Pineapple Development Research Articles

Authenticity Identification of F1 Hybrid Offspring and Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Pineapple

Breeding is an effective method for the varietal development of pineapple. However, due to open pollination, it is necessary to conduct authentic identification of the hybrid offspring. In this study, we identified the authenticity of offspring and analyzed the genetic diversity within the offspring F1 hybrids resulting from crosses between ‘Josapine’ and ‘MD2’ by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. From the resequencing data, 26 homozygous loci that differentiate between the parents have been identified. Then, genotyping was performed on both the parents and 36 offspring to select SNP markers that are suitable for authentic identification. The genotyping results revealed that 2 sets of SNP primers, namely SNP4010 and SNP22550, successfully identified 395 authentic hybrids out of 451 hybrid offspring. We randomly selected two true hybrids and four pseudohybrids for sequencing validation, and the results have shown that two true hybrids had double peaks with A/G, while pseudohybrids had single peaks with base A or G. Further study showed that the identification based on SNP molecular markers remained consistent with the morphological identification results in the field, with a true hybridization rate of 87.58%. K-means clustering and UPGMA tree analysis revealed that the hybrid offspring could be categorized into two groups. Among them, 68.5% of offspring aggregated with MD2, while 31.95% were grouped with Josapine. The successful application of SNP marker to identify pineapple F1 hybrid populations provides a theoretical foundation and practical reference for the future development of rapid SNP marker-based methods for pineapple hybrid authenticity and purity testing.

Genome-wide investigation of sucrose synthase gene family in pineapple: Characterization and expression profile analysis during fruit development

ABSTRACT Sucrose content influences the flavour and quality of fruits. Sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) mediates the reversible conversion of uridine diphosphate and sucrose to uridine diphosphate-glucose and fructose. Although genome-wide analyses of SUS gene families exist for various species, such studies are lacking for pineapple. The specific SUS gene(s) involved in sucrose metabolism during pineapple development remain unknown. This study identified six SUS genes (AcSUS1–6) and analysed their chromosomal locations, synteny, structure, motif composition, sequence alignments, and phylogenetic relationships. Gene promoter analysis revealed a predominance of light-response elements in the AcSUS gene family. AcSUS1 was predominantly expressed in the peduncle, pericarp, and core, whereas AcSUS4 was highly expressed in the flesh. The levels of sucrose, glucose, and fructose increase during pineapple fruit development. Further gene expression analysis indicated that AcSUS2, AcSUS3, and AcSUS5 were down-regulated during this period. These results suggest that AcSUS2, AcSUS3, and AcSUS5 may modulate sucrose breakdown in pineapple. This study contributes to our understanding of SUS gene function in regulating sucrose metabolism and offers valuable theoretical guidance for the genetic improvement of pineapples.

Identification of bromelain subfamily proteases encoded in the pineapple genome

Papain (aka C1A) family proteases, including bromelain enzymes, are widespread across the plant kingdom and play critical regulatory functions in protein turnover during development. The proteolytic activity exhibited by papain family proteases has led to their increased usage for a wide range of cosmetic, therapeutic, and medicinal purposes. Bromelain enzymes, or bromelains in short, are members of the papain family that are specific to the bromeliad plant family. The only major commercial extraction source of bromelain is pineapple. The importance of C1A family and bromelain subfamily proteases in pineapple development and their increasing economic importance led several researchers to utilize available genomic resources to identify protease-encoding genes in the pineapple genome. To date, studies are lacking in screening bromelain genes for targeted use in applied science studies. In addition, the bromelain genes coding for the enzymes present in commercially available bromelain products have not been identified and their evolutionary origin has remained unclear. Here, using the newly developed MD2 v2 pineapple genome, we aimed to identify bromelain-encoding genes and elucidate their evolutionary origin. Orthologous and phylogenetic analyses of all papain-family proteases encoded in the pineapple genome revealed a single orthogroup (189) and phylogenetic clade (XIII) containing the bromelain subfamily. Duplication mode and synteny analyses provided insight into the origin and expansion of the bromelain subfamily in pineapple. Proteomic analysis identified four bromelain enzymes present in two commercially available bromelain products derived from pineapple stem, corresponding to products of four putative bromelain genes. Gene expression analysis using publicly available transcriptome data showed that 31 papain-family genes identified in this study were up-regulated in specific tissues, including stem, fruit, and floral tissues. Some of these genes had higher expression in earlier developmental stages of different tissues. Similar expression patterns were identified by RT-qPCR analysis with leaf, stem, and fruit. Our results provide a strong foundation for future applicable studies on bromelain, such as transgenic approaches to increase bromelain content in pineapple, development of bromelain-producing bioreactors, and studies that aim to determine the medicinal and/or therapeutic viability of individual bromelain enzymes.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN NANAS (Ananas comosus) DI KELURAHAN BUKIT MERDEKA KECAMATAN SAMBOJA KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA

Pineapple is a horticultural crop that has bright potential and prospects and is an activity to improve the agricultural sub-sector in Indonesia. Bukit Merdeka Village is one of the pineapple-producing areas in East Kalimantan. However, the development of pineapple in Bukit Merdeka Village was slightly disturbed by the development of government infrastructure. This research was conducted to determine the factors that influence the development and strategy of pineapple plant development in Bukit Merdeka Village. The research was carried out from April 2022 to July 2022 in Bukit Merdeka Village, Samboja District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The sampling method was carried out by simple random sampling with 36 respondents from a total farmer population of 250 pineapple farmers. The data of this study were analyzed using SWOT. Based on the SWOT analysis shows the results of the matrix calculation, the IFAS score is 1.58 and the EFAS score is -0.86, which means that the development strategy is in quadrant II, namely the ST strategy or supports the diversification strategy of a business that diversifies the types of businesses, which can be done to increase Production and profit for farmers is to maintain product quality and expand information to enter selective markets so that they can compete with other pineapple producers. The results showed that the internal factors in pineapple farming in Bukit Merdeka Village were land availability, product quality and availability, farming experience, capital, lack of technology, non-uniform production results, poor planning, and financial records, while external factors were product demand, easy to obtain seeds, pineapple producing centers, IKN buffer areas, pest and disease attacks, unpredictable weather, rising costs of pesticide fertilizers, inadequate road infrastructure, and fluctuating prices.

Exogenous inoculation of endophyte Penicillium sp. alleviated pineapple internal browning during storage

Pineapple is ranked sixth in terms of global fruit production and the most traded tropical fruit worldwide. Internal browning (IB), a physiological disorder of pineapple fruit after harvest, limits the export and industry development of pineapple. Evidence confirmed that endophyte played a pivotal role in plant disease. This study investigated the relationship between endophyte fungi community structure, population abundance in healthy and IB pineapple fruit; as well as the effect of endophyte Penicillium sp. inoculation on pineapple IB. Intended to explore a new effective measure for controlling IB and reducing postharvest losses in pineapple by an economical and environmentally friendly approach. We found the abundance of endophyte fungi in healthy pineapple fruit was different from that in IB fruit by high-throughput sequencing. The results emphasized that the endophyte Penicillium sp. inoculation dramatically alleviated pineapple IB intensity and severity, delayed crown withering and fruit yellowing, and maintained the exterior quality traits during the postharvest period at 20 °C. Penicillium sp. retarded H2O2 accumulation and increased the total phenols level in pineapple. Application of Penicillium sp. also maintained the higher antioxidant capacity by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and ascorbic acids levels, regulated of the homeostasis of endogenous hormones, and increased the abundance of Penicillium sp. in the fruit. In summary, Penicillium sp. retarded the occurrence of IB and enhanced the storability of pineapple at postharvest, and this economical and environmentally friendly technology is convenient to spread in agriculture.

AcBBX5, a B-box transcription factor from pineapple, regulates flowering time and floral organ development in plants.

Flowering is an important factor to ensure the success of plant reproduction, and reasonable flowering time is crucial to the crop yield. BBX transcription factors can regulate several growth and development processes. However, there is little research on whether BBX is involved in flower formation and floral organ development of pineapple. In this study, AcBBX5, a BBX family gene with two conserved B-box domains, was identified from pineapple. Subcellular localization analysis showed that AcBBX5 was located in the nucleus. Transactivation analysis indicated that AcBBX5 had no significant toxic effects on the yeast system and presented transcriptional activation activity in yeast. Overexpression of AcBBX5 delayed flowering time and enlarged flower morphology in Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, the expression levels of AtFT, AtSOC1, AtFUL and AtSEP3 were decreased, and the transcription levels of AtFLC and AtSVP were increased in AcBBX5-overexpressing Arabidopsis, which might lead to delayed flowering of transgenic plants. Furthermore, transcriptome data and QRT-PCR results showed that AcBBX5 was expressed in all floral organs, with the high expression levels in stamens, ovaries and petals. Yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase assay results showed that AcBBX5 bound to AcFT promoter and inhibited AcFT gene expression. In conclusion, AcBBX5 was involved in flower bud differentiation and floral organ development, which provides an important reference for studying the functions of BBX and the molecular regulation of flower.

