Pineapple Crops Research Articles

Niveles de adopción tecnológica en unidades de producción de piña en Loma Bonita, Oaxaca, México

Currently, different technologies have been incorporated into pineapple crops in the municipality of Loma Bonita, Oaxaca. However, not all growers have done so in the same proportion, establishing technological differences between their production units. The main objective of this paper is to classify pineapple production units according to the levels of technological adoption they have in Loma Bonita. A total of 68 surveys were applied. The production units were classified using statistics such as interval, range and minimum and maximum limits. The descriptive analysis included statistics of central tendency and dispersion. Four levels of technology adoption were identified: very low, low, medium and high. 55.9% of the growers have a low level of technology adoption. The average age was 48 years, 32.4% expressed having more than 15 years of experience. There is a low incorporation of technologies and services such as shade mesh, mulching, pressurized irrigation systems, sowing the MD2 variety, soil analysis, water and technical advice. It is concluded that few growers with very low and low levels of technological adoption have or have been able to incorporate expensive technologies such as tractors, implements, irrigation systems, mulching and shade mesh.

Mapping of Peat Soil Physical Properties by Using Drone- Based Multispectral Vegetation Imagery

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), namely drone, is one of the aerial platforms, which used to monitor and mapping an agricultural sectors at large area. The platform equipped with some compact camera or sensors. This study aims to identify the peat soil physical properties, which correlated with the pineapple crops healthiness index. The index based on visible Red, Blue, Green (RGB) and Near Infrared (NIR) of spectral wavelength taken from multispectral camera mounted at the drone. The data captured with the drone validated with laboratory test result obtained from the soil samples at the site. The multispectral images of three plots of pineapple crops from the age of 4 months to 14 months was take to check their healthiness index. Soil moisture content and pH value were also test from 28 soil samples. The healthiness of the crops were analysed using both data and the results then compared and correlated. This contribution focuses at the study area of Morris pineapple crops that were cultivated on peat soil in Parit Nipah, Batu Pahat. It was found that the moisture content and pH value of the peat soil is linear with the index level of colour reflectance produced from the multispectral image. As a result, this study gives a proof that using of multispectral images technology from drone is able to correlate between the healthiness of pineapple crops with the soil physical properties.

GRAIN YIELD AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF COWPEA PLANTS GROWN UNDER RESIDUAL EFFECT OF SEWAGE SLUDGE FERTILIZATION1

ABSTRACT Cowpea plants produce protein-rich grains and present high yield potential when grown under irrigation and organic fertilization, enabling to substitute part of the mineral fertilizer with sewage sludge, reducing costs and generating environmental benefits. Thus, a field study about residual effect of sewage sludge fertilization on cowpea was developed to evaluate this substitution. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with four replications, in a 2×5 factorial arrangement consisted of two fertilization types (residual effect of sewage sludge fertilization, and mineral fertilizers) and five cowpea cultivars (BRS-Pajeu, BRS-Xiquexique, BRS-Marataoa, BRS-Pujante, and BRS-Cauame). The residual fertilizations were from applications of sewage sludge and NPK mineral fertilizers for pineapple crops grown in the area before the cowpea crop. The experiment was conducted using 80,000 plants ha-1 and micro-sprinkler irrigation. Vegetative and yield components, grain yield, and microbiological quality were analyzed. BRS-Pujante had the highest cowpea grain yield (4,124 kg ha-1) and the highest means for vegetative and yield components. The soil with residual sewage sludge fertilization improved the cowpea root growth and grain yield (3,854 kg ha-1); the latter was 19% higher than that of treatments with mineral fertilization. These results were related to the great soil organic matter content provided by the sludge fertilization, which promotes nutrient mineralization, increasing grain yield. Fresh and dry grains of cowpea plants grown under residual effect of sewage sludge fertilization have similar microbiological quality to those of plants grown under mineral fertilization.

