Pipeline Planning Research Articles

Designing a Water Pipeline to Last 100 Years or More

Key TakeawaysAlthough superior materials and advanced techniques are available, designing a pipeline to supply water for 100 years or more is not necessarily the optimal choice for a utility.Numerous factors come into play when planning for pipe design, installation, monitoring, and maintenance, not the least of which is uncertainty about the future.Tools such as computational modeling, life‐cycle cost analysis, forensic analysis, and scenario planning through digital design can help a utility create a cost‐effective pipeline plan.

Construction of Utility Tunnel power supply and distribution system

As an underground structure that can accommodate multiple municipal pipelines, the utility tunnel can not only coordinate the planning, construction, and management of various municipal pipelines, but also achieve intensive development of urban underground space. In theory, any municipal pipeline can be included in the utility tunnel, thereby eradicating phenomena such as "road zippers" and "aerial spider webs" in the urban construction process. As a massive underground structure, the utility tunnel has its own electricity demand. Only by constructing a safe and stable power supply and distribution system inside the pipe gallery can it effectively ensure personal safety and the reliability of pipeline operation.

Transmission Pipeline Planning from Kregan Water Treatment Plant to Watu Gadjah Tank by PERUMDA PDAM Sleman Using EPANET 2.2

Clean water is vital as it directly impacts health and influences various aspects of life, including social, economic, and cultural activities. To address the clean water supply requirements in the area, PERUMDA PDAM Sleman, Yogyakarta, is currently planning for a transmission network linking the Kregan WTP to the Watu Gadjah Tank. The pipeline planning is carried out to ensure efficient and optimal network performance. The pipeline planning use both primary and secondary data. The primary data was obtained from surveys, while the secondary data was obtained though previous research and planning, regulation, and from the other sources. The pipeline network analysis carried out using EPANET 2.2. software. EPTANET was selected because of its cost-effectiveness and robust capabilities in modeling drinking water networks, with the advantage of being re-programmable. The results of the analysis are then adjusted to the planning standards that applicable in Indonesia. Risk analysis was carried out based on experience and expert opinion. The results of the planning showed that the maximum pressure on the transmission network was 84.21m on Pendowo Road. The velocity between 1.03 m/s and 1.63 m/ss with the highest headloss was 10.33 m/km. Based on the results of the planning, the entire parameter meets the standard of the applicable planning criteria. The results of the analysis indicate that the technical specifications of the pipe used must be able to withstand a pressure of 92,63m. There was a potential risk that network performance may be disrupted both in terms of network performance, implementation of development, and operational stages. The re-examination and the development of operational standard procedures is needed to ensure that planning has been in line with the expectations, can be implemented, and can be operated efficiently.

A new model to predict the small-hole decompression process of long CO2 pipeline

CO2 pipeline transportation is considered as an economical and safe way of moving large quantities of CO2 in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) projects. However, design and planning of CO2 pipelines passing through populated areas require careful risk assessment of accidental pipeline failure scenarios leading to CO2 pipeline decompression. In this study, a new zero-dimensional multi-stage outflow model describing transient decompression of CO2 is developed. The model accounts for the experimentally observed liquid level variation along the pipeline and uses the liquid volume fraction threshold parameter (αt) to mark the end of the saturated liquid flow decompression stage. Besides, the Lee model is applied to describe the mass transfer in gas-liquid phases. The model was validated against experimental data obtained large-scale pipeline decompression tests and can be recommended for simulation of outflow of supercritical and liquid CO2 from pipelines longer than 258 m and the orifice-to-pipeline diameter ratios smaller than 0.21. The advantage of this model lies in its use of the relatively simple Vessel Blowdown Model (VBM) to accurately model the depressurization process. It addresses the inconvenience posed by the heavy computational burden of high-dimensional models when predicting long-duration leakages in large-capacity pipelines.