Genome-wide analysis of MADS-box families and their expressions in flower organs development of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.).

MADS-box genes play crucial roles in plant vegetative and reproductive growth, better development of inflorescences, flower, and fruit. Pineapple is a typical collective fruit, and a comprehensive analysis of the MADS-box gene family in the development of floral organs of pineapple is still lacking. In this study, the whole-genome survey and expression profiling of the MADS-box family in pineapple were introduced. Forty-four AcMADS genes were identified in pineapple, 39 of them were located on 18 chromosomes and five genes were distributed in five scaffolds. Twenty-two AcMADS genes were defined as 15 pairs of segmental duplication events. Most members of the type II subfamily of AcMADS genes had higher expression levels in floral organs compared with type I subfamily, thereby suggesting that AcMADS of type II may play more crucial roles in the development of floral organs of pineapple. Six AcMADS genes have significant tissue-specificity expression, thereby suggesting that they may participate in the formation of one or more floral organs. This study provides valuable insights into the role of MADS-box gene family in the floral organ development of pineapple.

PENDAMPING UMKM (PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAN MANAJEMEN USAHA) SERTA PENGELOLAAN PRODUK AGRIBISNIS PERTANIAN BUAH NANAS DESA TANJUNG BARU

Community service with the topic of financial management and business management is an activity that involves students and supervisors. The focus of this service is on a theme or activity. This community service activity helps provide training and processing of pineapple fruit products in order to improve the economy of the Tanjung Baru community. This qualitative research method is used in this project. The result of this series of non-profit activities is the development of pineapple processed products with more modern and online-based packaging and marketing such as Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram. It is hoped that after completing this service program, individuals who take part in this training have broad knowledge and insight and dare to continue to innovate and improve creativity to improve their standard of living for the better.

Identification and Characterization of Trihelix Transcription Factors and Expression Changes during Flower Development in Pineapple

Trihelix transcription factors with helix–loop–helix–loop–helix characteristics are essential in plant growth, development, and response to adversity. Several potential functions of Trihelix have been studied in multiple plant species, but little is known about the features and functions of Trihelix genes in pineapple. In this study, 23 Trihelix members were identified and classified into 5 groups and were unevenly distributed in 17 chromosomes of pineapple. The results revealed that six fragment duplication events and one tandem duplication event were found through gene duplication analysis. Moreover, 4, 10, 21, and 23 homologous gene pairs were found between pineapple and Arabidopsis, grape, banana, and rice, respectively. The promoters of Trihelix have many cis-elements, especially in light and hormone response. The expression characteristics of AcTrihelix members showed obvious tissue specificities in different tissues. The expressions of AcTrihelix3, AcTrihelix8, AcTrihelix16, AcTrihelix19, AcTrihelix20, and AcTrihelix23 were maintained at high levels during the late stage of flower bud development. In floral organs, the expression of different members was very different. In conclusion, some AcTrihelix members may play important roles during the floral development of pineapple, and they provide resources for further studies of the function of Trihelix and the molecular mechanism during pineapple flower formation.

Predicting the Amount of Pineapple Production in Sumatra Using the Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm

Pineapple is a kind of organic product from the Bromeliaceae family which has the logical name Ananas comosus Merr. Pineapple plants have weathered skin and pointed leaves on top. The taste of new pineapple is a combination of sweet and slightly sharp. Pineapple is high in L-ascorbic acid, which helps cells fight damage, according to the Linus Pauling Organization at Oregon State College. L-ascorbic acid is also useful in managing medical conditions, such as heart disease and joint pain. However, due to the absence of consideration from the regions and local governments regarding pineapple on the island of Sumatra, it has caused several problems, especially data on pineapples related to the advantages, content, and uniqueness of pineapples to be used as pineapples. chaotic and diminishing pineapple production, especially on the island of Sumatra. Therefore, it is important to make a wish to know the assessed amount of Pineapple Organic Product Crop Creation on the island of Sumatra so that the public authorities on the island of Sumatra have endlessly clear references to decide on an approach or make major progress sothat the development of pineapple on the island of Sumatra does not diminish. The method used in making predictions is the FletcherReeves algorithm and is a method in ANN. In this study, the data used was the number of pineapple fruit plants on the island of Sumatra in 2012-2021 obtained from BPS. Given this information, organizational design models will not be fully defined, including 4-10-1, 4-15-1, 4-20-1, 4-25-1 and 4-30-1. Of these 5 models, then Training and Testing is done and the best architectural model result is 4-15-1 with the least (less) Performance/MSE test. With the lowest Performance/MSE level of 0.005488189 compared to the other 4 models.

The class III peroxidase gene family is involved in ascorbic acid induced delay of internal browning in pineapple.

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to potential toxicity in an organism. Class III peroxidases (PRXs) play an important role in maintaining ROS homeostasis in plants. Internal browning (IB) limits industrial development of pineapple, which is the third most important fruit trade in the world. IB is mainly caused by ROS, and the mechanism underlying IB is still unknown from the perspective of ROS. Here, we soaked pineapples in ascorbic acid after harvest and before storage to decrease excessive ROS and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, ultimately restraining the spread and deterioration of IB. Using phylogenetic analysis; we identified 78 pineapple PRX genes (AcPRXs) and divided them into five subgroups. Gene structure analysis indicated that the exon numbers ranged from 2 to 14, and conserved motif analysis verified that all of the AcPRXs identified here have standard peroxidase domains. Analysis of duplication events suggested that tandem and segmental duplication events may have played equal and important roles in expanding the AcPRX family. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis uncovered that AcPRXs may play an important role in negatively regulating the occurrence of IB. In summary, we found that ROS scavenging delayed IB occurrence. The results of characterized AcPRX family revealed that AcPRXs family responded to growth and development, and negatively regulated to IB occurrence in storage stage. This research provides potential target genes for future in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying IB and contributes to develop IB-resistant pineapple varieties.

Some biochemical changes and transcriptome analysis associated with ‘Queen’ pineapple fruit blackheart development

Blackheart (BH) disease is a major problem of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. ‘Comte de Paris’) during storage. In this paper, physiological and molecular responses to the blackheart (BH) disease of pineapple were determined during storage at room temperature (25 ℃). The results showed that the BH development of pineapple was accompanied by an increased rate of superoxide free radical (O2•−) production, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, reduced the antioxidant enzymes activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and decreased amount of ascorbic acid (AsA) in flesh (F), flesh adjacent to the core (F/C) and core (C) tissues of pineapple. Meanwhile, a transcriptome analysis identified many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with BH development. The up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in ribosome and the down-regulated DEGs were mainly related to the starch and sucrose metabolism. These results provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism of pineapple BH.

Influence of post-harvest physiology on sensory perception, physical properties, and chemical compositions of Moris pineapples (Ananas comosus L.).

This study was conducted to evaluate consumer profiling of pineapple at five maturity stages using check-all-that-apply (CATA) method and to determine the influence of post-harvest physiological changes on the physical and chemical properties of the pineapple. Nineteen CATA terms describing sensory attributes of pineapples at five maturity stages were generated. Seventy-five consumers were involved in describing the changes in the organoleptic properties of pineapple using CATA questions. The relationship between physicochemical properties and sensory description of pineapples was analyzed using correspondence analysis (CA). The total variance of 97.7% and 92.2% obtained in the CA plot of the physical and chemical properties with the consumer profiling data suggests that consumers have effectively described the pineapple harvested at five maturity stages. Changes in physical and chemical compositions in pineapple upon maturation result in the development of pineapple's desirable organoleptic characteristics, characterized as fresh, attractive, and bright yellowish, with a soft, fibrous, and juicy texture, a sweet odor and pineapple aroma as well as sweet taste. Index 3 pineapple has been described as pale, hard, and crunchy in texture at the early stage of maturity and has a sour taste. The characteristic was transformed to bright yellow, soft, fibrous, and juicy texture after maturation, (25% ripeness onwards), as well as the production of sweet taste and aroma of pineapple. Instrument analysis of yellowness (b value) and carotenoid has strongly influenced the sensory attributes of brightness, freshness, and attractiveness of the pineapple. Changes in total soluble solids (TSS) and a ratio of TSS to total acids (TA) contributes to the development of aromatic compound which increases the appealing quality of the pineapple. Pineapple sensory characteristics, physical properties, and chemical compositions were significantly affected by post-harvest physiology. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Sensory and instrumental methods were used to construct the properties of pineapple at different stages of post-harvest physiology. This article demonstrates that the Check-all-that-apply (CATA) analysis provides adequate sensory profiling information based on customer perceptions in relation to instrumental details, and it can be extended to other pineapple varieties and citrus fruits.