Productivity analysis of timber and fruit tree-based agroforestry practices in Madhupur Sal forest, Bangladesh

In developing countries, different agroforestry systems have been promoted as a pathway to increase household incomes and to generate environmental benefits that are well suited to poor farmers. Thus, a study was carried out in the Madhupur Sal forest of Bangladesh to find out the suitable agroforestry systems based on their productivity. Five agroforestry practices namely Akashmoni tree with Ginger and Banana crops, Akashmoni tree with Turmeric and Banana crops, Akashmoni, Acacia Hybrid, Ghoraneem, and Gamar trees with Turmeric crops, Jackfruit and Akashmoni trees with Turmeric and Aroid crops, and Litchi tree with Pineapple, Ginger, Papaya and Banana crops were randomly selected. The non-agroforestry systems (NAFs) for each of the aforesaid practices were also selected. The study showed that all the selected agroforestry practices were more profitable than their NAFs. The net profit indicated that Litchi- Pineapple- Ginger- Papaya- Banana based agroforestry practice was financially more profitable than the other practices while the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and land equivalent ratio (LER) were higher (3.66 and 1.76 respectively) in Akashmoni- Ginger- Banana agroforestry practice followed by Litchi- Pineapple- Ginger- Papaya- Banana, Akashmoni- Turmeric- Banana, Akashmoni- Acacia Hybrid- Ghoraneem- Gamar- Turmeric, Jackfruit- Akashmoni- Turmeric- Aroid based practices. Even though Litchi- Pineapple- Ginger- Papaya- Banana based agroforestry practice gave higher net profit, the cost required for this practice was much higher. On the other hand, soil pH and content of organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in soil of all of the selected agroforestry practices showed higher values than their NAFs. Soil fertility status showed that Akashmoni- Ginger- Banana based agroforestry practice was more fertile as compared to other land uses. The findings revealed that integrated agroforestry systems are more productive than monoculture or NAFs. Both economical and ecological point of view, Akashmoni- Ginger- Banana based agroforestry practice was more suitable than the other practices in the Madhupur Sal forest of Bangladesh.

The Dynamics of C and N by Combination of Composted Fresh Organic Waste as Soil Amendment in the Soil Thickness at Pineapple Plantation, Lampung Indonesia

The purpose of the research was to study the effect of decomposition of fresh organic waste on improvement of soil nutrients, especially the presence carbon avalability at soil surface layer. The study was conducted to evaluate the decomposition progress of fresh organic waste and canned pineapple waste on Ultisol Lampung. The experiment was designed with a completely randomized factorial design with two factors: the first was fresh organic waste (200 ton.ha-1 chopper pineapple crops, 40 ton.ha-1 cattle manure, 40 ton.ha-1 cassava waste, 40 ton.ha-1 waste pump pineapple, 2 ton.ha-1 mill juice pineapple), and the second was thickness on the top layer (i.e. 0-15 cm, 0-30 cm and 0-45 cm), the each repeated 3 replication so total treatments were 24 plot pots. The results showed that the fresh organic waste and canning pineapple waste application can increase the resistance carbon and nitrogen on the soil. The more thickness of soil indicate to the more decrease of C, N, C/N ratio. The thickness of the soil 0-15 cm of C loss above 60%, 0-30 cm loss of C is less than 30 % and less than 20 % loos C-organic for 0-45 cm. The N loss less than 50 % on 0-15 cm, and less than 40% for 0-30 and 0-45 cm. Fresh organic matter decomposition rate in the near of top soil more faster than subsoil. The thickness of 0-45 cm it showed very low total carbon whiches affected to the the value of the C/N, It smaller than C/N ratio on the soil thickness above. Its because the process of decomposition of fresh organic matter mixed with mineral soil becomes slower. The innovation of technology that applied to combination on soil thickness with organic waste and canning pineapples can increase avalability of carbon and soil nutrients at Ultisol Lampung. It is an important aspect to improve soil fertility.

