessment of emissions is made available. This is the result of the interoperability of software enabled by using BIM logic. The proposed work contributes to enriching the range of technical solutions developed to meet the demand for temporary buildings, providing a valid support tool in the design phase, especially when it needs to be completed within a short timeframe. This study introduces a smart configuration procedure that combines aspects of project automation and flexibility with energy efficiency and environmental sustainability needs required for the green transition of building stock.

Analysis of thermal solutions in challenging spots of masonry constructions

AbstractAutoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a construction material with very good thermal properties. In many countries, the majority of masonry structures are developed using a single wall from low‐density AAC. In some countries, like Poland, the most popular solution is an AAC construction wall with covering insulation material. In the house construction process, several challenging spots can be observed where thermal bridges can develop. One of them will be the place of installation of external window roller blinds on a reinforced concrete lintel or an aerated concrete lintel. In fact, there are several solutions to this problem, but there is no clear answer in the literature about which of those will be optimal in terms of reducing the loss of thermal energy, the cost of which is growing year by year. The research program includes tests of the thermal conductivity of a wall unit built of AAC of various density classes, with the most popular thermal insulation materials available on the market, such as: EPS polystyrene, XPS polystyrene, or aluminum mats.

Feasibility of a small on grid PV System in Albania

The efficiency of the PV systems connected to the network depends not only on the efficiencyof the PV module and the natural potential of solar radiation at the place of installation but also on severalother factors related to the installation, temperature of the modules, nature and quality of the national orregional electrical network, inverter sizing, load, etc. The system in this study is installed on the roof ofthe Institute of Geosciences, Energy, Water, and Environment building. The system comprises two groupsof 12 polycrystalline silicon panels connected in parallel. The designed power of the PV system is 4.56kW. The PV panels are oriented towards the south, with an azimuth angle of 0° and an inclination to thehorizon of 41°. The system is monitored for one year, from 2012 to 2013. Even though the PV systemstudied is of small size for the PV systems connected to the network, the results obtained and theirinterpretations enable us to determine an appropriate methodology for assessing the feasibility anddesigning of any similar PV system connected to the network. The used parameters during the evaluation,wherever possible, are defined in this study. In conclusion, considering all the calculated losses, the PVsystem's evaluated losses are 24.2%.

Intrinsic Shape Analysis in Archaeology: A Case Study on Ancient Sundials

The fact that the physical shapes of man-made objects are subject to overlapping influences—such as technological, economic, geographic, and stylistic progressions—holds great information potential. On the other hand, it is also a major analytical challenge to uncover these overlapping trends and to disentagle them in an unbiased way. This article explores a novel mathematical approach to extract archaeological insights from ensembles of similar artifact shapes. We show that by considering all shape information in a find collection , it is possible to identify shape patterns that would be difficult to discern by considering the artifacts individually or by classifying shapes into predefined archaeological types and analyzing the associated distinguishing characteristics. Recently, a series of high-resolution digital representations of artifacts have become available. Such datasets enable the application of extremely sensitive and flexible methods of shape analysis. We explore this potential on a set of 3D models of ancient Greek and Roman sundials, with the aim of providing alternatives to the traditional archaeological method of “trend extraction by ordination” (typology). In the proposed approach, each 3D shape is represented as a point in a shape space —a high-dimensional, curved, non-Euclidean space. Proper consideration of its mathematical properties reduces bias in data analysis and thus improves analytical power. By performing regression in shape space, we find that for Roman sundials, the bend of the shadow-receiving surface of the sundials changes with the latitude of the location. This suggests that, apart from the inscribed hour lines, also a sundial’s shape was adjusted to the place of installation. As an example of more advanced inference, we use the identified trend to infer the latitude at which a sundial, whose location of installation is unknown, was placed. We also derive a novel method for differentiated morphological trend assertion, building upon and extending the theory of geometric statistics and shape analysis. Specifically, we present a regression-based method for statistical normalization of shapes that serves as a means of disentangling parameter-dependent effects (trends) and unexplained variability . In addition, we show that this approach is robust to noise in the digital reconstructions of the artifact shapes.

