Pipeline Damage Research Articles

Evaluation of Cumulative Damage and Safety of Large-Diameter Pipelines under Ultra-Small Clear Distance Multiple Blasting Using Non-Electric and Electronic Detonators

The safety assessment and control of large-diameter pipelines under tunnel blasting at ultrasmall clear distances is a significant problem faced in construction. However, there has been no reference case for the quantitative comparison of the disturbance degree of surrounding rock by using two blasting schemes of non-electric detonator design and electronic detonator design under a similar total blasting charge consumption. In this study, the blasting test was carried out based on the engineering background of drilling and blasting methods to excavate the tunnel under the water pipeline at a close distance. The peak particle velocity (PPV), stress, and deformation responses of the pipeline under the two construction methods of non-electric and electronic detonators were comparatively analyzed. The PPV can be remarkably reduced by 64.2% using the hole-by-hole initiation of the electronic detonators. For the large-diameter pipeline, the PPV on the blasting side was much larger than that on the opposite side because the blasting seismic wave propagated a longer distance and attenuated more rapidly, owing to its greater cavity vibration reduction effect. The PPV of the electronic detonators decayed more slowly than that of the non-electric detonators. The cumulative damage caused by consecutive hole-by-hole blasting using electronic detonators was less than that caused by simultaneous multi-hole initiation using non-electric detonators, with a reduction of about 50.5%. When the nearest peripheral holes away from the pipeline are detonated, the cumulative damage variable D and damage range increase rapidly. The PPV, dynamic tensile strength, and cumulative damage variables were used to evaluate the safety of the pipelines.

UV/thermal dual-cured MWCNTs composites for pipeline rehabilitation: Mechanical properties and damage analysis

Deformation and damage in underground pipelines remain challenging to monitor over the long term due to sensor degradation caused by corrosive substances present in the pipelines. This study investigates the potential of incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into ultraviolet-cured-in-place pipe (UV-CIPP) material, a widely adopted trenchless repair technique, to enhance performance and enable deformation monitoring. A UV/thermal dual-curing strategy is introduced to mitigate the significant reduction in light transmittance caused by the inclusion of MWCNTs in the composite material. The addition of MWCNTs led to a 94.86 % reduction in light transmittance through glass fibers. However, this issue was effectively resolved through the incorporation of thermal curing, allowing for the production of ultra-high-strength composites using only three layers of fibers within a short curing time. Under optimal conditions (0.2 wt% MWCNTs with the impregnation layer on top), the flexural strength and modulus reached 442.75 MPa and 15.58 GPa, respectively, marking improvements of 14.01 % and 45.2 % over the base material. Additionally, the hardness on the composite's backside increased by 10.95 % compared to the front, indicating enhanced reinforcement. The tensile strength of braided glass fibers improved by 42.31 % and 197.54 % with the addition of 0.2 wt% and 1.0 wt% MWCNTs, respectively. Failure modes varied based on the location of the sensing layer, but all specimens eventually failed due to resin cracking, delamination of the MWCNTs-impregnated layer, and fiber fractures. The UV/thermal dual-cured composite material developed for pipeline rehabilitation in this study exhibits ultra-high strength and shows significant potential for multifunctional sensing applications.

Techno-economic design and placement tool for energy recovering pressure regulating turbines in water distribution systems

Water distribution systems present poor energy efficiency due to the significant amount of energy that dissipates in the form of excess water pressure. Besides energy losses, excess pressure increases water losses due to leakages and may result in pipeline damage. The employment of micro-turbines that concurrently harness excess energy and achieve pressure management is proposed by many researchers as potential replacements to the currently used pressure reduction valves. This work relies on previous work that determines the optimal design and operating point of such turbines integrated in the power distribution system, in order to develop an algorithm that considers the economic viability of such projects. The suggested algorithm has been applied to a simulated large-scale WDS in Kentucky that contains several locations where pressure regulation is currently performed or planned due to immense local pressure. Involving the economic viability of pressure regulating turbines within the design optimization process improves pay-back period and levelized cost of energy by more than 10 % and 20 %, respectively, compared to when their design is optimized solely for pressure regulation and maximum energy yield. The application of this approach to a typical WDS allowed more than 161 MWh/year of clean energy to be produced.

