Placement Of Battery Energy Storage System Research Articles

Optimal placement of BESS in a power system network for frequency support during contingency

In this work, a strategy is proposed for the optimal placement of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in a power system network for frequency support during a power system contingency. It is an optimization algorithm that considers the best location for the integration of a BESS for a frequency support as the place that will result in a minimum rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) during a power system disturbance. The formulation (which aims at determining the minimum RoCoF during contingency) was based on the inertia constant contributions and active power injections (during contingency) from a mixed power generation sources of conventional power plants (CPPs), wind power plants (WPPs) and a battery energy storage system (BESS). Three different optimization solvers, particle swarm optimization (PSO), Fmincon MATLAB solver, and genetic algorithm (GA)) were used in solving the optimization problem for the purpose of comparing the results obtained in order to choose the minimum RoCoF value among the three optimization solvers. The proposed methodology was tested using two network models namely a modified 12-bus and 53 -bus (Western Cape) test systems each consisting of CPPs, WPPs and BESS as energy sources. Simulation results show that when BESS is placed on its optimal location of bus 61 (using the modified 53-bus Western Cape Network model) the power imbalance due to contingency was reduced to about 38 % of its maximum value of 4791 MW and consequently the system frequency nadir was improved from 49.49 Hz to 49.60 Hz. This is very necessary in order to keep the system frequency from falling beyond the limit that may activate the underfrequency load shedding relays.

Optimal placement of battery energy storage systems with energy time shift strategy in power networks with high penetration of photovoltaic plants

This paper introduces a novel approach for the optimal placement of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in power networks with high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) plants. Initially, a fit-for-purpose steady-state, power flow BESS model with energy time shift strategy is formulated following fundamental operation principles. The optimal BESS placement methodology is subsequently developed in the realm of incremental modelling of power system losses, which permits to identify the best candidate node for the BESS connection that reduces the total power losses. And for practical results, daily varying patterns of nodal demand, generation dispatch and solar irradiance are considered, all this accompanied by the BESS operating strategy, i.e., electric energy time shift, which is one of the most sounding strategic applications in current BESS facilities. In addition to providing a suitable validation proof using the standard IEEE 5-bus test system, two practical test power network models with 24 and 118 nodes are used to showcase the usefulness of the incremental modelling approach for optimal BESS placement in power grids with high penetration of PV plants.

A business-oriented approach for battery energy storage placement in power systems

Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are gaining increasing importance in the low carbon transformation of power systems. Their deployment in the power grid, however, is currently challenged by the economic viability of BESS projects. To drive the growth of the BESS industry, private, commercial, and institutional investments in large-scale BESS projects are needed. For financiers and investors, choosing an appropriate BESS installation location is a crucial task that requires important considerations. However, so far, studies targeting the BESS placement problem have mainly focused on minimizing operational losses, solving power quality issues, and improving the voltage profile of the system. Implementing such approaches only considers the operational feasibility of BESS at the installation site while ignoring its business feasibility. Therefore, in this paper, we approach the BESS placement problem from a business viewpoint by conducting a stage-level investigation of BESS projects. First, we identify the factors impacting the business feasibility of placement decisions in projects’ construction, connection, operation, and disposal stages and propose cost and time effective measures for making them business friendly. We investigate several factors such as profitability of grid services, integrability of renewable resources, affordability of connection charges, and the usability of BESS capacity. Second, we investigate the business potential of placing BESSs in different grid-levels of the power system and examine BESS connection procedures at those levels. Third, we implement the proposed approach for installing a BESS in the Danish island of Bornholm, for which, we investigate multiple locations of the Bornholm power system.

Minimization of Power Losses through Optimal Battery Placement in a Distributed Network with High Penetration of Photovoltaics

The problems associated with the deployment of intermittent, unpredictable and uncontrollable solar photovoltaics (PV) can be feasibly solved with battery energy storage systems (BESS), particularly in terms of optimizing the available capacity, increasing reliability and reducing system losses. Consequently, the degree of importance of BESS increases in proportion to the level of PV penetration. Nevertheless, the respective high cost of BESS imposes a huge concern and the need to establish a techno-economic solution. In this paper, we investigate the system losses and power quality issues associated with the high deployment of PV in a grid network and hence formulate BESS capacity optimization and placement methodology based on a genetic algorithm. The concept of the proposed methodology has been tested and validated on a standard IEEE 33 bus system. A brief stepwise analysis is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methodology in reducing the incremental system losses experienced with increased PV penetration. Furthermore, based on the proposed optimization objectives, a comparative study has also been performed to quantify the impact and effectiveness of aggregated and distributed placement of BESS. The results obtained exhibit a substantial reduction in system losses, particularly in the case of distributed BESS placement.

