Oil Pipelines Research Articles

OPC UA Application Study in Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Monitoring Data Forwarding

INTRODUCTION： With the continuous development of oil and gas pipeline network monitoring and control technology, the need for data transmission and communication is becoming more and more prominent. In this context, OPC UA has attracted wide attention. This study aims to explore the application of OPC UA in data forwarding for oil and gas pipeline network monitoring in order to improve the efficiency, reliability and security of data transmission.PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of OPC UA in oil and gas pipeline network monitoring and to verify its performance in data forwarding through empirical studies. By gaining an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of OPC UA, it aims to provide a more advanced and efficient monitoring data transfer solution for the oil and gas industry.METHOD: The study adopts a combination of field monitoring and laboratory simulation. First, the essential characteristics and requirements of monitoring data in oil and gas pipeline networks were collected. Subsequently, a monitoring system with OPC UA as the communication protocol was established and field tested. In the laboratory environment, data transmission scenarios under different working conditions were simulated, and the performance of OPC UA under different conditions was analyzed.RESULT: The field monitoring results show that the data transmission efficiency is significantly improved by using OPC UA as the communication protocol for data forwarding in oil and gas pipeline network monitoring. Meanwhile, the system performs well in different environments with high reliability and security. The laboratory simulation results further verify the stability and adaptability of OPC UA under complex working conditions.CONCLUSION: OPC UA is an effective communication protocol that can meet the data transmission requirements for oil and gas pipeline network monitoring. Its efficient, reliable, and secure characteristics make it an ideal choice for improving the communication performance of monitoring systems in the oil and gas industry. The empirical results of this study provide reliable technical support for the oil and gas industry in the field of data transmission and a vital reference for the optimization and upgrading of monitoring systems in the future.

A novel stress concentration inspection method for marine oil and gas pipeline based on UNSM

Stress concentration of marine oil and gas pipelines can lead to deformation and cracks, laying out great hidden dangers for safe operation. This paper proposes a novel in-line inspection method for stress concentration based on UNSM (unsaturated magnetization) for oil and gas pipelines. Firstly, the stress concentration inspection mechanism with UNSM is analyzed, and the equivalent magnetic circuit model of the inspection probe is derived. Secondly, the response signal features of axial, radial and complex stresses were investigated parametrically by numerical simulation. Then, quantitative tensile stress inspection was carried out with the UNSM inspection probe. Finally, the pipeline stress state is continuously scanned by the self-developed defect dynamic scanning experimental system. The results show that the UNSM inspection probe can effectively detect the abnormal stress of the pipeline. Meanwhile, the axial tensile, radial compressive stress and complex stress increase the axial permeability of the pipeline, resulting in a negative correlation of characteristic signals. Besides, the signal feature shows the "basin" distribution and decreases gradually with the increase of the lift-off. The above research provides a reference for developing in-line inspection equipment for the abnormal stress of marine pipelines.

Oil Pipeline Leak Detection in Iraqi Oil Fields based on 1DCNN

The oil industry plays a crucial role in Iraq's economy. There's a growing need for technologies that can quickly detect leaks in oil pipelines because leaks can have serious ramifications, including monetary losses, endangerment to public safety, environmental degradation, and resource waste. Advances in technology and software have made it possible to detect leaks. Current approaches often require manual extraction of features, which can be slow and inefficient. This paper presents a new method that proposes using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for automatic feature extraction. The Iraqi Ministry of Oil, specifically the Basra Oil Company, provided the dataset, such as total distance (km), pressure (bar), and flow rate (STB/d). We split the data into training (70%) and testing (30%) sets. then we calculate metrics such as confusion matrices, accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score to evaluate performance and calculate errors from the regression analysis (root mean square error, root mean absolute error, and relative error). Our contribution to this work is to use 1DCNN to identify leaks, pinpoint their location, and even predict the amount of spilled oil, unlike other research that only uses it to evaluate the presence or absence of a leak only. Additionally, we've created a user-friendly interface for the system. Finally, compare the proposed approach with conventional and alternative methods to show its efficiency. In the future, we plan to expand the system to assess pipeline corrosion and predict its remaining lifespan.