Study on the Rules of Ground Settlement and Pipeline Deformation Considering the Combined Effects of Pipeline Damage Leakage and Shield Tunneling Construction

A pipeline with long-term “hidden leakage” will greatly reduce the stability of the ground between the pipeline and tunnel in the process of tunneling through existing pipelines in unsaturated soil. Excessive settlement of the surrounding strata and pipelines can occur when the shield excavation face approaches below a pipeline, which can lead to engineering accidents. This study is based on a self-developed model experimental system for tunneling through an existing pipeline with a double-line tunnel shield. The ground settlement and pipeline deformation caused by shield construction with small-scale and no leakages are investigated. An experimental study is conducted and the accuracy of the results is verified through a comparison with theoretical solutions. The results demonstrate that there is a significant increase in ground settlement and pipeline deformation under the influence of leakage water. It is also determined that the displacement field generated by the excavation of a double-line tunnel is not simply a superposition of the displacement field generated by the excavation of a single-line tunnel. The repeated disturbances caused by the excavation of a double-line tunnel significantly influences the redistribution of the displacement field. Additionally, a three-dimensional (3D) model of shield construction considering the influence of pipeline leakage is established. This study discusses the ground settlement and pipeline deformation patterns caused by changes in the vertical and horizontal leakage diffusion ranges. The computational results indicate that the diffusion depth of a leakage is the primary factor controlling the extent of settlement.

Seismic retrofit optimization of water distribution systems based on the reduction of uncertain damage scenarios

Pre-event interventions, such as retrofit of critical components, are effective strategies to improve the seismic performance and resilience of infrastructure systems. This paper proposes a damage scenario reduction method aims to reduce the computation burden within the seismic retrofit optimization for water distribution systems (WDSs) considering the uncertain damages of pipelines. The optimization framework consists of a multi-objective optimization model for WDS pipeline retrofit and a sequential optimization model for the reduction of uncertain damage scenarios. The multi-objective optimization model is established to minimize the retrofit cost and maximize the seismic performance of WDS. The sequential optimization model, namely weighted optimization-based probabilistic scenarios (OPS + W), was designed to mitigate the computational burden of the multi-objective optimization model, which arises from considering pipeline damage uncertainties through quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) sampling that generates numerous damage scenarios. The OPS + W selects a few representative damage scenarios from numerous QMC scenarios, aiming to minimize the error of pipeline damage probabilities counted by the representative scenarios, where the error is weighted by the importance of pipeline. The effectiveness of OPS + W is verified through its application in seismic retrofit optimization of two WDS cases and compared with other scenario reduction methods. Application results reveal that the retrofit strategies derived from OPS + W have the highest similarity to those obtained from QMC scenarios while requiring only 3 %–10 % of the computation time compared to using QMC scenarios.

Bioremediation of contaminated soil by crude oil of Baiji refinery by extraction of the local dominant bacteria

Abstract In most communities, soil contamination is a problem as it affects people and the environment. Because oil spills on soil substantially impact the environment, accidental infusions and spills of ore oils frequently result in a complete or partial exchange of the soil pore fluid by oil-contaminated soils, altering the geotechnical engineering characteristics. Therefore, efficiently removing petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants from contaminated soil is urgently needed. A novel technique that is gaining popularity worldwide to clean up places polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons is known as bioremediation. This study browser the fundamental processes involved in bioremediation and removal efficiency of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) within different periods for (the Baiji refinery) which is polluted with crude oil as a result of numerous oil wells, oil drilling, pipeline, and storage tank damage, natural seepage, and spills during the conflict and Noory channel which content crude oil, waste of refinery process and sludge. The research aims to extract the dominant bacteria in the contaminated soil and use the last in bioremediation and find out the differences in its effectiveness in treating total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) later. The result indicates that the dominant bacteria are Stutzerimonas balearica and Bacillus subtilis which are used later in bioremediation and can digest TPH. The removal efficiency of TPH during the study period was 55, 65, 68, 78, 82, 85, and 92% for spilled samples and 50, 62, 66, 70, 80, 84, and 90% for the Noory channel, respectively.