The Spotlight Based on the Solid-State Laser Light Source

The spotlight development on the solid-state laser light source is considered in this scientific article. The light sources characteristics are as close as possible to the characteristics and parameters of modern LED light sources. The main aim is to reach the luminous flux value of 3000 lm. That is analogues with the luminous flux of modern LED searchlights. As well as the photometric and electrical parameters, values and determination of the measures to improve the design of the spotlight are of the interest. The spotlight sample has been tested. And the test results show that after the value of 3000 lm reached the main failing of light source is the low value of its luminous efficacy, equal to 57 lm/W. In order to increase the light output of the searchlight, there are the ways of modernization of its construction suggested in the article. The previous results show that the measures suggested will allow us to increase the value of luminous efficacy to 100 lm/W. Besides that, such parameters and characteristics of the spotlight as the correlated colour temperature (CCT), colour rendering index (CRI), wattage, luminous intensity and spectral light distribution are measured and submitted in the article. The obtained energetic characteristics of the sample allow us to conclude that application of such light sources is approved in special conditions. Absence of electronic components in the distant radiation source of white light allows increasing the light source reliability substantially. Therefore, the laser spotlights are acceptable for application in the hard-to-reach places for installation of the lighting equipment, for example, on high places where the equipment demount used for repairing works is too difficult. It is actually to use also the developed light sources at the explosive industrial facilities having the current-transmitting elements of construction, especially having the open contacts. That allows reducing the safety of facility operation significantly.

Methodology for Placing Devices for Sectioning the Electrical Grid 0,4 kV

A literature review was carried out, which showed a shift in the emphasis of digital transformation of the electric power industry on the development of methods and means of automation of rural electric networks of 0.4-10 kilovolts. It is shown that the actual direction of automation of rural electric networks is the development of means of their partitioning and redundancy, including the creation of relatively inexpensive devices for partitioning – dividing power lines into sections. The use of these devices requires the creation of methods for selecting their installation locations in electrical networks. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a methodology for locating the installations for sectioning the electrical grid. (Materials and methods) Analyzed literature sources, existing methods for selecting installation sites for partitioning tools. We used general scientific methods, methods of reliability theory, electrical engineering. (Results and discussion) Suggested options for the placement of devices for dividing the electrical network, depending on the purpose of their use. The criteria for choosing the installation locations of the electrical network division devices were given, which included ensuring the protection of the power transmission line from remote short circuits, primarily single-phase, increasing the reliability of power supply to consumers, preventing voltage deviation from exceeding permissible limits. Presented a methodology for selecting the installation locations of electrical network division devices according to the proposed criteria. (Conclusions) It was revealed that for radial and radial with soldering of electrical networks, the main criterion is to ensure the protection of remote short circuits, and an additional one is to increase the reliability of power supply. It has been shown that for ring networks, the main criterion is to prevent voltage deviation from exceeding permissible limits along with the criterion of ensuring protection from remote short circuits, and the criterion for increasing reliability is an additional one. It was established that the final place of installation of devices for dividing the electrical network into sections in each case is determined taking into account the specified criteria so that the main ones are not violated.

Comparison Between Two Offline Artificial Intelligence Methods for an Efficiency Estimation of In-Service Induction Motors

Various algorithms have been put forth for an efficiency estimation of an in-service induction motor with varying intrusion levels and accuracy. In the field, it is hard to reach the terminals of an in-service motor because of its location. This paper helps a field engineer to choose properly an efficiency estimation method for condition monitoring of an in-service induction motor. In this paper, the author put forth an approach based on symmetrical components to assess the efficiency of induction machine working on unbalanced power supplies at any loading condition. A comparison is done between two offline intelligence techniques like gravitational search (GS) algorithm and cuckoo search (CS) algorithm for estimating the efficiency of an induction machine by using limited measurements. The merit of these techniques is that the motor is not taken out from its place of installation for testing. Also, the highly intrusive no-load test is avoided. Simulations and experimental results support and validate the carried-out research.