Prototype Of A Web-Based Human Capital Information System Using SCRUM Method

The Human Capital Information System (HCIS) is software that manages staff data, payroll, and other everyday duties in the Human Capital sector. The Human Resources Management System aims to increase performance and eliminate mistakes in business processes to aid operational operations in the human resources department, particularly in recruiting, personnel data management, wage calculations, and promotions. While the system construction pipeline follows an SCRUM strategy for pipeline planning, which includes storyboarding (product owner) based on features to be generated, a product backlog, sprints, daily SCRUM, and sprint reviews, we also utilize qualitative data collecting approaches. This IS is connected with employee attendance, the human resource management system may help gather data and information on employee attendance in an accurate and efficient manner, as well as speed up and reduce mistakes in computing employee wages.

Pipeline sharing: Optimal design of downstream green ammonia supply systems integrating with multi-product pipelines

Green ammonia is a promising energy storage form with extremely high efficiency of hydrogen storage. Although the construction of green ammonia production facilities is rapidly progressing, there is still a lack of comprehensive consideration of the optimal design for supply systems. This paper prospectively explores a framework for the ammonia supply system under four scenarios considering multimodal transportation. Different mathematical models are developed, which incorporate special constraints such as pipe diameter, broken loops, etc., aiming at minimizing costs of transportation, construction and carbon treatment. In this framework, the economic, energy and environmental performance is evaluated to optimize the design of the supply system. The case study in China shows that different transportation modes can reduce economic costs by 60.93∼77.45 %, energy consumption by 18.4 ∼67.7 ktce, and carbon emissions by 23.3∼60.7 kt per year. A further novel finding is that the simultaneous usage of new liquid ammonia pipelines and multi-product pipelines for supply systems proves to be the most effective transportation mode. Sensitivity analyses are also conducted on regional production capacity expansion, liquid ammonia pipeline planning, and multi-product pipeline utilization. The results confirm that the scheme is stable under certain conditions. Finally, some recommendations are provided for the development of green ammonia industry.

Evaluation of disaster-bearing capacity for natural gas pipeline under third-party damage based on optimized probabilistic neural network

Third-party damage has become a significant factor leading to pipeline failures and leaks, resulting in severe ecological damage and human casualties. Traditional safety risk analysis methods in the past have focused on severing the causal chain of accidents, while neglecting the unique characteristics of different pipeline segments and environmental factors on their ability to bearing disasters. This paper presents a framework for evaluating the disaster-bearing capacity of natural gas pipeline third-party damage based on probabilistic neural networks. A comprehensive disaster-bearing capacity index system for evaluating third-party damage to natural gas pipelines has been constructed by analyzing the causal factors and potential consequences of third-party damage risk incidents. Next, the cluster analysis and indicator weighting information is used for achieving the comprehensive disaster-bearing capacity assessment. Finally, the data samples are constructed with the index levels and comprehensive disaster-bearing capacity levels of each evaluation unit. An optimization algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), is utilized to improve the parameter selection process of the Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) model, in order to evaluate the disaster-bearing level of each unit. A typical long-distance natural gas pipeline in Zhejiang Province was selected as the case study, and a total of 200 research units were obtained through pipeline analysis. Furthermore, 14 indicator data were obtained by leveraging multiple sources of data surrounding the pipeline. With the utilization of cluster analysis, it was determined that Gaussian mixed model clustering method ultimately identified a total of 5 different levels of disaster-bearing capacity. The optimal smoothing factor can be accurate from 0.5 to 0.588 by using the PSO-PNN model, and the final accuracy rate is improved from 88% to 98%, which is obviously the introduction of PSO optimization algorithm in the PNN model can improve the accuracy of the model. This represents a significant improvement in accuracy when compared to traditional PNN models. The proposed evaluation method can provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of third-party damage in oil and gas pipelines and pipeline planning.

