Pink Spot Research Articles

Anti-ulcerogenic effect of banana powder ( Musa sapientum var. paradisiaca) and its effect on mucosal resistance

Orally administered banana pulp powder ( Musa sapientum var. paradisiaca) was shown to have significant anti-ulcerogenic activity in rats subjected to aspirin, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, prednisolone and cysteamine and in guinea-pigs subjected to histamine. Banana powder not only increased mucosal thickness but also significantly increased [ 3H]thymidine incorporation into mucosal DNA. Relative to untreated control sections, histological studies showed that banana treatment increased staining by alcian blue in the apical cells with staining noted in the deeper layers of the mucosal glands. Banana-treated and control sections were also stained for DNA by the Feulgen reaction. The banana-treated sections showed a greater aggregation and intensity of pink spots when compared to controls. The present study suggests that banana powder treatment not only strengthens mucosal resistance against ulcerogens but also promotes healing by inducing cellular proliferation.

A simple and convenient method to determine the activities of antioxidants using .ALPHA.-methylindole reagent and high-performance thin-layer chromatography.

A convenient method to determine the antioxidative activities of chemicals by using α-methylindole (MI) reagent in conjunction with high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is described. One μl of a mixture of 2% linolenic acid and test sample in ethanol solution was applied to a thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) plate and peroxidized at 80°C for 20 min. The lipid peroxides which were produced from the linolenic acid on TLC were detected as pink spots by spraying MI reagent and were measured at 557 nm with a TLC densitometer.When the test samples showed intrinsic colors interfering with this measurement, they were separated by developing the TLC plate after spraying MI reagent. The antioxidative activity of the test sample is expressed as the amount required to inhibit the peroxidation of linolenic acid by 50%.This method is very simple and rapid. It may be useful when the test samples are available only in small amounts.

A simplified method for detection of lead contamination of soil

The rhodizonate spot test for Pb has been adapted to the detection of Pb contamination of soil. Depending upon the method of extraction chosen, Pb is detectable to 400–700 μg g −1 in the dry soil sample. Extraction is carried out by heating or shaking with nitric acid, followed by filtration. The filtrate is brought to pH 1·5 with citrate using a pH meter or an indicator. The extract is spotted on filter paper and treated with freshly prepared aqueous sodium rhodizonate. Heating extracts more Pb than shaking, but a relatively stable percentage of the Pb present is extracted by shaking for 30 s. This latter method of extraction may be used as part of a rapid, simplified procedure requiring a minimum of apparatus. Use of citrate for pH adjustment eliminates the problem of crystallisation encountered with tartarate, as specified in the original procedure. Soil extracts with pH < 1 showed rapid fading of the pink Pb-rhodizonate spot, and those with pH > 3 gave the intense yellow colour of free rhodizonate, which tended to obscure the pink Pb-rhodizonate colour. Differences in the effect of heating and the effect of extraction time on Pb and Fe levels were observed, with Pb more readily extracted than Fe. Use of extracts with low levels of Fe made possible visual endpoint detection for the adjustment of pH. Using the shaken extraction method with a series of 107 samples, positive results were obtained for 82 samples with > 700 μg Pb g −1, negative results for 10 samples with < 400 μg Pb g −1 and mixed results for 15 samples in the range 400–700 μg Pb g −1. Selection of a cutoff value of 500 μg Pb g −1 eliminated false negative results in a pilot screening trial of 38 samples prepared by the heated extraction method.

"Pink spots" in formalin-fixed brains--poor fixation or bacterial byproduct?

Circumscribed pink areas 0.3-1.0 cm in diameter seen in deeper parts of otherwise well-fixed brains are usually ascribed to inadequate fixation. Twenty-three patients with pink areas in their fixed brains had evidence of inflammation in at least one organ. Blood vessels in the pink areas contained bacteria. Postmortem cultures identified the organisms in 16 cases. Gram-negative bacteria were the most common. Sharply delineated pink areas in well-fixed brains correlate with postmortem intravascular growth of bacteria.

Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of carbapenem antibiotics in fermentation broths

A one-dimensional silica gel thin-layer chromatographic method has been devised for qualitative and quantitative analysis of carbapenem antibiotics in fermentation broths. The antibiotics were extracted from the broth filtrate with a solvent mixture of 1-butanol and chloroform (1:1) and developed on a silica gel thin-layer plate with a mobile phase of acetonitrile—0.75% acetic acid (9:2). Carbapenem compounds on the thin-layer plate were visualized as reddish pink spots with the Ehrlich reagent and quantitated by densitometry.

Effects of lowered temperatures on rat pulp and gingivae

The histologic appearance of pulp and interdental papilla was observed for 2 months after cryosurgery of dental tissues in the molar region of twelve Colworth-Wistar rats. The reduction in temperature achieved was also calculated from thermocouples in the pulp chamber of freshly killed animals. Reduction to −13° C. in 1 1 2 minutes was followed by destruction of the odontoblast layer and fibrosis of the pulp. Destruction of the epithelium was followed by regeneration and was characterized by a sterile inflammatory reaction. Cryotherapy is suggested to be a useful alternative to standard gingivectomy, especially in patients with blood dyscrasias, and may also be used to treat internal resorption or “pink spot.”