Scenario of insect pests, predators and pollinators associated with crop plants in an agroforestry in Bangladesh

The abundance of insect pests, predators and pollinators and status of pest insects associated with citrus, mango and pineapple crops grown in an agroforestry in Bangladesh was studied during July 2015 to June 2016. Twenty five species of insects belonging to 19 families in 5 orders were found as pest of citrus and their relative abundance varied from 2.4 to 13.4%. Among the citrus pests, green leaf hopper was most abundant, but whitefly, mealy bug, lemon butterfly and leaf minor were found as major pests. Fifteen species of insects under 13 families in 6 orders were found as pests of mango and their relative abundance varied from 0.5 to 82.6%, and hopper and fruit fly were found as major pests. Four species of insects belonging to 4 families in 3 orders were found as pest of pineapple and their relative abundance varied from 12.2 to 44.9%, and all were found as minor pests. There were 20 species of predator insects belonging to 13 families in 6 orders and their abundance ranged from 0.8 to 2.5/ 40 sweeps. In total 19 species of insects belonging to 12 families in 4 orders were found as pollinators and their abundance varied from 1.7 to 5.1/40 sweeps. The ants and honeybees were most abundant as predators and pollinators, respectively.
 SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 13-22 (2019)

Land teleconnections of urban tourism: A case study of Taipei’s agricultural souvenir products

The impacts of cities on remote areas have seldom been considered in urban sustainability assessments, because geographical areas are bounded and predefined for the purpose of spatial planning. A process-based concept of urban land teleconnections (ULTs) is incorporated within this study to demonstrate the influences of urban activities on distant areas through the physical movement of raw materials, goods and services. Urban tourism not only has spillover effects on adjacent tourist spots but also affects distant places that are sources of tourism-related goods and services. This paper presents a case study of Taiwan’s signature specialty agricultural souvenir products, pineapple cakes, to demonstrate the ULTs of Taipei’s tourism and to examine the ecological exchange relations between Taipei and remote areas that provide tourism-related resources. The land cover inventory resulting from the imposition of digital orthophoto maps on land cover maps revealed that pineapple cakes drove the increase in indigenous pineapple fields in the teleconnected area. Emergy evaluations of pineapple, pineapple cakes, and the study areas indicated that pineapple crops are playing an increasingly significant role in these area’s agricultural sectors. Moreover, the added value from processing pineapples into pineapple cakes benefits local pineapple-based industries in terms of ecological energetic flows. This case study of pineapple cake souvenirs demonstrates how rural planning in Taiwan neglected the effects of ULTs. Our findings contribute to raising awareness, highlighting the need to broaden the scope and vision of urban sustainability assessments relating to the impacts of ULTs on distant areas.

Organic fertilizers, green manures and mixtures of the two revealed their potential as substitutes for inorganic fertilizers used in pineapple cropping

Pineapple crops require large amounts of inorganic fertilizers applied in fractions from planting until flowering induction. Organic fertilization is rarely used and little documented. Our aim was to investigate the feasibility of replacing inorganic fertilizer with organic fertilizer. We screened a wide range of green manures and organic fertilizers, alone and in mixtures, using laboratory biochemical analyses, incubation experiments, and by computing nitrogen mineralization indicators and humus potential. We conducted field trials to test a smaller number of fertilizers. A Mucuna pruriens green manure fallow and two organic fertilizers (poultry feathers and blood meal, and composted manures) only applied at planting were compared to a mineral fertilizer applied at regular intervals as control. Our results showed that organic fertilization is possible, even only applied at planting, and that average fruit weight was similar to that with conventional fertilization. The laboratory tests enabled us to classify the green manures and organic fertilizer candidates and to recommend use vs rejection based on mineralization. We also showed that synergetic nitrogen mineralization (+18.4%) occurred when poultry feathers and blood meal were mixed with Lablab purpureus. This result is in line with the results of the field trial in which the combination of green manure and organic material provided sufficient nitrogen for pineapple nutrition. As field trials are costly and difficult to manage, we recommend screening of potential candidates for pineapple organic fertilization using a combination of biochemical analyses, incubation experiments in the laboratory, and computing the nitrogen mineralization indicator and humus potential.

