The properties of coke obtained by heat treatment of the anthracene fraction of coal tar under pressure (by thermocracking) are investigated. Pressures up to 5 MPa are used; the temperature is 500 or 550°C. For comparison, pitch coke is obtained from oxidized pitch with softening temperatures of 166.2 and 190.2°C. The coke yield from thermocracking is 70–75%. The following properties of the coke are determined: the actual density, the ash content, the yield of volatiles, the optical microstructure, the elementary composition, the change in volume on heating to 2400°C, the impurity composition, and the X-ray structural characteristics. High temperatures (at least 550°C) and heating rate of the anthracene fraction facilitate the formation of a large quantity of active radicals, which instantaneously form the three-dimensional coke structure, preventing the growth and coalescence of mesophase particles; isotropic coke is formed, with a microstructure score of 2.2. At 500°C, anisotropic coke is formed, with a microstructure score of 4.3. Despite the high softening temperature and the content of the α1 fraction, the high-temperature pitch does not form isotropic coke on carbonization. The macrostructure of the coke obtained by thermocracking is monolithic, with fine pores. The thermocracking conditions (temperature, pressure, presence of H2) facilitate partial destruction and hydrogenation of the heterocyclic compounds. As a result, the coke has a reduced N, S, and O content. For pitch coke, the nitrogen content is 20–40% higher. The lack of ash in the anthracene fraction of coal tar results in ash- and metal-free coke. The coke obtained by thermocracking also has satisfactory X-ray structural characteristics and undergoes practically no expansion on graphitization, in contrast to pitch coke. In view of the technological convenience (absence of liquid products, high coke yield) and the quality of the coke, the production of isotropic coke by thermocracking may be regarded as a promising means of supplying the raw material used to produce artificial graphite.