Heptachlor: toxicity to and uptake by several estuarine organisms.

Technical-grade heptachlor (65% heptachlor, 22% trans-chlordane, 2% cis-chlordane, and 2% nonachlor) was tested in 96-hr bioassays to determine its toxicity to estuarine animals. The test organisms and the 96-hr LC50 or EC50s based on measured concentrations in water) are as follows: American oyster (Crassostrea virginica), 1.5 mug/liter; pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum), 0.11 mug/liter; grass shrimp (Palaemonetes vulgaris), 1.06 mug/liter; sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), 3.68 mug/liter; pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides), 3.77 mug/liter; and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), 0.85 mug/liter. Analytical-grade heptachlor (99.8% heptachlor) and heptachlor epoxide (99%) were also studied. The analytical-grade heptachlor 96-hr LC50 for pink shrimp and spot was 0.03 mug/liter and 0.86 mug/liter, respectively, while that for pink shrimp exposed to heptachlor epoxide was 0.04 mug/liter. Heptachlor was accumulated and some metabolized to its epoxide by all animals tested. Fish and oysters accumulated heptachlor in their tissues 2,800-21,300 times the measured concentration in water; shrimp, only 200-700 times.

The metabolism of chlorpromazine and promethazine to give new 'pink spots'.

1. The 'pink spots' observed in the in vivo and in vitro metabolism of chlorpromazine and promethazine were identified as N-oxidation products of 2-chlorophenothiazine and phenothizaine,, respectively. 2. Incubations of the latter two compounds with fortified hepatic fractions from rabbit and guinea-pig gave the corresponding hydroxylamines, the nitroxides which were purplish-pink and gave characteristic e.s.r. signals, and the N-hydroperoxides which were the major pink compounds and gave no e.s.r. signals. Each hydroxylamine was readily oxidized to an N-hydroperoxide in air and the latter readily reduced back in solution to the corresponding hydroxylamine by ascorbic acid. 3. The synthesis, chemical properties and the i.r., u.v., n.m.r., e.s.r., and mass spectra of the above compounds, their sulphoxides and phenothiazine-N-peroxides are reported.

The metabolism of chlorpromazine and promethazine to give new "pink spots". Proposals for the mechanisms involved.

Mechanisms are proposed for the removal, during metabolism, of the aminoalkyl side chain from chlorpromazine and promethazine and for the subsequent formation of nitroxides, N-hydroperoxides, N-oxyhydroperoxides and hydroxylamines from the phenothiazine nuclei.

Color-Specific Reagent for Identification and Semiquantitation of Pyrethrins and Piperonyl Butoxide by Thin Layer Chromatography

Abstract A color-specific reagent, a mixture of phosphoric, tannic, and acetic acids and acetone, has been adapted for the thin layer chromatographic identification and quantitation of pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide in pesticide formulations. Approximately 1 μg of either pyrethrin or piperonyl butoxide can be detected as pink and blue spots, respectively, in aerosol and solid formulations.

A diacetylmonoxime-thiosemicarbazide spray reagent for the detection of urea in urine

A pink spot is revealed selectively by spraying the reagent of diacetylmonoxime-thiosemicarbazide-phosphoric acid to the urea which is isolated from several urine components by either paper or thin-layer plate chromatography. After development of the chromatograms, the reagent is sprayed on the chromatograms, and then they are heated at 80°C for 30 minutes in the case of paper, or heated at 105°C for 30 minutes in the case of thin-layer plate. The identification limit of urea is 3 μg. N-Monoalkyl and N-monoaryl derivatives of urea are also detected with the reagent as pink spots at a level of 310 μg. The spray reagent is prepared by the following procedure. A thiosemicarbazide solution is prepared by dissolving 0.1 g of thiosemicarbazide in 3 ml of water by heating in a water bath and by mixing the solution with 7 ml of ethanol. A diacetylmonoxime solution is prepared by dissolving 0.3 g of diacetylmonoxime in 1 ml of ethanol and by mixing the solution with 9 ml of phosphoric acid solution which consists of 85% phosphoric acid with water in a 1 : 6 volume ratio. The thiosemicarbazide solution is mixed with the diacetylmonoxime solution, allowed to stand for 20 minutes with occasional swirling, and then filtered. The filtrate is used as the spray reagent.

Pink spot and DMPEA.

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ArticleNo AccessPink Spot and DMPEAA. PAULINE RIDGESA. PAULINE RIDGESSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.128.1.122AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail "Pink Spot and DMPEA." American Journal of Psychiatry, 128(1), p. 122 Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing Psy[email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited byThe Model Antiphon Series Primum quaerite in Hucbald’s Office In plateis and in Other Post-Carolingian Chant Volume 128Issue 1 July 1971Pages 122-122 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 April 2006 Published in print 1 July 1971

The "pink spot," 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine, common tea, and schizophrenia.