Development of pineapple and wine flavored fermented dairy product

The objective of this work was to take advantage of buttermilk and whey for the development of a pineapple and wine flavored fermented dairy product and to characterize the product in physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial terms. The experiment was carried out through four treatments with the following formulations: T0 (70% UHT skim milk and 30% whey), T1 (70% buttermilk and 30% whey), T2 (60% buttermilk and 40% whey), T3 (50% buttermilk and 50% whey). The average treatment values did not differ among themselves, at a 5% level of significance, regarding pH, acidity, viscosity and color. The protein and fat levels decreased with the increase of the amount of buttermilk in the treatment formulations. There was no significant difference, at a 5% level of significance, in the average acceptance values of the 57 judges for flavor, texture, aroma, color and overall impression, with values above 8.0 (9 point scale) for all attributes. In the purchase intention test, there also were no differences, with averages superior to 5.4 (7 point scale) for all formulations. All formulations had counts of total coliforms and E. Coli within the acceptable range, taking into consideration the legislation for fermented dairy beverages. Regarding the lactic acid bacteria, the counts were superior to 1.3 x 107 CFU g-1 and also in accordance with the legislation. It was concluded that the use of buttermilk in the production of fermented dairy products is technologically feasible.

Pineapple farmer corporation development strategy in Central Lampung District, Indonesia

Central Lampung is a pineapple production center that supplies fresh pineapples for national demand. On the other hand, Sub-optimal production and marketing, which are still controlled by middlemen, are the main problems in pineapple development. The research aims to identify the potential and needs for innovation, and to formulate a strategy for developing pineapple based on farmer cooperations. The research was conducted from September 2020 in Punggur District, Lampung. Data collection was carried out through a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews with local champions. The SWOT approach as well as IFE and EFE analysis have been determine to the best strategy. The results showed that farmers used the Queen variety from 1970, so that, the quality production decreased. The innovations needed are mainly related to cultivation (irrigation, crop rotation, control of pests). The existence of Farmer-Owned Enterprises in collaboration with BUMDES has the potential to be reactivated into a farmer corporation. The IFE and EFE analysis showed that the strategy that needs to be taken is the development strategy (SO strategy). Therefor, Policies that need to be followed is increasing: The role and skills of extension workers; and the role of farmers group or corporation in pineapple production and marketing.

Agro-Climatic factors required for the correct development of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) cultivation

Objective: To compare the agro-climatic factors: soil, rainfall, sunshine duration (sun-hours) and temperature existing in the municipality of Tecomán, Colima, Mexico, to some optimum values, in order to determine the development of theMD2 pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) plantation crop.Design/Methodology/Approach: For the soil factors, texture and pH, data were obtained in laboratory to determine soil physical and reaction analyses. For temperature and rainfall, data were obtained from the Sistema Meteorológico Nacional (SMN), and to obtain the optimal values, different authors cited in the bibliography were considered.Results: the soil factor presented a sandy loam texture with a pH of 7.9. From January to June and from October to December, a monthly precipitation deficit (mm) in percentage was evidenced respect that required by pineapple cultivation; and a percentage of excess in monthly precipitation (mm), from July to September. For monthly sunshineduration, an excess between 200 and 300% of sun-hours was evidenced with respect to that required by pineapple. For minimum, maximum and average temperature, monthly variations were evidenced, but within acceptable ranges according to those determined for cultivation development.Limitations of the study/Implications: No scientific information was available regarding pineapple cultivation evaluated at the research area.Findings/Conclusions: It was determined that the evaluated pineapple plantation crop will be able to develop in theproduction area, by adjusting monthly precipitation deficit through an irrigation system and the excess of sunshineduration, through the use of a shade cloth.