Studi Perencanaan Ulang Perpipaan Sistem Filtrasi Air Skala Rumah Tangga

Clean water is a primary necessity for human survival, but due to limited access to clean water sources, wells are often used to meet this need. However, water from wells cannot be used directly because its quality varies depending on the soil conditions. Due to these differences, a filtration system needs to be installed in the treatment of raw water from the well. In the process, well water, after being processed through the filtration system, experiences a decrease in flow rate before being stored in water tanks. This creates a problem, namely excessive electricity consumption and insufficient water flow for household use. In this research, the researcher attempts to implement the SNI (Indonesian National Standard) standards in household-scale clean water treatment, whereas previous research focused more on water quality testing. The objectives of this research are to reduce electricity consumption and increase water flow to meet household needs.
 Regarding the research method, the researcher conducted a literature review, data collection, pre-improvement testing, redesigned pipeline planning, performance testing of the improvement results, and analysis of the outcomes. The results of this research show that for the 1-liter container testing, the required time has increased, with the fastest time being 6.4 seconds and the slowest being 6.7 seconds, compared to the initial testing, which had a range of 13.2 seconds to 13.6 seconds. As for electricity consumption, there has been a significant decrease, from 2.76 A in the initial testing to 1.76 A, resulting in an average power consumption of 200.3 watt, compared to the previous 603.7 watt.

Motion Planning for Autonomous Driving: The State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Intelligent vehicles (IVs) have gained worldwide attention due to their increased convenience, safety advantages, and potential commercial value. Despite predictions of commercial deployment by 2025, implementation remains limited to small-scale validation, with precise tracking controllers and motion planners being essential prerequisites for IVs. This paper reviews state-of-the-art motion planning methods for IVs, including pipeline planning and end-to-end planning methods. The study examines the selection, expansion, and optimization operations in a pipeline method, while it investigates training approaches and validation scenarios for driving tasks in end-to-end methods. Experimental platforms are reviewed to assist readers in choosing suitable training and validation strategies. A side-by-side comparison of the methods is provided to highlight their strengths and limitations, aiding system-level design choices. Current challenges and future perspectives are also discussed in this survey.

Application of BIM Technology in Water Supply and Drainage Pipeline Design of the First Phase of Wisdom Express Road, Second Ring West Road, Hangzhou Asian Games Supporting Project

Water supply and drainage pipeline is an important part of municipal engineering. It is necessary to ensure the rationality of pipeline design and improve the technical level of pipeline design. Taking the first phase of Wisdom Express Road, Second Ring West Road, Hangzhou Asian Games supporting project as an example, the application of BIM Technology in municipal water supply and drainage pipeline design is analyzed from the aspects of model construction, three-dimensional design, collision detection, pipeline planning, etc. the BIM model is constructed and the modeling analysis method is adopted to improve the design efficiency of the pipeline, make the pipeline design meet the requirements of the design specifications and ensure the application effect of BIM Technology.

Strategies for the Application of BIM Technology in the Collaborative Planning and Design of Urban Roads and Pipelines

Urban road construction and the laying of underground pipelines are both important elements in the improvement of urban infrastructure, while the construction of the two may affect and restrict each other if they are not planned systematically. Therefore, a synergistic design of urban roads and pipelines is needed to ensure the synergy of urban road construction and underground pipeline laying. This paper mainly analyzes the necessity of building information modeling (BIM) technology application in the collaborative planning and design of urban roads and pipelines, and explores the application strategy of BIM technology.

Research on Filling Strategy of Pipeline Multi-Layer Welding for Compound Narrow Gap Groove.

With the increase in transmission pressure and pipe diameter of long-distance oil and gas pipelines, automatic welding of the pipeline has become the mainstream welding method. The multi-layer and multi-pass welding path planning of large-diameter pipelines with typical narrow gap grooves are studied, and a welding strategy for pipeline external welding robot is proposed. By analyzing the shape of the weld bead section of the narrow gap groove and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the equal-height method and the equal-area method, the mathematical model of the filling layer is established. Through the test and analysis in the workshop, the predicted lifting value meets the actual welding requirements. The microstructure of the weld was analyzed by SEM. The main structure of the weld was fine acicular ferrite, which could improve the mechanical properties of the welded joint. After multi-layer filling, the filling layer is flush with the edge of the groove. The establishment of this model lays a foundation for the formulation of welding process parameters for large-diameter pipes and the off-line programming of welding procedures.