Взаимосвязь микроструктуры с ударной вязкостью металлов сварного шва трубных высокопрочных низколегированных сталей (обзор исследований)

Introduction. The modern pipeline industry requires the development of materials of high strength and toughness for the production of steels for oil and gas pipelines. Changes in steel production and rolling technologies have become a challenge for welding consumables and joining technologies. This is more critical for strength levels above 830 MPa, where there are no specific regulations for the approval of welding consumables. Research methods. The failure of stainless steel pipeline welds is becoming a serious problem in the pipeline industry. Multiphase microstructures containing acicular ferrite or an acicular ferrite-dominated phase exhibit good complex properties in HSLA steels. This paper focuses on the results obtained using modern methods of scanning electron microscopy for microstructural analysis, backscattered electrons (BSE) for electron channel contrast imaging (ECCI) and orientation microscopy based on electron backscatter diffraction (ORM), as well as characteristic X-rays for compositional analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XEDS) and secondary electrons (SE) for observing surface morphology. Results and discussion. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the microstructure of the weld and its relationship with impact toughness. It is shown that predicting impact toughness based on the microstructural characteristics of steel weld metals is complicated due to the large number of parameters involved. This requires an optimal microstructure of the steel. Satisfactory microstructure depends on several factors, such as chemical composition, hot work processing, and accelerated cooling. Alloying elements have a complex effect on the properties of steel, and alloying additives commonly added to the steel composition include Mn, Mo, Ti, Nb and V. From a metallurgical point of view, the choice of alloying elements and the metallurgical process can greatly influence the resulting microstructure. A longer cooling time tend to improve the toughness and reduce the mechanical strength of weld deposits on high-strength steels. Welding thermal cycles cause significant changes in the mechanical properties of the base material. The analysis showed that impact toughness strongly depends on the microstructure of the multi-pass weld of the material under study, which contains several sources of heterogeneity, such as interdendritic segregation, and the effective grain size can also be a significant factor explaining large deviations in local impact toughness values. Acicular ferrite nucleated in intragranular inclusions has been shown to produce a fine-grained interlocking arrangement of ferrite plates providing high tensile strength and excellent toughness, and is therefore a desirable microstructural constituent in C-Mn steel weld metals. At the same time, discussion regarding the relationship between acicular ferrite and toughness is very complex and still open at present. Relating impact toughness to acicular ferrite, taking into account the top bead, is not a reliable procedure, even for single-pass deposit welding. Impact strength depends on several factors, and the strong effect of acicular ferrite is generally recognized due to its fine-grained interlocking structure, which prevents the propagation of brittle cracks by cleavage. The large-angle boundaries and high dislocation density of acicular ferrite provide high strength and toughness. However, for the same amount of acicular ferrite, different viscosity values may be observed depending on the content of microalloying elements in the steel. An analysis of the results of various studies showed that other factors also affect the impact strength. For example, microphases present along the Charpy-V notch are critical for the toughness of weld metals. The combination of OM, SEM and EBSD techniques provides an interesting method for metallographic investigation of the refined metal microstructure of stainless steel pipeline welds. Conclusion. This review reports the most representative study regarding the microstructural factor in the weld of pipe steels. It includes a summary of the most important process variables, material properties, regulatory guidelines, and microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of the joints. This review is intended to benefit readers from a variety of backgrounds, from non-welding or materials scientists to various industrial application specialists and researchers.

Research on Deformation Characteristics of Pipelines Under Landslide Action

Landslide disasters often occur along oil and gas pipelines, seriously affecting the safety of oil and gas transportation. Therefore, it is urgent to study the deformation and damage characteristics of pipelines under landslide disaster conditions. This article takes oil and gas pipelines under landslide disaster conditions as the research object, and based on numerical simulation methods, focuses on the influence of different landslide parameters on pipeline deformation and damage. The research results indicate that the length, width, height, and slope of landslides, as well as the relative position of pipeline landslides, have a significant impact on pipeline deformation and damage; When the oil and gas pipeline is laid in the middle of the landslide, the response of pipeline deformation and failure to slope sliding is most significant; The prediction results of the pipeline landslide geological hazard warning model are highly consistent with the original data and have wide applicability. The research results are of great significance for monitoring and evaluating geological hazards of pipeline landslides, and reducing the risk of geological hazards of pipeline landslides in the monitoring area.

