Pink Solution Research Articles

A signal‐switchable fluorescent probe for detection of HPO42− based on 5,10,15,20‐(4‐sulphonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS4)

AbstractIn this study, 5,10,15,20‐(4‐sulphonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS4) was selected as a fluorescent probe due to its excellent characteristics including high quantum yield, good water solubility, and exceptional biocompatibility. With an excitation wavelength set at 515 nm, the optimal fluorescence emission wavelength for TPPS4 was measured at 642 nm. At this moment, the fluorescence signal of TPPS4 pink solution was in the ‘ON’ state. The fluorescence intensity of TPPS4 was quenched when ascorbic acid (AA) was introduced, which was due to the electron transfer quenching effect between AA and TPPS4. The colour of the corresponding solution changed from pink to green, and the fluorescence signal was in the ‘OFF’ state. When HPO42− was further introduced into the TPPS4–AA system, the quenched fluorescence intensity of TPPS4 was recovered due to the unique interaction between HPO42− and AA. At this time, the colour of the corresponding solution changed from green to red, and the fluorescence signal was in the ‘ON’ state. Therefore, an ‘ON–OFF–ON’ signal‐switchable fluorescent probe was constructed based on TPPS4 to detect HPO42−. The results showed that the linear range of HPO42− was 4.0 × 10−9 to 1.7 × 10−6 M, and the detection limit was 1.3 × 10−9 M (S/N = 3). The sensing system exhibited high accuracy and sensitivity, and it could be used successfully to detect HPO42− in real samples.

The placebo effect of a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution on strength endurance performance and psychological responses in trained individuals.

Background: The pink color enhances the perceived sweetness, increasing the individuals' expectation of the presence of sugar/carbohydrate in a beverage. Hence, it is plausible to speculate that providing a pink solution during exercise could induce an ergogenic benefit through a potential placebo effect. Aim: We examined whether ingesting a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution can improve endurance strength exercise performance and psychological responses. Methods: Eighteen strength-trained individuals (34 ± 7 y; 1.74 ± 0.06 m; 79.86 ± 10.91 kg) completed three experimental trials in a randomized, single-blind, crossover counterbalanced fashion. In each trial, participants performed a 5-set strength endurance test at 70% of the one-repetition maximum in the bench press exercise, interspersed by 2 min. Before each set, participants ingested either a pink (PINK) or a transparent (TRANSP) non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution. A session without ingestion (CON) was also completed. Total number of repetitions and psychological responses such as motivation, emotional arousal, affect, and ratings of perceived exertion were obtained throughout the exercise protocol. Results: Total repetitions improved in PINK (60 ± 12 reps) compared to TRANSP (p = 0.03; 56 ± 10 reps; ES = 0.22; ±3.8%) and CON (p = 0.01; 56 ± 9 reps; ES = 0.33; ±6.6%), but no difference occurred between TRANSP and CON (p = 0.84; ES = 0.12; ±2.4%). Comparable responses were observed in motivation, emotional arousal, affect, and ratings of perceived exertion in PINK, TRANSP, and CON trials (all, p > 0.05), despite the greater total physical work performed in PINK trial. Conclusion: Ingesting a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution improved strength endurance performance with comparable psychological responses. These results have implications for future nutritional studies and performance assessments in real-world sports scenarios.

Silver nanoparticles passivated with aniline and their subsequent polymerization using hematin as a catalyst

In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized via two different routes. The first route was based on the Creighton method (chemical reduction), used aniline as a passivating agent and NaBH4 as a reducing agent, and led to a green nanoparticle solution with an average particle size of 23 ​± ​11 ​nm and a plasmonic resonance with a maximum at 376 ​nm. The second route was the hydrothermal method, in which aniline was used to reduce the metal salt and stabilize the nanoparticles; this provided a pink solution of nanoparticles with an average particle size of 11 ​± ​5 ​nm, and a plasmon resonance with a maximum at 550 ​nm. Aniline was polymerized by using hematin as the catalyst, and FT-IR, RAMAN, and NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure. In addition, the PANI/AgNP composite was synthesized, and it exhibited a higher conductivity of 0.28 ​S/cm relative to that of PANI (0.05 ​S/cm).