Experimental Verification on Deep Learning based Monitoring Algorithms for Early Detection of Damage in Buried Pipelines

Recent increases in buried pipeline damage accidents due to third-party interference have significantly heightened attention towards buried pipeline monitoring. Especially, as the sudden damage can lead to large-scale leakage, there is a necessity for preemptive response and maintenance. However, the application of a structural health monitoring approach is difficult, since the extensive network of buried pipelines, stretching over thousands of kilometers, exhibits diverse noise environments and propagation characteristics. As a result, challenges within the buried pipeline system frequently lead to damages being overlooked. In this study, introduces a deep learning-based pipeline damage monitoring algorithm, specifically designed to early detection of accidents caused by third-party interference. This algorithm integrates a CNN-based anomaly detection model, advanced signal processing for data preprocessing, and TDoA-based source localization. The training and test data set are the acquisition under completely independent conditions, which has been experimentally validate for applicability across various environments for buried pipelines. Moreover, both the training and test dataset acquisition were performed using accelerometers on in-service buried pipelines, each with diameters of 1,100 mm, 1,200 mm, and 2,200 mm, extending over lengths ranging from approximately 200 to 500 meters. Despite the independent conditions of the datasets, our study yielded over 95% accuracy in early detection, with the results being in good agreement with the actual excavate locations.

Research on damage assessment of buried pipelines with circular dent defects subjected to blast loading

In order to evaluate the damage characteristics of buried natural gas pipelines with circular dent defects subjected to blast loading, based on pressure–impulse damage theory, explosion experiment and numerical simulations were implemented to evaluate the damage of a natural gas with circular dent defects buried in soil under blast loading in this research. The ALE method was used to develop a coupled pipeline-soil simulation model using LS-DYNA software, and the validity of the established model was verified correctly compared with experimental results and empirical theory equations calculations. Furthermore, according to regulations in the Assessment and Management of Pipeline Dents (American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 1183), the effect with different circular dent defect diameter on the mechanical properties of natural gas was also investigated and analysed. The results showed that, under the blast loading, plastic deformation happened on the surfaces of the pipeline facing the explosive, and the high-stress zone appeared in the circumferential direction with 32.27°. The range of the high-stress zone firstly expanded along the axial direction of the pipelines and then along the circumferential direction. The larger diameter of the circular dent defects had, which resulted in a failure at the defects under the condition of the depth of the defects keeping constant. The effect of the size of defect diameter on the amount of pipeline deformation was further investigated, and the mathematical formula described the maximum plastic deformation with different defect diameter was established. Meanwhile, a finite element model of pipeline with a diameter of 457 mm was established for numerical analysis, which implied that the larger diameter of pipeline with the same defect had, the lower risk of pipeline in failure subjected to blast loading had. And through mathematical analysis and considering the feasibility of the actual situation, the curve described the maximum plastic deformation of the natural gas pipeline with three different defects varying in diameter were established respectively. In addition, a formula to express the relationship between pipeline defect diameter and maximum plastic deformation was established, which can effectively predict the critical plastic dent deformation of pipelines with different defect diameter subjected to blast loading. Besides, based on the pressure-pulse damage theory and with the damage assessment criterion of dent depth–dent length ratio of 0.072, the pressure–impulse diagrams of buried natural gas pipelines with defect diameters of 30 mm, 40 mm and 50 mm were defined, which can be used to predict the damage of pipelines with different defect diameters. Moreover, with the pressure–impulse damage evaluation curves, mathematical formula for the buried natural gas pipeline with the circular defects were established. Furthermore, the critical circular defect diameters with 30 mm was confirmed and the unique formula was also established, which could be effectively used to evaluate the safety of buried natural gas pipelines with the critical circular defects.

Design of intelligent pipeline detection and cleaning robot

Abstract This design focuses on the field of intelligent pipeline cleaning, and proposes a design scheme for an intelligent household multi-functional pipeline cleaning robot that can realize multiple functions such as damage monitoring, cleaning and repair for different pipeline structures and internal multi-physical environments. It is equipped with integrated systems such as visual recognition, pressure sensors, robotic arms, underwater gimbals, and telescopic devices, and has functions such as pipeline cleaning, turbine pushing, crawler crawling, and damage monitoring.