A Bayesian network‐based susceptibility assessment model for oil and gas pipelines suffering under‐deposit corrosion

AbstractOil and gas pipelines are exposed to harsh operating conditions that facilitate their susceptibility to complex corrosion mechanisms. This affects their integrity and results in failure with associated consequences. Capturing these complex corrosion phenomena requires a robust approach. This study proposes the application of a dynamic probabilistic model to capture the key influential factors that contribute to the complex under‐deposit corrosion (UDC) mechanism in oil and gas pipelines. The Bayesian network model assesses the pipeline's susceptibility (degradation rate) to the UDC, capturing parametric dependencies. The predicted corrosion rates are input data for the corrosion propagation prediction. Three semi‐empirical corrosion propagation models are used for a comparative assessment to establish the degree of susceptibility given the prevalent influential factors and model parameters. The proposed approach is tested on an offshore pipeline, and the degree of impact of the key influential parameters is predicted. The result shows a percentage increase in the degradation rate by 18.7%, 33.2%, 35.8%, and 63.4%, respectively, for the various interaction scenarios. The present approach offers an adaptive and robust technique that would provide an early warning guide on the rate of pipeline degradation to aid integrity management for offshore assets suffering from deposit corrosion.

Experimental investigation and prediction of overall and local flow patterns in pipeline-riser systems

A unified model for predicting flow patterns in the pipeline-riser system is essential for the flow assurance of offshore oil and gas pipelines. This paper uses the visual images and pressure signals to obtain the internal correlation and the transition boundaries of the overall and local flow patterns in a 46 mm ID, 1722 m long pipeline S-shaped riser system. The flow pattern map with industrial parameters is plotted, and a fast identification method for unstable flow is proposed based on the differential pressure signal of the riser. The mapping relationship between the overall flow pattern divided by the pressure signals and the local flow pattern distinguished by the visual images is established. The transition mechanism dominated by the liquid phase is whether the gas in the downward-inclined pipeline accelerates after entering the riser base, and the transition mechanism dominated by the gas phase is whether the gas can penetrate the liquid in the riser so that the gas does not accumulate in the downward-inclined pipeline. A unified mechanistic model is proposed for predicting the overall flow pattern transition boundaries in pipeline-riser systems. The model results show a good agreement with 24 kinds of flow pattern maps under various pipeline structures, fluid properties, and separator pressures.

ПОСТРОЕНИЕ ЦИФРОВОЙ МОДЕЛИ МЕСТНОСТИ ПРИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИИ ТРАСС ЛИНЕЙНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ

The paper discusses a method for obtaining a digital terrain model when designing the routes of a linear object (oil pipeline) using a specific example. The relevance of the topic and the current state of the issue being studied are indicated. The sequence of work is described and the necessary equipment is provided. The purpose of the research is to study the means and techniques for creating a digital terrain model (DTM).
 Creating digital terrain models involves converting cartographic information from analogue to digital form. The digital form of storage on electronic media is currently more progressive. It allows you to quickly record and enter into a digital model changes that have occurred on the ground, as well as automate many processes of topographic and geodetic production. Due to the availability of fast computer processing of huge amounts of data, the task of creating a digital model as close to reality as possible becomes feasible. A digital terrain model (DTM) consists of a digital terrain model (DEM) and a digital situation model (DSM).
 The studies have developed a sequence for compiling a digital terrain model using a specific example, which will reduce the cost and time for work, increase the information content of the materials.

Comparative Study of Air–Water and Air–Oil Frictional Pressure Drops in Horizontal Pipe Flow

Experimental data for frictional pressure drop using both air–water and air–oil mixtures are reported, compared and used to evaluate predictive methods. The data were gathered using the 2-inch (54.8 mm) flow loop of the multiphase flow facility at the National University of Singapore. Experiments were carried out over a wide range of flow conditions of superficial liquid and gas velocities that were varied from 0.05 to 1.5 m/s and 2 to 23 m/s, respectively. Pressure drops were measured using pressure transducers and a differential pressure (DP) cell. A hitherto unreported finding was achieved, as the pressure drop in air–oil flow can be lower than that in air–water flow for the higher range of flow conditions. Using flow visualization to explain this phenomenon, it was found that it is related to the higher liquid holdup that occurs in the case of air–oil around the annular flow transition and the resulting interfacial friction. This additional key finding can have applications in flow assurance to improve the efficiency of oil and gas transportation in pipelines. Models and correlations from the open literature were tested against the present data.