Measuring the Facial Plate of Bone in the Upper Anterior Teeth Utilizing Cone Beam Computed Tomography at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Background and aimRadiographic assessment is an important diagnostic tool in dental practice.Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is among the most important imaging examinations. By providing multiplanar visualization of the maxillofacial region, CBCT enables practitioners to assess various conditions three-dimensionally. CBCT is utilized in different fields within dentistry, including oral and maxillofacial surgery, endodontics, orthodontics, periodontics, implant dentistry, and others. Having access to accurate 3D images is crucial in implant dentistry. This study aimed to measure the crestal bone height loss and facial alveolar bone thickness in the maxillary anterior teeth using CBCT to investigate its effect on surgical planning for dental implant placement in adult patients.Material and methodsCBCT scans (N = 119) of adults, aged 18-65 years, with bilateral permanent maxillary anterior teeth present were included in this retrospective study. The mean alveolar bone plate thickness and crest bone height loss adjacent to the maxillary anterior teeth were measured and differences were examined.ResultsThe results suggest that additional care and assessment of dental implant placement should be considered when replacing the permanent lateral incisors and canines. The frequency of fenestrations and dehiscence is higher in older adults. Possible management includes guided bone regeneration or “pink restorative solutions.”ConclusionCBCT analysis to assess the bone morphology surrounding “hopeless” maxillary anterior teeth is important to ensure proper diagnosis and management, including the use of dental implants.

A high-throughput, cheap, and green method for determination of ethanol in cachaça and vodka using 96-well-plate images.

A high-throughput method for the determination of ethanol in vodka and cachaça using 96-well-plate digital images was proposed and validated. The standard method consists of beverage distillation, measuring its density using a pycnometer, and converting it into ethanol content. It is simple, but it is time-consuming and susceptive to error. The proposed method exploits the suppression of phenolphthalein ionization by ethanol in an alkaline solution and the fading of the pink solution was converted into ethanol content. It consists in mixing 1mL of sample with 0.1mL of an alkaline phenolphthalein solution. 96-well-plate images were acquired using a desktop scanner. Red, green, and blue (RGB) values from the 96 wells were automatically extracted using ReadPlate (ImageJ plugin). Then, RGB values were exported to a spreadsheet that converted these values into analytical signals and calculated the ethanol content in beverages. The ethanol content of cachaças and vodkas was 33-45% (v/v) and it was also the linear range of the proposed method. The method's precision was evaluated using relative standard deviation (RSD). Five cachaças and three vodkas were analyzed. Each beverage was analyzed six times on the same day (intra-day repeatability) and three consecutive days (inter-day repeatability) by three different analysts (inter-analyst repeatability). The intra-day repeatability average was 1.7% (1.2-2.2% range), the intra-day repeatability average was 2.6% (1.9-3.5% range), and the inter-analyst repeatability average was 4% (2.6-6.2% range). Accuracy was evaluated by comparing the proposed method with the standard method using a percent error and a paired t-test. The average percent error was 1.9%, in the paired t-test, the p-value average value was 0.25. The proposed method can analyze 12 samples in 30min, whereas the standard method spends around 1h on each sample. Thus, the proposed method provides high-throughput compared with the standard method.

A dual-mode colorimetric/fluorescent probe based on perylene: Response to acidic pH values

BackgroundThe pH value plays critical roles in many chemical and physiological processes and exploring a more effective and sensitive method for the detection of pH is great need. MethodsA new “off-on” pH chemosensor, N,N-bis[(2-furan)-ethyl]-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (FEPTD), was designed and synthesized by Schiff-base condensation reaction with 2-furaldehyde and perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydriden as the starting materials. FEPTD as a fluorescent probe was used for highly detecting pH values on the basis of molecular fluorescence spectrophotometry with the excitation wavelength of 300 nm in EtOH/Buffer solutions. Meanwhile, FEPTD was also applied for the detection of H+ in test paper and cotton. Significant findsFEPTD exhibited excellent solubility and stability in EtOH/Buffer (V:V, 1:1) with obvious “off-on” fluorescence response towards pH changes due to photo-induced electron transfer (PET) processes. The linear response ranges of FEPTD for pH detection in acidic system are from 4.32 to 3.10 with pKa = 3.69. Moreover, FEPTD showed an evident naked-eye color changes, where pale pink solution of FEPTD turned deepened with the fluorescent color varying from colorless to brilliant yellow. 1H NMR titration and density function theory calculations proved the possible sensing mechanism. Finally, FEPTD was successfully applied for the detection of H+ in test paper and cotton.