Application of Cloud Computing and GIS Based on Internet of Things in Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Production Management and Safety Monitoring and Early Warning System

The purpose of this study is to design an information management system, which can be used for oil and gas pipeline path planning, oil and gas production scheduling, oil and gas data statistical analysis, and other functions. In this study, a production management information system for oil and gas storage and transportation based on the Internet of Things and GIS technology is proposed. Through the integration of Internet and GIS technology, it can accurately analyze the path planning of oil and gas pipelines. The experiment proves the reliability of the system, and in the aspect of path planning, the simulated path of the system will be 20–30 km shorter than the original laying path, especially for long-distance pipeline laying, which can be reduced by about 30 km.

The First In-Depth Assessment Of Carbon Capture Utilization And Sequestration (Ccus) For Co2 Management Of South Sumatera Sng Plant

A commercial low-rank coal SNG (substitute natural gas) plant is being planned to build in Pendopo, South Sumatra. However, the CO2 produced is not allowed to be vented and should be managed properly. One approach to manage this anthropogenic CO2 emission is through the utilization for CO2 EOR (enhanced oil recovery) or CO2 sequestration. This workaims to investigate the possibility of application and the readiness carbon capture utilization and sequestration (CCUS) for CO2 management of South Sumatera SNG Plant. It presents technical ranking of suitable reservoirs, injection profiles determination, cluster principle of oil fields that can accommodate the amount of CO2 supplied for a number of years, and planning and realization of trunk pipelines and the possibility to reuse the major part of the present infrastructure. The results show the A1 oil field has the highest rank in the sink scoring indicating that this field has highest suitability for CO2 EOR application and CO2 sequestration. Three clusters are formed, north, southeast and west cluster as the basis to establish pipelines network development. The largest CO2 storage potential is in southeast cluster, 27 MtCO2 and the injection strategy developed is successful to manage CO2 supply from SNG Plant.

Research on PSP Offset Effect of Hydrogen-Electricity Hybrid Pipelines Caused by Geomagnetic Storms

The Pipe-Soil Potentials (PSP) offset of buried metal pipelines caused by geomagnetic storms will threaten the operation safety of hybrid energy transmission pipeline with hydrogen and superconducting cable. It is a critical issue in the planning and design of hydrogen-electricity hybrid pipelines. In this paper, based on the mechanism of geomagnetic storm invading long-distance buried pipeline, the equivalent circuit model of the pipeline is established using the Distributed Source Transmission Line (DSTL) theory. Then, considering the distance between the insulation joints, radius of the pipeline, coating resistivity, output current of potentiostat, the PSP distribution characteristics of hydrogen-electricity hybrid pipeline under geomagnetic storm is carried out. The interference law of geomagnetic storm on hydrogen-electricity hybrid pipeline is obtained. Finally, based on the simulation calculation, the optimal design method of hydrogen-electricity hybrid pipeline is acquired considering the geomagnetic interference.

Effect of flow on corrosion of water pipelines in petrochemical industry

Effect of flow on corrosion of inner wall of metal pipelines is complex, relationship between them has not been fully revealed yet in existing researches. In petrochemical industry, leakage of water pipelines often occurs. Once sewage pipelines leaking, serious pollution may happen. Therefore, valid researches on effect of flow on corrosion could provide a theoretical basis for process designing and inspection planning of water pipelines in petrochemical industry. In this paper, the static and flow induced corrosion were discussed according to the experimental results, the acceleration and influence of the velocity on flow induced corrosion were discussed.

Coordinated Planning of Electricity/gas/storage Distribution Network Based on LSTM and Demand Response

This paper presents a collaborative planning method of an electricity-gas-storage regional integrated energy system based on LSTM neural network and demand response. First, the LSTM Neural network is used for load forecasting, and the energy hub structure of the electric gas storage system is established. Then, the mathematical models of power storage, gas storage, electric network topology, gas network topology, and P2G are established to minimize the expansion cost of the electricity-gas-storage system, and the collaborative planning of energy storage, power lines, and natural gas pipelines is proposed based on the existing electric gas coupling integrated energy system. The original model which is difficult to solve is transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming model by introducing auxiliary variables, and the CPLEX solver is called to solve it. Finally, the economic advantages of collaborative planning of electricity-gas-storage system are verified by an example, and the connection of power storage and gas storage can reduce system pressure and optimize equipment selection.