Reliability analysis for a generalized sparse connection multi-state consecutive-k-out-of-n linear system

The utilization of binary states is a common practice in reliability analysis. However, in complex systems such as aviation, spaceflight, and watercraft, the prevalence of multi-state systems and units is more pronounced. Consequently, extensive research has been undertaken to explore reliability analysis with a focus on multi-state consecutive-k models across various disciplines. Notably, the concept of sparse connection has received considerable attention due to its relevance in practical applications like wireless communication, cloud computing networks, and oil pipeline systems. This paper aims to propose a generalized multi-state consecutive-k: G system model that incorporates sparse connection. Both the system and the units are allowed to be in one of the (M+1) possible states, wherein the order numbers 0,1,2,…,M indicate the performance measurement of the system or the units, i.e., 0 denotes the worst performance state while M denotes the best performance state. We classify the model into increasing, decreasing and non-monotonic consecutive-k systems corresponding to different mission requirements in practical applications. This paper utilizes the finite Markov chain imbedding (FMCI) method to derive explicit system state distributions for three types of multi-state consecutive-k-out-of-n: G systems. Subsequently, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the proposed models and the corresponding results.

Environmental impact and damage assessment of oil trunkline transportation by life cycle assessment method

AbstractAs climate issues gradually attract public attention worldwide, the operation of crude oil pipelines has been attached with new emission‐reduction targets. Though previous studies concerning life cycle assessment (LCA) of oil and gas pipelines have estimated the carbon footprint to some extent, there is a lack of research on life cycle carbon emissions that take the process of crude oil pipelines transportation. the main objective of this study is to build a comprehensive LCA model of carbon footprint for crude oil pipeline systems. A gate‐to‐gate analysis is provided for the LCA model, which means that the entire pipeline's life cycle from the extraction to disposal is considered. The LCA approach used both midpoint and endpoint impact assessment methods to evaluate the environmental impacts of crude oil pipeline transportation in Iran. The study analyzed the major environmental impact categories, such as greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, water usage, and solid waste generation. The results showed that the crude oil pipelines transportation has significant environmental impacts in Iran. The three highest impacts on the midpoint scale are marine ecotoxicity by 61.54 kg 1,4‐DCB, terrestrial ecotoxicity by 52.26 kg 1,4‐DCB and fossil resource scarcity by 40.22 kg oil eq. The endpoint impacts of three stations were also compared. The Chamran, Abadan and Zanganeh stations have 95.44%, 94.22%, and 6% impacts on human health, respectively. Also, Abadan station has the largest amount of damage to ecosystems and resources with 96.65% and 80.02%, respectively. The findings of this study could be used by policymakers, oil companies, and other stakeholders to make informed decisions and implement strategies to reduce the environmental impact of oil transportation in Iran.

What is “heard” at a pipeline hearing?: The gerrymandering of aurality in British Columbia, Canada

AbstractThis article explores how sound technologies are deployed by government agencies to produce legitimacy in the struggle over oil pipelines in British Columbia, Canada. Activists seeking to stop the Northern Gateway and Trans Mountain pipelines have mobilized noise and silence as tactics of protest and refusal. For example, one thousand demonstrators make a cacophony outside a Vancouver hotel in protest of the Northern Gateway pipeline. Communications technology, though, is deployed here by the state to compress and control. In one of the hotel's small, impregnable conference rooms, public hearings over the pipeline are taking place—only the public is not allowed inside: the proceedings are being livestreamed to a hotel two kilometers away. On unceded Coast Salish territory, the legitimacy of pipeline hearings is also contested because the continued existence of Indigenous legal orders represents a challenge to the pipelines in question. Technological mediation makes it possible to satisfy one requirement of legitimacy: democratically granted representative power. The challenge to the legal system highlighted by the continued existence of the Indigenous, though, is managed through audile techniques deployed as anthropotechnologies. The implications for a politics of sound must be considered in light of sound's mediation, which is never politically neutral.

Simulation of defect detection for the buried petroleum pipe by the X-ray backscatter imaging

Ensuring the integrity, safety, and compliance of oil pipelines is crucial for operators. Two significant factors affecting pipeline integrity are metal loss due to corrosion or air gouging and the presence of cracks. This paper introduces an X-ray backscatter nondestructive testing model on a smart pig(an intelligent robot) for internal inspection of petroleum pipelines. The paper investigates the X-ray source and detection system, essential components of the backscatter imaging technology, to provide technical guidance for model design. The imaging system’s layout is modeled using GEANT4, and its performance in detecting defects of various formats on pipe walls is studied. The research demonstrates the feasibility of using X-ray backscatter imaging for pipeline inspection and provides insights into different defect detection. The findings contribute to designing and optimizing the robot’s scanning head for effective pipeline inspection.