Mouth Rinsing With a Pink Non-caloric, Artificially-Sweetened Solution Improves Self-Paced Running Performance and Feelings of Pleasure in Habitually Active Individuals

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether mouth rinsing with a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution can improve self-selected running speed and distance covered during a 30 min running protocol.Methods: Ten healthy and habitually active individuals (six males, four females) completed two experimental trials in a randomised, single-blind, crossover design. Each experimental trial consisted of a 30 min treadmill run at a self-selected speed equivalent to 15 (hard/heavy) on the rating of perceived exertion scale. During exercise, participants mouth rinsed with either a pink or a clear non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution, with performance, perceptual and physiological measures obtained throughout.Results: Self-selected running speed (+0.4 ± 0.5 km·h−1, p = 0.024, g = 0.25) and distance covered (+213 ± 247 m, p = 0.023, g = 0.25) during the 30 min running protocol were both improved by 4.4 ± 5.1% when participants mouth rinsed with the pink solution when compared to the clear solution. Feelings of pleasure were also enhanced during the 30 min treadmill run when participants mouth rinsed with the pink solution, with ratings increased from 3.4 ± 0.7 in the clear condition to 3.8 ± 0.6 in the pink condition (+0.4 ± 0.5, p = 0.046, g = 0.54).Conclusion: Mouth rinsing with a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution improved self-selected running speed, total distance covered, and feelings of pleasure obtained during a 30 min running protocol when compared to an isocaloric and taste-matched clear solution.

A Visual and Ratiometric Chemosensor Using Thiophene Functionalized Hydrazone for the Selective Sensing of Pb2+ and F- Ions.

Herein, a simple, efficient ratiometric chemosensor was reported for the selective sensing of Pb2+ and F- ions using thiophene functionalized hydrazone as a chemical probe. Hydrazone moiety was developed by utilizing thiophene/naphthalene as a platform for the particular recognition of cation and anion. The structures of the precursor (Z)-(1-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazine (ABTH) and the final probe 1-((Z)-(((Z)-1-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazono)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (NAPABTH) were confirmed by 1H, 13C-NMR and LC-MS spectroscopic methods. The interaction of NAPABTH with Pb2+ and F- ions was visually observed by the formation of pink and dark yellow solutions, respectively. The detection limits were found to be very low for Pb2+ as 1.06ppm and for F- ions as 3.72nM. This visual detection of Pb2+/F- ions with satisfactory outcomes obtained from UV-Vis titrations. The sensing mechanistic pathways and stoichiometric ratios were obtained from DFT and Job's plot, respectively. The observed results are highly promising as highly selective chemosensor with lower detection limits for Pb2+ and F- ions. This strategy could exhibit tremendous applications for the selective sensing of heavy metal cations with rapid sensitivity for the design of new devices.

Removal of Azo Dye from aqueous solution by activated carbon derived from Moringa oleifera seeds

The aim of this work is to utilize activated carbon derived from M. oleifera seeds that is treated with zinc chloride to remove the Remazol Brilliant Pink solution in aqueous solution. The acid-treated activated carbon was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) to determine the adsorbent surface morphology and functional groups, respectively. Three experiment parameters including pH, adsorbent dosage and initial dye concentration were carried out in a batch adsorption process. From the study, pH 3, 0.20 grams of adsorbent dosage, and initial dye concentration of 150 mg/L were the best operating parameter. The adsorption data was then undergone further analysis using Langmuir adsorption isotherm and Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Langmuir adsorption isotherm has a superior R2 value of 0.9784 when compared to the latter. The adsorption kinetics follows pseudo-second-order kinetic model was, indicating that the adsorption process is a chemisorption and monolayer formed at the surface of activated carbon. Thus, activated carbon derived from M. oleifera seeds deemed to be effective in removing Remazol Brilliant Pink from aqueous solution.

A Novel Hybrid Additive Manufacturing Process for Drug Delivery Systems with Locally Incorporated Drug Depots.

Here, we present a new hybrid additive manufacturing (AM) process to create drug delivery systems (DDSs) with selectively incorporated drug depots. The matrix of a DDS was generated by stereolithography (SLA), whereas the drug depots were loaded using inkjet printing. The novel AM process combining SLA with inkjet printing was successfully implemented in an existing SLA test setup. In the first studies, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate-based specimens with integrated depots were generated. As test liquids, blue and pink ink solutions were used. Furthermore, bovine serum albumin labeled with Coomassie blue dye as a model drug was successfully placed in a depot inside a DDS. The new hybrid AM process makes it possible to place several drugs independently of each other within the matrix. This allows adjustment of the release profiles of the drugs depending on the size as well as the position of the depots in the DDS.

