This paper intends to investigate the corrosion effects on the bonding behavior between CFRP and steel. The corrosion parameters such as the pit density Pd, the average pit depth Dave and width Wave were acquired by using an immersion simulation algorithm. By conducting the shear tests of the CFRP/steel single lap specimens, the bonding parameters such as the ultimate load Fu, the shear strength τmax and the fracture energy G were obtained and their relationships with corrosion parameters were established. In addition, finite element models considering the corrosion topography were proposed to simulate the bonding behavior. Results showed that the Fu and the G increased first and then stabilized as the Pd increased, and increased slightly then decreased as the Dave and the Wave increased, indicating that the corroded surfaces distributed with a large number of pits of appropriate sizes may maximize the bonding strength and the fracture energy; the τmax increased with the Pd, and decreased as the Dave and the Wave increased, indicating that a larger pit number and a smaller pit sizes would lead to a higher shear strength; the Fu and the interfacial shear stress distribution in finite element analysis were similar to the experimental results.