Pilot Projects In China Research Articles

Performance evaluation of restaurant food waste and biowaste to biogas pilot projects in China and implications for national policy

The objective of this research was to conduct a performance evaluation of three food waste/biowaste-to-biogas pilot projects across 7 scenarios in China based on multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methodology. The projects ranked included a food waste-biogas project in Beijing, a food waste-biogas project in Suzhou and a co-digestion project producing biomethane in Hainan. The projects were ranked from best to worst based on technical, economic and environmental criteria under the MCDA framework. The results demonstrated that some projects are encountering operational problems. Based on these findings, six national policy recommendations were provided: (1) shift away from capital investment subsidies to performance-based subsidies; (2) re-design feed in tariffs; (3) promote bio-methane and project clustering; (4) improve collection efficiency by incentivizing FW producers to direct waste to biogas projects; (5) incentivize biogas projects to produce multiple outputs; (6) incentivize food waste-based projects to co-digest food waste with other substrates for higher gas output.

An Internet-of-Things solution for food safety and quality control: A pilot project in China

Abstract Serval shaking-world food safety incidents happened in China recently shows that Chinese are facing with a serious problem of food safety, happened in China recently. Because food supplies are decentralized in many regions and agencies, it is very hard for the Chinese government to supervise these supplies’ businesses. Fortunately, with the help of the technologies of the Internet of Things, the food supplies can become more transparent and safer than before. Hence, on the basis of the Internet of Things, this paper introduces a pilot project in China: the Internet of Agricultural Things (AIoT for short), which integrates state-of-the-art technologies to provide a method to easily track and trace the supply processes of foods. So that, AIoT can counter the food safety problem. In AIoT, we leverage the enhanced technologies of service oriented architecture, global identification and parsing, and electronic pedigree. Especially, AIoT may fuse the sensed data from the supply chains of fresh vegetables to show an intuitive view for users, including end customers. These fusions may help the users make decisions more easily when they are buying foods or supervising the food supplies. In addition, we deploy AIoT in several application scenarios, including Lushang Ltd., the biggest food supplier in Shangdong Province. According to the deployment and evaluation of the whole platform, the enhanced technologies for the Internet of Agricultural Things are proved to be efficient and effective in improving the safety of food supplies.

Enforcement of Emissions Trading. Sanction Regimes of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading in the EU and China

This chapter aims to further the debate regarding the role of law for establishing an adequate enforcement strategy for an emissions trading scheme. We focus on sanction regimes within the EU ETS and the Chinese emissions trading pilot projects. Section 2 sets the scene by pointing at the need of an adequate enforcement approach and related legal scholarship. Section three presents the specific case of the EU ETS, established with Directive 2003/87/EC from 2003, while section 4 turns to the recently developed greenhouse gas emissions trading pilot projects in China. Particularly the sections 3 and 4 focus on sanctions for excess emissions, thereby discussing recent case law regarding penalties for emissions trading within the EU and specific enforcement approaches in the emerging emissions trading regimes in China. Section 5 concludes, thereby highlighting that proper evaluations of compliance with emissions trading regimes, is a challenge in itself, not only for governments, but also for academics who want to gain further insights into how emissions trading regimes work in the practice of different legal systems. In conclusion, access to information regarding compliance and enforcement with an emissions trading regime needs to be further explored, not only for China but also for the EU.

The Research Status and Development Trend of Electric Vehicle Power Supply Technology

Electric vehicle (EV) power supply infrastructure construction and the related technologies are the prerequisite and core of the EV industry development respectively. This paper introduces the technology research and application situation of charging, battery swapping and smart charging/battery swap service network operation management in China, and meanwhile introduces the EV energy supply infrastructure construction and some typical pilot projects in China. And the EV energy supply technologies development trend is discussed at last.

The Research Status and Development Trend of Electric Vehicle Power Supply Technology

Electric vehicle (EV) power supply infrastructure construction and the related technologies are the prerequisite and core of the EV industry development respectively. This paper introduces the technology research and application situation of charging, battery swapping and smart charging/battery swap service network operation management in China, and meanwhile introduces the EV energy supply infrastructure construction and some typical pilot projects in China. And the EV energy supply technologies development trend is discussed at last.

The Research Status and Development Trend of Electric Vehicle Power Supply Technology

Electric vehicle (EV) power supply infrastructure construction and the related technologies are the prerequisite and core of the EV industry development respectively. This paper introduces the technology research and application situation of charging, battery swapping and smart charging/battery swap service network operation management in China, and meanwhile introduces the EV energy supply infrastructure construction and some typical pilot projects in China. And the EV energy supply technologies development trend is discussed at last.