A spiropyran-based colorimetric probe for quantitative analysis of cyanide ions in cassava leaves

A synthetic spiropyran derivative (2-(8-(hydroxymethyl)-3′,3′-dimethyl-6-nitrospiro [chromene-2,2′-indolin]-1′-yl)ethanol; SP) was spectroscopically evaluated as a highly selective probe and applied for colorimetric detection of cyanide ion (CN−) in cassava leaves. Upon addition of CN− into a pink solution of SP in THF/H2O (4.5:5.5 v/v, 0.5 mM HEPES at pH 9), a vivid yellow solution of the [MC-CN]− adduct was clearly observed by the naked eye. The spectral change in absorbance of the mixture between SP and CN− was monitored by UV–visible spectroscopy. The adduct formation through nucleophilic addition was confirmed by 1H NMR experiments. Additionally, the results from Job's plot suggested that SP and CN− formed the adduct at a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio with the binding constant of 8 × 104 M−1. The detection limit was determined to be 0.52 μM which is lower than the maximum permissible level of CN− in drinking water (1.9 μM) as approved by WHO. Moreover, the analysis of CN− in cassava leaves using our synthetic SP was demonstrated by both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The average CN− concentration in cassava leaves determined by the SP probe was 204.2 ppm which is comparable to the value obtained from the standard Chloramine-T/Pyridine-barbituric acid colorimetric method (203.6 ppm). The viable paper-test strips of SP were also developed for CN− colorimetric detection.

Effects of pH and Application Technique of In-office Bleaching Gels on Hydrogen Peroxide Penetration into the Pulp Chamber.

This in vitro study aimed to quantify the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) into the pulp chamber in teeth submitted to in-office bleaching with varied pH and application techniques. The color change and pH of the in-office bleaching product during application was also evaluated. Ninety-six human premolars were used and randomly divided into 10 groups (n=9) according to the following combination of factors: pH of in-office bleaching agents (two neutral/alkaline pH: Opalescence Boost 38% and Whiteness HP Blue 35% and three acidic pH: Whiteness HP Maxx 35%, Lase Peroxide Sensy 35%, and Total Blanc Office 35%) and application modes (for 3 × 15 minutes [3×15] and 1 × 45 minutes [1×45]). An additional group of non-bleached teeth (control; n=6) was added. First, all teeth were sectioned 3 mm from the cementoenamel junction and the pulp tissue was removed. An acetate buffer was placed in the pulp chamber of all teeth. After bleaching, this solution was transferred to a glass tube in which HP was allowed to react with other components, resulting in a pink solution. The optical density of this pink solution was measured using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and converted into amount of HP. Color change before and 1 week after bleaching was evaluated using a digital spectrophotometer. A pH meter with a 6-mm circular and flat surface was used in contact with the enamel surface to quantify the pH of the bleaching gels during application. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=0.05). Overall, lower mean HP penetration values were observed for Opalescence Boost 38% and Whiteness HP Blue 35% compared with other bleaching gels (p<0.05). Opalescence Boost 38% and Whiteness HP Blue 35% were not influenced by the application technique (p>0.05). However, lower mean HP penetration values were observed for Whiteness HP Maxx 35%, Total Blanc Office 35%, and Lase Peroxide Sensy 35% when using the 3×15 application technique compared with the 1×45 technique (p<0.05). Significant whitening was detected and no significant difference of color change was observed between groups (p>0.54). The pH did not change during the 3×15 application technique; however, all acidic bleaching gels significantly decreased in pH when applied for 1×45 (p<0.01). The amount of HP that reaches the pulp chamber was lower when neutral/alkaline pH gels were used, independently of the application technique. When considering acidic pH gels, it is preferable to use the 3×15 application technique, mainly because longer application time (1×45) results in lower pH. No difference was observed between groups with regards to color change.

Nickel nanoparticles-doped rhodamine grafted carbon nanofibers as colorimetric probe: Naked eye detection and highly sensitive measurement of aqueous Cr3+ and Pb2+