Calculation of Mixed Oil Volume for Sequential Transportation of Crude Oil Pipelines with Variable Temperature and Low Reynolds Number

In order to meet the differentiated demand of oil refiners for crude oil, improve the operating load ratio of long-distance pipelines, and reduce one-time investment, sequential transportation process has been widely used in long-distance crude oil pipelines in China. There are many studies on the calculation method of the mixed oil quantity of sequential transportation of refined oil, but due to its complex influencing factors, there is no general calculation model accepted by everyone. For the sequential transportation of crude oil pipelines, most of them have the characteristics of variable temperature and low Reynolds number, and it is more difficult to accurately calculate the mixed oil quantity than the refined oil pipeline. Through the analysis of the characteristics of oil mixing and hydraulic characteristics of sequential oil transportation, combined with the operation example of an oil pipeline in China, the calculation results of the diffusion theory formula, the Austin-Palfrey empirical formula and the equivalent pipeline length formula were compared and analyzed. The results show that the “equivalent pipeline length method” considers the influence of flow, pipe diameter and conveying distance on oil mixing, and takes into account the oil mixture caused by the change of initial oil mix and Reynolds number, which is more suitable for calculating the mixed oil quantity of sequential transportation of crude oil pipelines. However, for the sequential transportation of crude oil pipelines with low Reynolds number and variable temperature, the amount of oil mixed will be increased. According to the comparative analysis of actual cases, the correction coefficient is increased by 1.5 times on the basis of theoretical calculation, and the calculated value is in good agreement with the actual value, and the deviation is within 5%. It can be used as a reference for the design and operation management of variable temperature and low Reynolds number crude oil sequential transportation pipeline.

Leak detection systems in oil and gas fields

The article is devoted to a review of methodological approaches to the localization and detection of liquid and gas leaks when using pipelines in oil and gas fields. The relevance of the issue is explained by the fact that a significant number of incidents that negatively affect the activities of oil and gas companies occur in connection with the leakage of resources in oil and gas fields. The purpose of the study is to present the state of the art of modern acoustic and infrared methods used to detect liquid and gas leaks in oil and gas fields. The author used various classifications to analyze the characteristics of the methods, allowing them to be divided into active and passive; acoustic, optical, electrical, and chemical systems methods; permanently installed and mobile liquid and gas leak detection systems. Among the considered methods for detecting liquid and gas leaks in oil and gas fields, acoustic and infrared methods are the most effective; they can be quite easily integrated into an existing liquid and gas leak detection system. Infrared and acoustic methods can also be used on pipelines, with the latter being used more often than infrared methods due to the fact that they cover very long pipelines using pinpoint liquid and gas leak detectors in oil and gas fields. More advanced concepts for leak detection systems in oil and gas fields involve a combination of several methods, for example, the study reflected the specificity of combining a magnetic and ultrasonic sensor for detecting liquid and gas leaks in oil and gas fields. Although innovative concepts continue to be developed, some oil and gas enterprises still employ methods based on manual human labor which includes examining and sampling the contents of pipelines. In conclusion, it was noted that at the present stage the practical application of several methods simultaneously in the system for detecting liquid and gas leaks in oil and gas fields is required, since each of them individually has significant disadvantages for oil and gas enterprises, which can be offset by an appropriate combination of existing methods.

Acoustic scattering characteristics of underwater buried oil pipeline

With the development of offshore oil resources, subsea oil pipelines have emerged. As a fast, economical, and safe way to transport oil resources, subsea pipelines are known as the “lifeline” of offshore oil projects. However, the detection of submarine pipelines is very difficult due to the complex underwater environment. One of the mainstream methods to detect submarine pipelines is the employment of sonar. Hence, the acoustic scattering characteristics of submarine pipelines play an important role in detecting themselves. In this study, the acoustic scattering model of the buried pipeline is established using the finite element method, and the scattering mechanism of the buried pipeline is analyzed. The effects of different frequencies, grazing angles, burial depth, and other factors on the acoustic scattering characteristics of the buried pipeline are investigated, providing the reference significance for detecting submarine pipelines.