Screening patients with Diabetes Mellitus for Tuberculosis in China

There is a high burden of both diabetes (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) in China, and as DM increases the risk of TB and adversely affects TB treatment outcomes, there is a need for bidirectional screening of the two diseases. How this is best performed is not well determined. In this pilot project in China, we aimed to assess the feasibility and results of screening DM patients for TB within the routine healthcare setting of five DM clinics. Agreement on how to screen, monitor and record was reached in May 2011 at a national stakeholders meeting, and training was carried out for staff in the five clinics in July 2011. Implementation started in September 2011, and we report on 7 months of activities up to 31 March 2012. DM patients were screened for TB at each clinic attendance using a symptom-based enquiry, and those positive to any symptom were referred for TB investigations. In the three quarters, 72% of 3174 patients, 79% of 7196 patients and 68% of 4972 patients were recorded as having been screened for TB, resulting in 7 patients found who were already known to have TB, 92 with a positive TB symptom screen and 48 of these newly diagnosed with TB as a result of referral and investigation. All patients except one were started on anti-TB treatment. TB case notification rates in screened DM patients were several times higher than those of the general population, were highest for the five sites combined in the final quarter (774/100 000) and were highest in one of the five clinics in the final quarter (804/100 000) where there was intensive in-house training, special assignment of staff for screening and colocation of services. This pilot project shows that it is feasible to carry out screening of DM patients for TB resulting in high detection rates of TB. This has major public health and patient-related implications.

The Best-of-2-Worlds philosophy: Developing local dismantling and global infrastructure network for sustainable e-waste treatment in emerging economies

E-waste is a complex waste category containing both hazardous and valuable substances. It demands for a cost-efficient treatment system which simultaneously liberates and refines target fractions in an environmentally sound way. In most developing countries there is a lack of systems covering all steps from disposal until final processing due to limited infrastructure and access to technologies and investment. This paper introduces the ‘Best-of-2-Worlds’ philosophy (Bo2W), which provides a network and pragmatic solution for e-waste treatment in emerging economies. It seeks technical and logistic integration of ‘best’ pre-processing in developing countries to manually dismantle e-waste and ‘best’ end-processing to treat hazardous and complex fractions in international state-of-the-art end-processing facilities. A series of dismantling trials was conducted on waste desktop computers, IT equipment, large and small household appliances, in order to compare the environmental and economic performances of the Bo2W philosophy with other conventional recycling scenarios. The assessment showed that the performance of the Bo2W scenario is more eco-efficient than mechanical separation scenarios and other local treatment solutions. For equipment containing substantial hazardous substances, it demands the assistance from domestic legislation for mandatory removal and safe handling of such fractions together with proper financing to cover the costs. Experience from Bo2W pilot projects in China and India highlighted key societal factors influencing successful implementation. These include market size, informal competitors, availability of national e-waste legislation, formal take-back systems, financing and trust between industrial players. The Bo2W philosophy can serve as a pragmatic and environmentally responsible transition before establishment of end-processing facilities in developing countries is made feasible. The executive models of Bo2W should be flexibly differentiated for various countries by adjusting to local conditions related to operational scale, level of centralized operations, dismantling depth, combination with mechanical processing and optimized logistics to international end-processors.

Potential calculation and grading ring design for ceramic insulators in 1000 kV UHV substations

The electromagnetic environment of insulators in substations is more complicated than that in transmission lines, this difference gets more prominent as the system voltage increases. Considering all the influencing factors, this paper presents the calculation results of the potential and electric field distribution of the ceramic insulator strings in 1000 kV ultra-high voltage (UHV) substations, using a three-dimensional (3-D) finiteelement method (FEM) software. Factors that affect the potential distribution such as grading ring, jumper, string structure, mounting location and drop conductors have been analyzed. The structural parameters of grading ring were optimized. A use of double ring was proposed for terminal tension insulators. A true-type test was carried out to verify the reliability of the FEM calculation method and results. The optimized grading ring configuration was successfully applied on the 1000 kV UHV pilot project in China and it was proved very effective by field observations with an ultraviolet camera.

Medical curriculum reform in Sun Yat-sen University: implications from the results of GMER evaluation in China

Created by interlocking economies, a global language, the informatics revolution and rapid travel, globalization has penetrated all aspects of human life including science, environment, public health and medicine. Physicians are now members of a global community. The global physician should possess universal core essential competences required for medical practice throughout the world. The Institute for International Medical Education (IIME), created by the China Medical Board (CMB) of New York, has developed the “ global minimal essential requirements” (GMER) that define the knowledge, skills, professional behavior and ethics that all physicians must have regardless of where they received their general medical education and training. The IIME initiated a pilot project in China in October, 2003, to evaluate the graduates of the 7- or 8-year track program of eight leading medical schools, including Medical School of Sun Yat-sen University. The results of GMER evaluation indicated strengths and areas for improvement of our school in relation to international standards, which greatly re-invigorate our enthusiasm on medical curriculum reform on the new 8-year track program in Medical School of Sun Yat-sen University. The modifications of our medical curriculum for the new 8-year track program based on the results of GMER evaluation are discussed in this paper.