Several studies of schizophrenic and normal patients suggested a plant food dietary source for urinary 3, 4-DMPEA. The authors' study of three nonschizophrenics found this urinary amine (positively identified by mass spectrometry) present during free diet plus tea ingestion and not present during controlled diet except when tea was being ingested. They conclude that urinary 3, 4-DMPEA has an exogenous plant source and that its presence is not primarily related to schizophrenia.

The "pink spot" and schizophrenia.

The "pink spot" and schizophrenia.

TLC Identification of Four Artificial Sweeteners in Beverages: Collaborative Study

Abstract Saccharin, the cyclamates, dulcin, and P-4000, added to seven flavors of commercial beverages, can be separated and identified by TLC on silica gel, using a solvent system of butanol, ethanol, ammonia, and water. Saccharin is detected as a fluorescent spot under shortwave UV radiation. Successive spraying with solutions of bromine, fluorescein, and N-1-naphtliyl-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride reveals cyclamate as a bright pink spot, dulcin as a brownish or blue spot, and P-4000 as a brown-pink spot. Concentrations as low as 0.004% saccharin, 0.05% cyclamate, 0.03% dulcin, and 0.002% P-4000 have been detected in extracts from commercial products spiked with sweeteners. Preservatives and coloring and flavoring materials did not interfere with accurate identification. Six collaborators correctly identified three different unknown sweetener mixtures used to spike six flavors of beverages, plus one unknown of a commercially artificially sweetened beverage. Product blanks were negative for artificial sweeteners. The method is relatively simple and rapid, and t h e detection characteristics of the sweeteners, as well as their Rf values, aid in identification. The method is applicable to any one or any combination of the four sweeteners and is recommended for adoption as official first action.

Urine volume and pink spots in schizophrenia and health.

BECAUSE of conflicting reports about the occurrence of urinary constituents yielding pink colours on chromato-grams when treated with ninhydrin followed by Ehrlich's reagent, we investigated these substances excreted by schizophrenic and other psychiatric patients using two extraction procedures in parallel.

The "pink spot" in schizophrenics and its absence in homocystinurics.

In 1952 Osmond and Smythies, with Harley-Mason, suggested that schizophrenia might be due to an abnormality in the metabolism of epinephrine, by which a mescaline-like substance such as dimethoxyphenylethylamine (DMPE) might be produced by O-methylation at the third and fourth positions. It was felt then that DMPE might have “psychotomimetic properties” similar to mescaline.

A型ボツリヌス菌ラットの子宮収縮物質について

A substance stimulating contraction of the isolated rat uterus in Tyrode solution was found both in the culture supernatant and in the soluble cellular fractions of Clostridium botulinum type A by the Magnus method. The contractile substance was separated from the culture supernatant and partially purified by Dowex column chromatography and paper chromatography.This substance had a molecular weight lower than 180 and gave a pink spot (Rf value, 0.13) on the paper chromatogram run in butanol: acetic acid: water (3:1:1) by ninhydrin. It exhibited no positive reaction with diazo, Dragendorff, or Sakaguchi reagent.

Nor2chlorpromazine sulphoxide and 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine.

SEVERAL workers have found a spot isographic with 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine (DMPEA) in urine chromatograms of some schizophrenic patients but never or rarely in those of non-schizophrenic persons1–3. A metabolite of chlorpromazine (CPZ), however, noted4 to have been identified as nor2chlorpromazine Sulphoxide (N2CPSO)5, causes a spot close to or isographic with DMPEA in the chromatographic system originally used to detect the spots apparently diagnostic of schizophrenia4,5 (referred to below as system 1). If a phenothiazine metabolite caused the apparently diagnostic spots (the pink spots) the following conditions must be fulfilled. (1) The RF for the metabolite in system 1 should be almost identical to that of DMPEA because fifteen pink spots were originally studied and even a small consistent difference in RF between these spots and authentic DMPEA would have been detectable. (2) The metabolite must be isographic with DMPEA in the two-way system used by Kuehl et al.2, for they reported that certain samples found positive by Friedhoff and van Winkle showed a ninhydrin positive spot isographic with DMPEA in their system. (3) The metabolite must persist in urine after the parent drug has been stopped because all of the original patients and many of those found subsequently to have pink spots had been withdrawn from drugs for at least 2 weeks. (4) The metabolite must give a pink spot with modified Ehrlich's reagent (DABA) following ninhydrin-pyridine and a negative reaction with DABA alone because this test was applied to the original spots1. Also, an explanation must be found for the fact that material isolated from the original spots was indistinguishable from authentic DMPEA in several sensitive tests of identity1,11 and for the fact that Takesada et al., who were aware of the problem of confounding drug metabolites and particularly N2CPSO, found pink spots in the urine of schizophrenic patients and others as well5.

Pink spot as a diagnostic test in schizophrenia.

THE first report of the presence of DMPEA in the urine of schizophrenic patients1 was followed by other confirmatory2–4 and conflicting5–9 results. We have used different methods to give a better resolution of the substance. Recently a new technique for the isolation and identification of the pink spot was described10. This seems to be a specific method by which at least seven constituents of the pink spot (DMPEA being only a minor one) have been discovered.