An integrated framework for sand handling in wellbore and surface facilities

Sand production affects over 70% of the oil and gas wells in the world. At higher production rates, the collision of the produced sand particles on the pipelines and fittings at an increased speed leads to material erosion. Over time, as the well's production rate decreases, sand deposition occurs in the wellbore when the fluid velocity drops below a threshold velocity for sand transport. Erosion can lead to equipment damage, and sand deposition can cause blockage. The oil and gas industries spend millions of dollars to control sand production. Such control techniques reduce production rates, thereby reducing cash flow. Alternatively, the co-production of sand and oil can increase the production rate and provide economic benefits if the risk and extent of sand production problems are minimized. Sand management techniques can be employed to determine the operating conditions under which production is high while the risks due to sand production problems are minimal. We developed a framework that integrates models of sand transport, erosion rate, and sand settling characteristics to tackle three major problems related to sand production: sand deposition in wellbores, erosional damage of pipelines and fittings, and sand accumulation in the surface facilities. This framework, SEAD (Sand Erosion, Accumulation, and Deposition), is implemented in a simulation environment to model sand production problems using the fluid properties from a wellbore simulation and user-defined solid properties. We employed the framework to study the effects of varying solid, fluid, and flow properties for different pipe orientations, fittings, and surface facilities as case studies. The results confirm that the risk of sand deposition is high for flow in horizontal pipes, and the erosion rate is high for the fittings such as tee, elbow, and choke. The framework was used to determine the operability range of a hypothetical wellbore to minimize sand deposition, erosion, and accumulation. The hypothetical wellbore produces fluid containing 10.5 m3/h of oil, 15 m3/h of water, and 4.5 m3/h of gas at 75 °C and 200 bar, and carrying 0.01 vol% sand of size 150 μm. Maintaining the production rate of the wellbore between 28 m3/h and 64 m3/h ensures at least 90% sand transport probability (STP) and keeps the erosion rate below 0.1 mm/year. It also keeps the sand accumulation in the separator over a week less than 5% of the separator height, which can be removed with weekly clean-ups.

Corrosion segmentation method of concrete drainage pipes based on point transformer

Deep learning based Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) image detection has achieved remarkable accuracy in identifying and segmenting concrete pipeline damages. However, the lack of in-depth information and requirement for large amounts of training data are two major drawbacks. Therefore, this study proposes a point cloud data segmentation method that incorporates depth information to address the issue of insufficient training data for depth models, enabling efficient and accurate segmentation. Firstly, 3D simulation technology is employed to construct a simulation dataset. Secondly, an optimized point transformation model is established to identify and segment the point cloud data. The proposed method achieved a test accuracy of 94.36 % by optimizing the network structure and the training strategy. The Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU) increased by 3.62 % and 10.3 %, respectively, compared with the classic PointNet++ and before adding simulation data, reaching 86.31 %. These results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits high precision defect detection capability on three-dimensional point clouds of drainage pipelines.

Fragility assessment for process pipelines in flood events through physically-based hazard response analysis

Natech events triggered by floods have occurred frequently, resulting in physical damage to process equipment and subsequent releases of hazardous substances, threatening the operational safety of the process industry. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct flood fragility assessments on typical process equipment, such as storage tanks and process pipelines. Compared to storage tank, there are relatively few flood risk analysis methods applicable to process pipelines, and there is a lack of dedicated fragility models to quantify the probability of pipeline damage in flood hazard scenarios. Thus, this paper develops a process pipeline fragility model to support the quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of flood-induced Natech events more comprehensively. This model simultaneously considers the structural physical damage caused by internal pressure and external load in the pipeline and establishes the limit state equation (LSE) corresponding to the failure mode. On this basis, parametric fragility functions are trained using Monte Carlo simulations and logistic regression. A pipeline case is used to test the proposed fragility functions, and the results show that the fitted parameterized fragility model can sensitively capture changes in the failure probability curve caused by hazard intensity and pipeline characteristics changes. The proposed pipeline fragility model is applied to a composite area of pipelines and storage tanks, accurately assessing the failure probability of different types of pipelines in flood scenarios.

Leakage characteristics of plug flow in the case of pipe leakage

AbstractIn order to study the changes in two‐phase flow parameters after pipeline damage and the impact of gas injection on water leakage from damaged pipelines, experimental and simulation studies were conducted on the damaged pipelines. The main objective is to compare the void fraction in intact and damaged states and to investigate the factors influencing and variations in gas–liquid leakage flow rates. The results show that increasing the liquid superficial velocity can reduce the difference in void fraction distribution caused by different damage directions. The leakage flow rate is affected by the direction of damage and the superficial velocity of the respective phase. It has been discovered that gas injection in the pipeline can make it easier to find small‐area pipeline damage. The change rate of the volume void fraction shows different changes with the increase in gas proportion in different directions; the shape of the bubble has no bearing on this change.