GHG emission under different cropping systems in some Histosols of Malaysia

Oil palm is the fastest expanding equatorial crop, and is one of the biggest threats to carbon-rich tropical peatlands in Malaysia. Smallholder plantations cover a vast area of peatlands in Peninsular Malaysia and follow varied cropping systems. Here we analyse the impacts of specific crops and the effects of proximity to such crops, upon GHG emissions from the soil, and the soil microbial community phenotype. We found that only mature oil palm plants in 1st generation oil palm mono-cropping potentially had significant autotrophic contributions to total CO2 emissions with 33.5% increase in locations closer to mature oil palm stems. The sampling locations closer to younger oil palms and other crops did not significantly increase total CO2 emissions. CH4 emissions were significantly greater for sampling locations near plants with adventitious root system such as yam and pineapple crops. However CH4 emissions were very low in comparison to CO2 emissions, and their contribution to carbon loss was limited in these sites. Surface peat microbial community structure was unaffected by proximity to different crops within each cropping system, possibly due to a lack of influence of rhizosphere in the surface peat layers (0–5 cm). The results suggest that most of the total CO2 emissions from these agro-ecosystems contribute to C loss due to microbial decomposition of the peat soil, unlike greater autotrophic contributions to total emissions in forested peatlands reported in other studies. Hence without appropriate above-ground vegetation or hydrology conducive to peat formation, ancient carbon stored in these peatlands is gradually lost into the atmosphere via greater heterotrophic respiration under agricultural management on such peat-based ecosystems.

Effects of cover crops on Rotylenchulus reniformis and Hanseniella sp. populations

Until the last decade, pest management in a pineapple crop was efficiently done using pesticides. However, most of the pesticides are now banned for use in European overseas territories. An alternative is to establish a rotation, or rotations, between pineapple and plants that limit the development of these parasites. We tested 32 plants (mainly Fabaceae and Poaceae) for their potential to decrease the soil inoculum of the nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis and of the symphylid Hanseniella sp., the two main parasites affecting the growth and the production of pineapple crops in Martinique. Several field, greenhouse and climatic chamber experiments showed that among the cover plants tested Crotalaria juncea and C. spectabilis showed a strong suppressiveness for both parasites.

Evaluation of a bait for ant management in tropical fruit crops in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Research is being conducted in Espirito Santo, Brazil, to evaluate the use of a granular bait containing abamectin for control of ants associated with mealybugs that infest pineapple and other crops (coffee and cocoa) to reduce pest mealybug populations and mealybug wilt disease of pineapple. Results indicate that granular bait containing abamectin (0.01%) may be useful for control of ants in pineapple and coffee fields.

Fluorescencia de la clorofila <i>a</i> en plantas de piña sometidas a aplicación de herbicidas

El manejo químico de malezas con herbicidas es una actividad recomendada en cultivos, estrategia que permite un control eficaz para el cultivo de piña, que puede afectar su crecimiento y fisiología. De acuerdo a esto, el objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el efecto de herbicidas de post-emergencia en parámetros de fluorescencia de la clorofila y tasa de transporte de electrones, relacionando la fluorescencia de la clorofila a en plantas de piña, variedad Imperial, así como, comprobar la intoxicación causada por estos productos. El experimento se realizó en campo en bloques aleatorizados en esquema factorial 5×2, siendo cuatro herbicidas (ametym, diuron, fluazifop y sulfentrazona) y el control (sin herbicida) y dos tiempos de evaluación (7 y 21 días después de la aplicación). El monitoreo de la fluorescencia de clorofila y las tasas de transporte de electrones también se llevaron a cabo a los 7 y 21 días después de la aplicación del tratamiento, siendo las variables: 1) fluorescencia inicial; 2) fluorescencia máxima; 3) relación de fluorescencia variable y fluorescencia total y 4) tasa de transporte de electrones. Los herbicidas evaluados afectaron negativamente el aparato fotosintético de las plantas de piña, el herbicida diuron seguido del ametrym fueron los productos que provocaron mayor estrés fisiológico en el cultivo. En la segunda época de evaluación, los efectos sobre el aparato fotosintético de las plantas se fueron intensificando, donde los productos probados redujeron los valores de la relación fluorescencia variable y máxima, indicando aumento del estrés causado por los herbicidas evaluados.