Studies on different growth regulators and stage of application on inflorescence induction and development of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) Var. Queen

The experimentation entitled, “Studies on different growth regulators and stage of application on inflorescence induction and development of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) Var. Queen” was carried out at the Agri-technology Park, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi during 2017-2020. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with two factors i.e. factor A- growth regulators (G) and factor B- stage of application (S). These factors consist of twelve and three levels respectively, thirty six treatment combinations with three replications. The experiment was conducted on pineapple plants of Queen Variety. The growth regulators i.e. NAA 10ppm (G1), NAA 20ppm (G2), Ethrel 10ppm (G3), Ethrel 30ppm (G4), Ethrel 50ppm (G5), NAA 10ppm + Ethrel 10ppm (G6), NAA 10ppm + Ethrel 30ppm (G7), NAA 10ppm + Ethrel 50ppm (G8), NAA 20ppm + Ethrel 10ppm (G9), NAA 20ppm + Ethrel 30ppm (G10), NAA 20ppm + Ethrel 50ppm (G11) and Control (G12) by foliar application were applied at 30,35 and 40 leaves stage. Among the different treatment combination the treatment G4S3 (Ethrel 30ppm at 40 leaves stage) noted the minimum days taken for completion of flowering and days required for fruit maturity.

Genome-wide study of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) bHLH transcription factors indicates that cryptochrome-interacting bHLH2 (AcCIB2) participates in flowering time regulation and abiotic stress response

BackgroundTranscription factors (TFs) are essential regulators of growth and development in eukaryotes. Basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLHs) is one of the most significant TFs families involved in several critical regulatory functions. Cryptochrome-interacting bHLH (CIB) and cryptochromes form an extensive regulatory network to mediate a plethora of pathways. Although bHLHs regulate critical biological processes in plants, the information about pineapple bHLHs remains unexplored.ResultsHere, we identified a total of 121 bHLH proteins in the pineapple genome. The identified genes were renamed based on the ascending order of their gene ID and classified into 18 subgroups by phylogenetic analysis. We found that bHLH genes are expressed in different organs and stages of pineapple development. Furthermore, by the ectopic expression of AcCIB2 in Arabidopsis and complementation of Atcib2 mutant, we verified the involvement of AcCIB2 in photomorphogenesis and abiotic stress response.ConclusionsOur findings revealed that AcCIB2 plays an essential role in flowering time regulation and abiotic stress response. The present study provides additional insights into the current knowledge of bHLH genes and suggests their potential role in various biological processes during pineapple development.

Liquid micronized CaCO3: an alternative to correct the pH of an acidic soil and improve pineapple development

Objective: to determine the effect of liquid micronized CaCO3 on soil pH and pineapple vegetative development in acidic soils at Isla, Veracruz. Design/Methodology/Approach: randomized blocks with four replications and four treatments: Non-liming control (T1), 2.0 t ha-1 of dolomite (T2), 10.0 (T3) and 20.0 (T4) L ha-1 of liquid CaCO3. The soil pH was measured, before liming and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing, at depths of 0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm, and the biomass was determined at the 60, 90 and 120 dds. Analysis of variance and the 5% Fisher test were performed to separate means. Results: up to 90 dds, with dolomite, optimal pH values were reached for pineapple, significantly higher than those of CaCO3 in both doses. At 120 dds, with 20 L ha-1 CaCO3 the pH was higher than 5.0, similar to that of dolomite and higher than those of the low dose of CaCO3 and the control. At the last date, with 20 L ha-1 of CaCO3 1,346 g plant-1 biomass were produced, an amount similar to dolomite and the low dose of CaCO3 and significantly higher than that of the control. Findings/Conclusions: up to 120 dds, with 20 L ha-1 of liquid CaCO3, the optimum pH for pineapple was reached in the three strata, the values were similar to those of dolomite and higher than those of the low dose of CaCO3 and the control. CaCO3 (20 L ha-1) and dolomite (2 t ha-1) produced 33.1 and 20.9% more biomass than the control.

Preharvest application of silicon reduces internal browning development of pineapple (Ananas comosus‘Mauritius’) during cold storage: a novel approach

Preharvest application of silicon reduces internal browning development of pineapple (<i>Ananas comosus</i>‘Mauritius’) during cold storage: a novel approach