Study on the influence of water supply and drainage pipeline damage on urban silt ground collapse

Underground drainage pipelines play crucial roles in urban construction and development. Over time, these pipelines may incur damage and leakage due to aging and changes in surrounding loads. Ruptures and leaks in pipelines can lead to water seepage through cracks, resulting in erosion of surrounding soil layers and the formation of underground cavities. The loss of support in the soil above these cavities can lead to structural instability and eventual ground collapse. Such collapses can disrupt urban transportation systems, leading to significant social and economic consequences. This study specifically investigates ground collapse phenomena resulting from damage to drainage pipelines in silty soil within the Yellow River flood area in Zhengzhou City. By considering the influence of seepage velocity at the damaged pipeline section, the study differentiates between seepage erosion and scour erosion, conducting theoretical analyses and calculations for each scenario. The results show that ① when the surrounding area of the pipeline is damaged and the slow seepage rate causes a change in the critical groundwater level ΔH ≥ (Lσt )/((1 – n)γw), the soil around the pipeline will be damaged by seep erosion; ② when the water flow velocity at the damaged area of the pipeline is reached V 0 = 2λ(γs – γw )a 2 B 2/(9μ(B 2 – b 2)), the water flow impacts the soil and causes erosion damage. The critical pressure within the pipeline can be derived from the stress state where the pipeline is damaged P1=ρ2[2λ(γs−γw)a2B2/(9μ(B2−b2))] ; ③ the underground cavity formed by water flow erosion is assumed to be an “soil arch.” The stress analysis on it obtains the critical span of the “soil arch” when the “soil arch” is damaged 2b = [2c(H + h) + Kaγ(H + h)2 tan φ – P]/(H + h/3). This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the management of silty ground collapse in the Yellow River flood area.

Finite-Element Modeling of the Temperature Effect on Extended Avalanche Damage of Gas Main Pipelines.

The dynamic stress-strain state and fracture of a steel main gas pipe section between supports with a straight-through crack was analyzed with consideration of the temperature effect on changes in the mechanical properties of the pipe material. The numerical solution of the problem was implemented in the ANSYS-19.2/Explicit Dynamics software package. The process of fracture in a section of the gas pipeline "Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent" with a linear crack in the temperature range of -40 °C to +50 °C at the operating pressure of 7.5 MPa and critical pressure equal to 9.8 MPa was considered. As a result, it was found that at the initial growth of the internal pressure from working pressure to critical pressure, the length of the crack doubled. At the same time, the process had a local characteristic. Further development of the crack had the nature of avalanche fracture and depended on the temperature of the steel pipeline. With increasing temperature, there was also an increase in the length of the crack at the avalanche fracture. Thus, at a temperature of 40 °C, the crack lengthened 67.75-fold; at a temperature of -10 °C, the crack lengthened 68-fold; at a temperature of +20 °C, the crack lengthened 68.25-fold; and at a temperature of +50 °C, the crack lengthened 68.5-fold. In this work, this difference was 75% of the initial crack length. This fact will be used for further development of the technique of strengthening damaged pipe sections using bandages.

Pipeline damage identification in nuclear industry using a particle swarm optimization-enhanced machine learning approach

The safety of nuclear industry pipelines is of paramount importance due to their vulnerability to damage from a variety of environmental factors. Ultrasonic guided wave inspection technology presents advantages such as high efficiency, low cost, and convenience, making it a widely adopted method for detecting damage in pipelines. However, the propagation of guided waves and the sensitivity of piezoelectric sensors can be significantly affected by environmental and operational conditions, leading to interference with damage identification. To address this challenge, we propose a robust machine learning-based method for identifying pipeline damage. Our approach integrates a model that comprises a particle swarm optimization-enhanced bidirectional gated recurrent unit-attention mechanism. Leveraging the attention mechanism, our method allocates more attention to significant feature dimensions, highlighting the influence of critical damage features in the identification process. Experimental tests of our model on a nuclear industry circulating water cooling pipeline demonstrate its efficacy in identifying pipeline damage under varying temperature and pressure conditions. Our proposed model outperforms other data-driven models, such as gated recurrent networks, long short-term memory, and bidirectional gated recurrent networks. Specifically, our model achieved an increase in accuracy of 2.2%, indicating the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed method.

