A new pilot protection scheme for transmission line based on virtual sequence transition impedance is proposed in this paper. When the out-zone fault occurs, the value of the imaginary part of the virtual sequence transition impedance is greater than the relay setting value of fault location. For internal faults, the current calculated is high as the protection startup threshold and the value range of the imaginary part of each virtual sequence transition impedance is much less than the setting value, which distinguish the fault types at the same time. Compared with the traditional methods, the proposed method is not affected by the fault location, fault types, transition resistance, line capacitance current, and weak feed line fault. Furthermore, the setting value does not need to be settled and the setting rule is clear.