Nickel nanoparticle (NiNPs)-doped carbon nanofiber (CNF) grafted with Rhodamine-B (RhB) dye (Ni-CNF-RhB), was prepared and utilized as a colorimetric probe for detection and measurements of chromium (Cr3+) and lead (Pb2+) metal ions in aqueous systems. An intense pink solution was obtained within 30 s on the exposure of the colorless Ni-CNF-RhB probe to the metal ions (Cr3+ and Pb2+) solution. Briefly, the NiNPs-doped carbon beads were synthesized and applied as a substrate to grow CNFs by chemical vapor deposition. The Ni-CNF-RhB colorimetric probe exhibited fast response and selective determination towards Cr3+ and Pb2+ over the 0.1-10 ppm concentration range of their respective solution pH. The developed probe also showed the pH-dependent colorimetric response, thereby, selectivity determination of the metal ions. The detection limits of the colorimetric probe against Cr3+ and Pb2+ are 203 and 132 nM, respectively. The binding ability of the RhB-dye was augmented by CNF and NiNPs, while the carbon beads provided support to CNF to help probe in detection application and its re-usability. The method to prepare the colorimetric probe is simple, novel, selective, and the probe can be efficiently used for the fast detection (naked eye) and measurements of toxic metal ions in aqueous systems.

The natural approach to hair dyeing product with Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala

Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala fruit was macerated in hydrochloric ethanol giving the darken reddish dry extract of 6.48 ± 0.05% and total anthocyanin content (TAC) of 0.65 ± 0.11 µg/ml cyanidin-3-glucoside was obtained. The extract was well dissolved in propylene glycol (35%) afforded reddish pink solution with L*, a* and b* of 49.96 ± 0.01, 12.05 ± 0.01 and − 1.52 ± 0.01 determined by chromameter, and the dye was stabled at pH ranges between 0.93 and 5.00 as well as following accelerated stability test with TAC of 0.43 ± 0.06 µg/ml cyanidin-3-glucoside. It was further incorporated into the stable base of hair coloring spray with the greatest preference assessed in 20 volunteers. Three hair coloring sprays with different concentrations of C. nervosum var. paniala were stable under the accelerated test. The spray containing 7.46% extract with the highest dispersion (6.41 ± 0.64%) was included for wash fastness test on tress accordingly. The developed natural hair dyeing product was efficiently stained tress and persists for more than 5 times to wash color offed. C. nervosum var. paniala is highlighted as a new promise source of natural dye. The preparation and quality control of the extract are feasible for an industrial practice. The extract is confirmedly to be compatible with cosmetic ingredients. Variety of hair coloring dosage form containing C. nervosum var. paniala extract is encouraged to be developed.

Synthesis and Properties of Monolayer-Protected Cox(SC2H4Ph)m Nanoclusters

Nanometer-sized and stable thiolate-protected cobalt clusters were synthesized by a wet chemical method, leading to a pink solution with well-defined optical activity (ultraviolet–visible) and photoluminescence. The cobalt cluster core of ∼1.3 nm size was metallic (as indicated by scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron-energy loss spectroscopy) and was surrounded by a specific configuration of thiolate staples (according to Raman spectra, Fourier transfrom infrared spectroscopy, X-ray absorption fine structure, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization) that is similar to that of corresponding gold clusters.

Isolation and Characterization, Including by X‐ray Crystallography, of Contact and Solvent‐Separated Ion Pairs of Silenyl Lithium Species

AbstractReaction of bromoacylsilane 1 (pink solution) with tBu2MeSiLi (3.5 equiv) in a 4:1 hexane:THF solvent mixture at −78 °C to room temperature yields the solvent separated ion pair (SSIP) of silenyl lithium E‐[(tBuMe2Si)(tBu2MeSi)C=Si(SiMetBu2)]− [Li⋅4THF]+ 2 a (green–blue solution). Removal of the solvent and addition of benzene converts 2 a into the corresponding contact ion pair (CIP) 2 b (violet–red solution) with two THF molecules bonded to the lithium atom. The 2 a⇌2 b interconversion is reversible upon THF⇌ benzene solvent change. Both 2 a and 2 b were characterized by X‐ray crystallography, NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. The degree of dissociation of the Si−Li bond has a large effect on the visible spectrum (and thus color) and on the silenylic 29Si NMR chemical shift, but a small effect on the molecular structure. This is the first report of the X‐ray molecular structure of both the SSIP and the CIP of any R2E=E′RM species (E=C, Si; E′=C, Si; M=metal).

Isolation and Characterization, Including by X-ray Crystallography, of Contact and Solvent-Separated Ion Pairs of Silenyl Lithium Species.