Expansion of the alien East Asian river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) in southwestern Ukraine and assessment of its commercial usage prospects

At this time East Asian river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense is present almost everywhere in the lower reaches of the Danube and Dniester basins, in the Danube-Dniester interfluves and water bodies to the east of the Dniester. Successful adaptation and favorable climatic conditions in recent years have provided a significant increase in the East Asian river prawn populations in the Danube and Dniester. High growth rates of M. nipponense have been observed in the Danube and Dniester. In these river basins, higher values of maximum body length of the prawn (males 115 mm, females 87 mm) than those recorded in the native range water bodies and the cooler water bodies of thermal power plants during introduction were recorded. In small shallow brackish-water reservoirs of the region (PSU 1.5–6.0) the growth rate of M. nipponense is significantly lower than in the freshwater Danube and Dniester deltaic zones. Female East Asian river prawn in such water bodies mature at a much smaller size. The egg-laying period of female M. nipponense in the Danube lasts from June to October. The peak of egg laying is observed in July and August. There have been reported cases of M. nipponense being affected by crustacean burn-spot disease. The prospect of organizing the fishing of M. nipponense in the Danube River has been determined. It is necessary to continue research to increase selectivity of fishing gears, determination of optimal terms of fishing, and places of installation of fishing gears.

Determining the Capacity and Installation Places of Compensating Devices in Electrical Networks

The problem of reactive power compensation in meshed electrical networks is investigated. A closed electrical network for a rated voltage of 220 kV, which contains three substations with loads equal to 80, 120 and 120 MW, and four lines, one of which connects it with the grid, is considered. Based on the specified load values, the capacitor bank capacities are determined. To determine more exactly the capacitor bank installation places, calculations of the entire network scheme were performed with all possible options for installing capacitor banks at the network substations. A few options for installing capacitor banks at different substations with which the power factor is improved significantly have been suggested, and the best one of them has been chosen.

PROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION LINES WITH SOURCES OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION

The article examines the parameters of remote protections with a time delay dependent on the resistance of the short-circuit loop for distribution lines with redundancy and sources of distributed generation (DRG), taking into account the peculiarities of the parameters of these lines and their modes of operation and operating conditions. Obtained characteristics of protection devices, which are recommended when setting up remote protection of such lines with a voltage of 6...20 kV. The advantages of using a remote protection connection scheme for interphase voltages and phase current differences, as well as the use of separate protection against double earth faults, and in their absence - connection schemes for line voltages and phase currents, are justified. The reliability of the remote protection of full resistance should be evaluated by the value of the maximum length of the arc, which is determined at a given coefficient of sensitivity of the remote protection by the voltage drop at the place of installation of the protection in the event of a short circuit.

The assess reduction of the expected energy not-supplied to consumers in medium voltage distribution systems after installing a sectionalizer in optimal place

The article discusses the selection of the installation place for sectionalizers in power lines of medium voltage distribution system. Considered are sectionalizers which automatically disconnect the section of the power line during a pause after the second unsuccessful reclose of the main circuit breaker. Two types of medium voltage distribution systems are considered: systems which have only one power source and one main circuit breaker; systems which can automatically load transfer to the alternate power source and have secondary circuit breaker switched-off in normal condition. To calculate the reduction value of the expected energy not-supplied to the consumers after installing sectionalizer the authors propose a simplified method based on replacing discrete loads along the trunk-line with the proposed typical functions. This allows to avoid complicated discrete optimization methods. Using this method, the table values of optimum placement of sectionalizer and the expected energy not-supplied to the consumers are obtained. This approach is preferable for Distribution System Operators because method requires only classifying the power line and using the table value.

Evaluating the Effect of the Communication Link of the Relays on the Operation Time of the Protection System

In case of an error in the power system, it is the duty of the protection relays to isolate the faulty part from the rest of the system as soon as possible. Overcurrent and distance relays are usually used to protect the transmission and super distribution systems. The optimum coordination of these relays is very important. In this article, communication links are used to improve the optimal coordination of overcurrent and distance relays. In the proposed plan, the overcurrent relays on both sides of the line are equipped with a communication link for immediate action in the event of an error. Using this communication link, the complete coverage of the line is also provided by distance relays. The number and place of installation of the communication link greatly affect the operation time of overcurrent relays and the distance and coordination between them. The coordination problem is formulated by considering the location and number of communication links, and to solve it, the combined optimization algorithm of genetics and linear programming will be used. With the help of the genetic algorithm, the location and setting of the second zone of the distance relay, and by using the linear programming algorithm, the setting of the overcurrent relays is determined. The proposed method has been tested on the IEEE 14-bus (the simulation in MATLAB software) network and its results examined, and it will be seen how much the existence of a communication link can improve the performance time of the protection system.