Diagnosis of early creep degradation in 12Cr1MoVG steel based on a hybrid magnetic NDE approach

Accurate identification of microstructural degradation that occurs prior to crack coalescence and growth is crucial for continuous online monitoring of creep damage in main stream pipelines. The magnetic non-destructive testing technique is well-established for quantitative property measurement of creep degradation in steels. During the interrupted creep of 12Cr1MoVG steel at 580 ℃ and 110 MPa, the magnetic properties of crept specimens were evaluated using a combination of magnetic hysteresis loop and Barkhausen noise techniques, the microstructural evolution was also examined by means of scanning electron microscopy combined with EBSD method. The microscopic coercive force and Barkhausen noise characteristic values were chosen as the main parameters of diagnosis, as the most sensitive to the microstructural evolution such as dislocations, precipitates and voids, reflects the changes in material condition indicative of early degradation. Besides, these magnetic signatures even can identify the locations that potentially susceptible to future creep damage in the material, which were validated by microhardness measurement, grain misorientation and dislocation density distributions. It suggested that this work could be used as the technical basis for proactive management of material early degradation in the steam pipelines.

Research on Deformation Characteristics of Pipelines Under Landslide Action

Landslide disasters often occur along oil and gas pipelines, seriously affecting the safety of oil and gas transportation. Therefore, it is urgent to study the deformation and damage characteristics of pipelines under landslide disaster conditions. This article takes oil and gas pipelines under landslide disaster conditions as the research object, and based on numerical simulation methods, focuses on the influence of different landslide parameters on pipeline deformation and damage. The research results indicate that the length, width, height, and slope of landslides, as well as the relative position of pipeline landslides, have a significant impact on pipeline deformation and damage; When the oil and gas pipeline is laid in the middle of the landslide, the response of pipeline deformation and failure to slope sliding is most significant; The prediction results of the pipeline landslide geological hazard warning model are highly consistent with the original data and have wide applicability. The research results are of great significance for monitoring and evaluating geological hazards of pipeline landslides, and reducing the risk of geological hazards of pipeline landslides in the monitoring area.

Design and motion mechanism analysis of screw-driven in-pipe inspection robot based on novel adapting mechanism

AbstractIn the pipeline industry, it is often necessary to monitor cracks and damage in pipelines, or need to clean the inside of the pipeline regularly, or collect adhesive on the inner wall of the pipe, but the pipe is too narrow and difficult for humans to enter, it is necessary to use a pipe machine to complete the work. In this paper, a newly designed screw-driven in-pipe inspection robot (IPIR) is proposed. Compared with common robots, this robot innovatively designs adapting mechanism. The robot can not only adapt to the change of the inner diameter size of the pipeline by using the bionic principle and the deformation characteristics of flexible components but also can pass smoothly in the horizontal/oblique/vertical pipelines and has a certain ability to cross obstacles. In addition, it can transmit images of the inner wall of the pipeline wirelessly for data analysis. Finally, through theoretical analysis and prototype construction, the performance of the robot is verified. The results show that the prototype robot can not only smoothly pass through the acrylic pipe with inner diameter of 120–138 mm but also pass through boss with a height of 3 mm.

Study on the effect of tunneling and secondary grouting on the deformation of existing pipelines in bedrock raised strata

Shield crossing the bedrock raised strata easily leads to large deformation of the soil, resulting in deformation and damage of the upper pipelines. To investigate the law of pipeline deformation caused by shield underpassing in bedrock raised strata, the changes in the action range of the additional thrust of the cutter head (p1), the friction resistance of the shield shell (p2), and the additional grouting force (p3) were analysed. A convergence model of the excavation face suitable for bedrock raised strata was proposed. The calculation formula of soil displacement at the axis of the pipeline was derived by using Mindlin’s solution and stochastic medium theory. The solutions of the vertical displacement, bending moment and strain of the pipeline were obtained by the energy variational method and the principle of minimum potential energy. Pipeline deformation analysis and reliability verification were carried out by an engineering case in Hangzhou, China. The influence of bedrock distribution and secondary grouting behind the pipe wall on pipeline deformation was studied. The results show that the calculated results are similar to the measured data with a high degree of coincidence, and the degree of agreement is higher compared to the existing method. When the shield tunneling direction is well controlled, the settlement and bending moment of the pipeline caused by the shield crossing the raised bedrock stratum will be reduced, and the reduction increases with increasing bedrock length and intrusion depth. The secondary grouting behind the pipe wall can reduce the settlement of the pipe line, but it is necessary to reasonably control the three parameters of grouting amount per unit length (Vinj), grouting ring length (Lh), and grouting ring angle (δ). Lh should not be too long and can be controlled below 30 m, δ should be controlled within 60°, and Vinj can be adjusted according to the deformation size of the pipeline to prevent excessive or insufficient correction.