Reaction of bromoacylsilane 1 (pink solution) with tBu2 MeSiLi (3.5 equiv) in a 4:1 hexane:THF solvent mixture at -78 °C to room temperature yields the solvent separated ion pair (SSIP) of silenyl lithium E-[(tBuMe2 Si)(tBu2 MeSi)C=Si(SiMetBu2 )](-) [Li⋅4THF](+) 2 a (green-blue solution). Removal of the solvent and addition of benzene converts 2 a into the corresponding contact ion pair (CIP) 2 b (violet-red solution) with two THF molecules bonded to the lithium atom. The 2 a⇌2 b interconversion is reversible upon THF⇌ benzene solvent change. Both 2 a and 2 b were characterized by X-ray crystallography, NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. The degree of dissociation of the Si-Li bond has a large effect on the visible spectrum (and thus color) and on the silenylic (29) Si NMR chemical shift, but a small effect on the molecular structure. This is the first report of the X-ray molecular structure of both the SSIP and the CIP of any R2 E=E'RM species (E=C, Si; E'=C, Si; M=metal).

Pentobarbital Toxicity after Self-Administration of Euthasol Veterinary Euthanasia Medication.

Suicide attempt via sodium pentobarbital is uncommon. A 48-year-old woman with a history of depression and prior suicide attempt was found unresponsive by her veterinarian spouse near a syringe containing pink solution. Upon EMS' arrival, the patient was experiencing apnea, hypoxemia, and miotic pupils; her blood glucose level measured 73 mg/dL. She was bradycardic and administered atropine with transient improvement in heart rate and transported to an emergency department; 2 mg of intravenous naloxone was administered without effect. She was endotracheally intubated via rapid sequence intubation. Rapid urine drug screening detected both benzodiazepines and barbiturates. The patient was transferred to an intensive care unit where she demonstrated a nearly absent radial pulse. Emergent fasciotomy to the left forearm and carpal tunnel was performed for acute compartment syndrome; “Euthasol” had been self-administered into the antecubital fossa. Expanded toxicological analysis via liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy detected caffeine, atropine, 7-aminoclonazepam, phenytoin, citalopram, and naproxen. The patient's coma resolved over 48 hours and she was successfully extubated without complication. Emergency physicians must closely monitor patients exposed to veterinary euthanasia agents who develop central nervous system and respiratory depression, hypothermia, bradycardia, hypotension, or skin injury. Consultation with a regional poison center and medical toxicologist is recommended.

A rhodamine B-based “turn-on” fluorescent sensor for detecting Cu2+ and sulfur anions in aqueous media

A novel selective fluorescent chemosensor L based on rhodamine B derivative has been designed and synthesized to optically detect Cu2+ and S2− in aqueous buffer solution. The fluorescence of L was excited by Cu2+ with a 1 : 1 binding ratio, and could be used as a “turn-on” type sensor. Otherwise, the emission band would undergo a slight red-shift. Once binding with Cu2+, the copper complex can exhibit high selectivity for S2−. Upon addition of Cu2+, the color of the chemosensor L changes from colorless to pink. Additionally, the resulting pink solution changes to colorless immediately upon the addition of S2−. However, no phenomenon change could be observed in the presence of other anions. Conclusively, the color changes suggest that sensor L could serve as a “naked-eye” sensor for Cu2+ and S2−.

Highly water-soluble and liver targeting BODIPY polymeric dyes

supramolecular assembly approach and applied on cotton cloth to assess the benefits to the skin of the wearer. After simply mixing an ethanol solution of Ve and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and an aqueous solution of chitosan, a stable emulsion was obtained. The emulsion was comprised of ~400 nm nanocapsules as shown by laser scattering. After application on a cotton cloth by a common dip-pad process, the soft nanocapsules assembled into a continuous thin film containing Ve nano-droplets. The activity of Ve present on the cotton fabric was demonstrated by rapid fading of a pink ethanol solution of dichloroindophenol dropped onto the fabric. The Ve quantity present on the fabric was in-situ measured colorimetrically by a spectrometer, based on the specific absorption of Ve at 295 nm. The stability of Ve on the fabric was checked by washing according to the AATCC standard. It was shown that the coated film was stable over 20 washes due to the strong interaction between chitosan and cotton. The Ve intimate apparel was expected to transfer Ve to thewearers' skin by friction and pressure. This transfer mechanism was simulated by standard rubbing of the Ve fabric against a piece of sheep leather, using a crock meter CM-1 according to the AATCC standard. With a calorimetric measurement, vitamin E transfer to leather was confirmed. An in-vivo trial on volunteers' arms revealed that these fabrics have definitely improved their skin condition, such asmoisture, whiteness and elasticity, based on the monitoring with Multi Skin Test Center® MC 900 within a month. These results support the application of supramolecular nanocapsules in nutritional intimate apparels and medical cloths [2].