Corrosion of welding reinforcement height under dynamic conditions

The presence of welding reinforcement height (WRH) within oil and gas pipelines can lead to micro-turbulence in localized areas during transportation, resulting in corrosion failure. This study employed a modular reconstruction method to simulate and reconstruct X80 steel welded joints, and investigated the erosion-corrosion behavior at the WRH using wire beam microelectrode, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and computational fluid dynamics simulations. The results show that the galvanic current density (GCD) in the weld metal exhibits cathodic behavior, while the GCD in the base metal and heat-affected zone shows anodic behavior. The top of WRH is susceptible to corrosion failure. As the radius of WRH increases, the corrosion rate also increases. Additionally, the corrosion rate increases similarly with an increase in flow velocity. The galvanic corrosion intensity factor (g) is 0.24, and the local corrosion is moderate. This work has scientific significance in ensuring the long-term safe operation of pipelines and reducing the risk of corrosion failure.

Safe and Secure Oil and Gas Pipeline Transportation System Based on Industrial Internet of Things

Safe and Secure Oil and Gas Pipeline Transportation System Based on Industrial Internet of Things

Preliminary corrosion prevention of microbiologically induced corrosion in high producer main oil pipelines to hinder reoccurrence leak

Microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC) is a prominent issue in high-producer main oil lines (MOL) despite the stringent mechanical and chemical treatment due to Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Monthly corrosion monitoring shows the number of bacteria on the pig body and in seawater remains significant. The investigation corresponds with the dormancy and duplication of SRB retains in siloes due to uncontrolled parameters such as injection schedule and the ideal biocide dosage. While investigating and predicting the resistant bacteria that may threaten the pipeline is an attractive discussion, modelling the corrosion mitigation using a corrosion test is equally essential to predict the effectiveness of biocides. Biocide performance was evaluated in a few test solutions from two locations in one of the well-established oil company producers in northwest Java. The corresponding time-kill test using Tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) adheres to NACE TM- 0194 (2014) standard to obtain the optimum biocide dosing of the bacteria solution. Biofilm and micro-pitting were identified by evaluating the blank and 1000 μg/L 60% THPS solutions using a Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM). Based on the time kill test, the inactive bacteria in dormancy after injection 500 μg/L and 1000 μg/L THPS 60%. The wheel corrosion test shows ineffective injection increases chemical acidity and corrosion rate. The SEM result confirms the time-kill test and indicates the possible sessile bacteria and biotic pitting. This work exemplifies the comprehensive engagement between the field operation and experimental work to quicken the MIC analysis and recommend a viable strategy for the parameter field variation.

Energy-efficient routing protocol for reliable low-latency Internet of Things in oil and gas pipeline monitoring.

The oil and gas industries (OGI) are the primary global energy source, with pipelines as vital components for OGI transportation. However, pipeline leaks pose significant risks, including fires, injuries, environmental harm, and property damage. Therefore, maintaining an effective pipeline maintenance system is critical for ensuring a safe and sustainable energy supply. The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a cutting-edge technology for efficient OGI pipeline leak detection. However, deploying IoT in OGI monitoring faces significant challenges due to hazardous environments and limited communication infrastructure. Energy efficiency and fault tolerance, typical IoT concerns, gain heightened importance in the OGI context. In OGI monitoring, IoT devices are linearly deployed with no alternative communication mechanism available along OGI pipelines. Thus, the absence of both communication routes can disrupt crucial data transmission. Therefore, ensuring energy-efficient and fault-tolerant communication for OGI data is paramount. Critical data needs to reach the control center on time for faster actions to avoid loss. Low latency communication for critical data is another challenge of the OGI monitoring environment. Moreover, IoT devices gather a plethora of OGI parameter data including redundant values that hold no relevance for transmission to the control center. Thus, optimizing data transmission is essential to conserve energy in OGI monitoring. This article presents the Priority-Based, Energy-Efficient, and Optimal Data Routing Protocol (PO-IMRP) to tackle these challenges. The energy model and congestion control mechanism optimize data packets for an energy-efficient and congestion-free network. In PO-IMRP, nodes are aware of their energy status and communicate node's depletion status timely for network robustness. Priority-based routing selects low-latency routes for critical data to avoid OGI losses. Comparative analysis against linear LEACH highlights PO-IMRP's superior performance in terms of total packet transmission by completing fewer rounds with more packet's transmissions, attributed to the packet optimization technique implemented at each hop, which helps mitigate network congestion. MATLAB simulations affirm the effectiveness of the protocol in terms of energy efficiency, fault-tolerance, and low latency communication.