Thermal Properties of Soil Samples from Coastal Sand Landform in Ilaje Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria

This study examines the thermal conductivity of some selected soil samples from coastal sandlandform inIlaje local government area of Ondo State, Nigeria. The soil samples were sieved into different particle sizes; 300 , 425 , 600 , 850 , and 1180  with appropriate mesh and moulded in form of a Lee’s disc. The thermal conductivity of the samples was determined using parallel plate method. The value of the thermal conductivity increase as the moisture content increaseand decrease with increase in particle sizes for the soil samples. The values of the thermal conductivity obtained  rangedbetween 0.3444  and1.8894 . It was noted that the conductivity of the landforms conforms to the range of conductivities of soil required for some specific crops such as maize, cowpea, pineapple, okro and root crops. The results in the research would be useful to soil/building and soil scientists as well as modern mechanized farmers in determined  appropriate land forms for agricultural and structural purposes.

Tài nguyên đất đai và đề xuất phát triển vùng chuyên canh khóm trên địa bàn huyện Tân Phước, tỉnh Tiền Giang

The study aimed at using land resources efficiently and sustainably on an acid sulphate soil for pineapple cropping. In this research, descriptive statistical approach was used to assess the land usage land evaluation method (FAO, 1976) was applied to classify land areas in suitability with pineapple production. The study identified 26-land mapping-units by the combination of specific maps of soil and water. Based on the land unit map and land use requirements of pineapple, the zoning of land suitability classification in the current for pineapple cultivation was established, including: high suitability area (19.072,0ha); moderate suitability area (1.210, 94 ha); marginal suitability area (944, 64 ha); and non suitability area (12.093, 31 ha). The result of study will provide a basis for planners and strategic planning of pineapple crops development for the district.

Terrestrial mammal diversity in forests close to pineapple crops, Cutris San Carlos, Costa Rica.

Pineapple crops reduce the size of forest fragments and generate pressure on biodiversity in the remnants. To determine potential negative effects of forest fragmentation we assessed diversity and composition of terrestrial mammals in forest patches on three farms under pineapple crops. We placedSherman and Tomahawk traps, footprints traps near water bodies, and made daily tracks to obtain traces and direct observation of mammals. We identified seven species of wild mammals, mostly omnivorous and under a least concern conservation status. The effect of cover type generated by the pineapple crops is consistent with mammal composition. Pineapple crops could enhance the most common wildlife problems, such as predator-prey relationships. Therefore, pineapple plantations, by causing fragmentation and lack of connectivity among forest patches, threaten extinction of mammals in some of their original range.

Keynote Summary: Half a century on huanglongbing: learning about the disease, trying to control it

Keynote Summary: Half a century on huanglongbing: learning about the disease, trying to control it

Design and Research on Mini Type Slicer for Cereal Product

The research purpose is to design a mini type slicer for cereal product aiming at the rural households. It not only could be used for cutting the rice flour products and candy, but also slicing the cassava, sweet potatoes, pineapple and other crops. The article elaborates on the shape design, color design and other design of this slicer, including selecting electric motor and V belt, the design of shaft and blade, to introduce the main structure and operating principles of the slicer, based on which the conclusion has been reached.

Hydrodynamic characterization of soils within a representative watershed in northeast Brazil

Abstract. Studies about the infiltration of water in the soil, based on hydraulic conductivity and retention curve, are important to simulate hydrological processes and pollution fluxes. This paper aims to present the hydrodynamic soil behaviour of the Gramame watershed, located in northeast Brazil. This basin is representative of several other watersheds located on the coastal region of northeast Brazil, where sugarcane crops constitute the main land use. For this study, three different land uses and land covers were considered: sugarcane crops, pineapple crops and Atlantic Forest, which is the native forest of this region. The Beerkan method and the BEST program were used in order to get retention and hydraulic conductivity curves. The results show that the highest values of hydraulic conductivity were obtained at points located in native vegetation and deforestation impacts the soil hydrodynamic characteristics.