A methodology to prevent cascading contingencies using BESS in a renewable integrated microgrid

One of the key features of a microgrid is its capability to operate in an islanded mode when required. However, due to limited resources and bidirectional power flows, a microgrid in islanded mode is susceptible to different contingencies with extensive effects, e.g., cascading loss of distributed generators (also known as Distributed Energy Resources – DERs) due to unacceptable post-fault voltage recovery performance. In a renewable integrated microgrid, conventionally Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is placed at the point of common coupling of distributed generators. However, such a placement approach does not prevent the cascading tripping of DERs following a fault, especially in the presence of a large share of induction motor loads. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a new placement methodology of BESS based on reactive power margin to prevent cascading contingencies and a subsequent blackout in a microgrid. The proposed methodology deploys an iterative technique. If the voltages at DERs terminals after a fault fail to recover within the stipulated time suggested by the grid code, BESS is placed at the bus with the lowest reactive power margin. It is known as the centralised placement approach of BESS. If this approach does not avert the DER tripping, the location of BESS is changed using the distributed placement scheme. In this scheme, several BESSs are placed on multiple buses, which have relatively lower values of reactive power margin. In a specific microgrid, either the centralised or the distributed BESS placement approach is eventually adopted. To explore the effectiveness of the proposed method, the IEEE 43 bus industrial test system integrated with renewable energy resources is considered as an islanded microgrid for simulations. It is found that the proposed approach results in the most appropriate placement of BESS to make the microgrid immune to cascading tripping of DERs.

Разработка усовершенствованной методики выбора параметров и мест размещения систем накопления электроэнергии в распределительных электрических сетях

State of the art. In the context of digitalization of electric grids, distribution grids remain the largest-scale and most problematic component. Technological solutions to improve the energy efficiency of these grids consist managing the voltage and transmission capacity of transmission lines using distributed generation and sto­rage-based controls. However, to date, there is no universal method for appropriate sizing and placement of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in distribution grids that would take into account the varying daily load schedules, which is the subject matter of this paper. Materials and methods. Researchers have reviewed Russian and international scientific and technical publications on sizing and placement of BESS in distribution grids. Besides, this research uses well-known analytical methods for calculating the characteristic daily loads. Mathematical modeling was crucial to the experimental part and was done by means of PSS SINCAL. Results. The paper analyzes and presents state-of-the-art methods for sizing and placement of BESS in distribution grids. The authors have devised optimality criteria that help tailor the parametrization and placement of BESS to the application. The criteria are proven solid by mathematical modeling. Conclusions. The methodology herein presented can be used for the reconstruction and new construction of storage-enabled distribution grids of better economic efficiency and performance.

Placement and sizing of battery energy storage for primary frequency control in an isolated section of the Mexican power system

Increasing penetration levels of inverter-interfaced generation impose challenging frequency control problems to power system operation since frequency response capabilities are reduced as conventional generation is displaced by renewable energy sources. To face these challenges, alternatives such as Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) are necessary to provide advanced and enhanced frequency support. However, improper location and size of BESSs may greatly affect the performance and economic cost of their particular application. Based on this, an approach for the placement and sizing of BESS for primary frequency support in an isolated power system is presented in this study. BESS location and size are determined according to the most severe contingency for generation outage and different penetration levels of converter based renewable generation in the test system. Under these considerations, the transmission system bus with the larger frequency decline is identified for BESS placement. On the other hand, BESS sizing is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, with a defined cost function to be minimized. An iterative process based on the Bat Optimization Algorithm (BOA) is used in this work to determine the selected parameters to be optimized. For comparison purposes, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach is also included to deal with the formulated optimization problem. Simulation results show that system frequency response can be improved with the approach proposed in this study. Besides, the use of BOA based alternative is seen to perform relatively better than the GA approach in this case.