Planning for Natural Gas Pipelines in Ohio: Governance and Other Complexities

ABSTRACT In addition to crossing state lines, networks of natural gas transmission pipelines in the US cross multiple local jurisdictions, each potentially with its own local comprehensive plans and zoning ordinances. Under federal preemption, these interstate pipeline projects present new challenges to local land use planning. We examine aspects of the planning process of a portion of an interstate natural gas transmission pipeline in Ohio. The goal of this research is to explore how local planners navigate the interstate pipeline planning process under the limitations they face due to the regulatory framework in which these projects exist.

Perencanaan Jaringan Pipa Sistem Penyaluran Air Buangan Terpusat (Off-Site System) di Kecamatan Pasar Jambi, Kota Jambi

Improving the quality of service and processing of infrastructure and facilities for wastewater has been programmed in the national development program 2000-2004 as stated in Law No. 25 of 2000. For this reason, the need for waste management and treatment to minimize environmental pollution, one of which is liquid waste generated from the community in the form of wastewater, centralized wastewater pipeline planning in Pasar Kecamatan, Jambi City, as an illustration or engineering in environmental management especially wastewater, because this area is dense with buildings and settlements, making it feasible to build a wastewater distribution pipeline system. Based on the analysis in this plan, the total number of service blocks for Jambi Market District consists of 11 service blocks with coverage in 4 Kelurahan, namely Beringin kelurahan with 3 service blocks, Orang Kayo Hitam Subdistrict 3 service blocks, Sungai Asam with 3 service blocks, and Pasar Jambi 2 service blocks, for the total pipe needs, the total number of lateral pipes is 61 pipes with a total length of 6579.2 m, for the total branch pipes are 17 pipes with a total length of 5801 m, and for the main pipe consists of 10 main pipes to drain water discharge to WWTP, totaling 10 main pipes with a total length of 2075, the diameter on the market from the smallest is 90 mm and the largest is 800 mm. Complementary buildings consist of clean out as many as 134 clean out terminals, 80 manholes, 2 pumps, and 1 siphon or crossing building, minimum digging depth for lateral pipes is 0.88 m and the deepest follows the ground slope or assuming with requirement if the ground pipe slope is less than 0, the final drainage of each pipe meets the drainage standard that is 0.6 m / sec <Vp <3 m / sec.

Breaching Barriers: The Fight for Indigenous Participation in Water Governance

Indigenous peoples worldwide face barriers to participation in water governance, which includes planning and permitting of infrastructure that may affect water in their territories. In the United States, the extent to which Indigenous voices are heard—let alone incorporated into decision-making—depends heavily on whether or not Native nations are recognized by the federal government. In the southeastern United States, non-federally recognized Indigenous peoples continue to occupy their homelands along rivers, floodplains, and wetlands. These peoples, and the Tribal governments that represent them, rarely enter environmental decision-making spaces as sovereign nations and experts in their own right. Nevertheless, plans to construct the Atlantic Coast Pipeline prompted non-federally recognized Tribes to demand treatment as Tribal nations during permitting. Actions by the Tribes, which are recognized by the state of North Carolina, expose barriers to participation in environmental governance faced by Indigenous peoples throughout the United States, and particularly daunting challenges faced by state-recognized Tribes. After reviewing the legal and political landscapes that Native nations in the United States must navigate, we present a case study focused on Atlantic Coast Pipeline planning and permitting. We deliberately center Native voices and perspectives, often overlooked in non-Indigenous narratives, to emphasize Indigenous actions and illuminate participatory barriers. Although the Atlantic Coast Pipeline was cancelled in 2020, the case study reveals four enduring barriers to Tribal participation: adherence to minimum standards, power asymmetries, procedural narrowing, and “color-blind” planning. We conclude by highlighting opportunities for federal and state governments, developers, and Indigenous peoples to breach these barriers.