First report of Pineapple bacilliform comosus virus (PBCoV) and endogenous Pineapple pararetrovirus‐1 (ePPRV‐1) in pineapple plants in Cuba

Mealybug wilt of pineapple (MWP) is considered one of the most destructive diseases of pineapple (Ananas comosus) crops worldwide. MWP have been related to five species of Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus-1 to 5 (PMWaV-1 to 5) (Closteroviridae: Ampelovirus), but an interaction with badnaviruses (Caulimoviridae: Badnavirus) has not been completely discarded (Sether et al., 6). In Cuba, where MWP has been associated with 40% of crop losses, only PMWaV-2 and PMWaV-3 have been detected (Borroto et al., 2007; Hernandez et al., 2010a, b), and there is no evidence of badnavirus presence in the country. During a survey for badnaviruses infecting pineapple cv. Red Spanish in commercial fields in 2009-2011, 78 pineapple plants showing MWP symptoms (foliar reddening, leaves with tips curved down and dieback) were collected for further testing. Two pineapple plants cv. Red Spanish derived from in vitro apical meristem tissue culture were selected as negative controls for the PCR assays. Total nucleic acid was extracted from leaf samples according to Murray & Thompson (5) and badnavirus sequences were amplified in PCR assays using the Badna-1A/Badna 4 degenerate primers as described (Gambley et al., 2). Fragments of the expected size (ca. 544 bp) were amplified from DNA extracts from forty symptom-bearing plants. However, PCR products of the same size were also obtained when DNA extracts from the two in vitro cultured plants (BCuL30 and BCuL31) were tested. Amplicons from the extracts of these two plants and from four randomly chosen MWP symptom-bearing plants (BCuL26 to 29) were selected for further characterisation. DNA fragments were gel-purified, cloned and four individual clones per infected plant sample were sequenced. Six sequences of 540 nt were recovered and showed nucleotides identities that ranged from 52.2 to 93.5% (Table 1), except for BCuLE30 and BCuLE31 that were identical to each other. BCuL26 to BCuL29 sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. JQ390618 to JQ390621) and showed at least 80.1% nucleotide identity with Pineapple bacillliform comosus virus (PBCoV-Au) isolated in Australia (EU377664). On the other hand, the sequence of the amplicons isolated from BCuLE30 and BCuLE31 (JQ390622) showed nucleotide identities between 91.7 and 95.6% with isolates of endogenous Pineapple pararetrovirus-1 (ePPRV-1) from Australia and Hawaii (EU377674 and GQ395780). The obtained sequences confirmed the presence of PBCoV and ePPRV-1 in pineapples from Cuba. Phylogenetic analysis grouped BCuL26 to BCuL29 sequences and PBCoV within the same phylogenetic cluster, while BCuL30 grouped in an individual branch with ePPRV-1 supporting the previous results (Fig. 1). This is the first report of the PBCoV and ePPRV-1 presence in the Caribbean basin, results that highlight the need to implement certification procedures for the propagation material to reduce the risk of viral diseases affecting pineapple crop. This research was supported in part by the grant C/5032-1 conceded to L. Hernandez-Rodriguez by the International Foundation for Science, Sweden.

IDENTIFIKASI PENYAKIT NENAS (ANANAS COMOSUS L.) DAN TINGKAT SERANGANNYA DI DESA RIMBO PANJANG KECAMATAN TAMBANG KABUPATEN KAMPAR PROVINSI RIAU

Pineapple (Ananai cnmo.ms L.) is a fmit, whicli has high economic value because of its wide variety of uses. Itis not only consumed fresh, but also made into syrup, taffy, andother candies, Jam and dried into chips. Thecultivation pineapple in the Rinibo Panjang Village, Tambang District, Subprovince of Kampar, Province ofRiau still uses traditional growing and culUvication methods, which result in low productivity. Conservationand diseases control are areas that need to be iraprovcd.Thc purpose of this research Ls to identifify the diseasesbased on characteristic morphology and that attack stage at the pineapple. The research was conducted in Pestand Plant diseases Laboratory of Agricultural Faculty at Riau University.This research used survey methodbased on field area, quantity of population, and plants were produced. The results of the research indicated thatsire two type of diseases attacking the pineapple crops. The First is a leaf spot caused Curvulariamaculans,infecting some 34.6 % in the field 4, The second is decay the fruits caused Thiehviopsis paradoxa, and wasfound in 32 % of the crop in field 2.