Pillars Of Policy Research Articles

Critical Review of Policy Pillars of Development Agenda for Western Nigeria, (D.A.W.N.)

The study reiterates the need to differentiate a policy document by verifying the issues it is concerned with. Specifically, it underscores the critical need to pay attention to the real issues of development in a development -centered policy document, and ascertaining if the policy document facilitates the planning and implementation of development programs that meet the needs of the people. To justify this assertion, the paper conducts a critical review of the Development Agenda for Western Nigeria, DAWN, with a view to knowing the substantive information and material in the policy in relation to the policy document in terms of the nine pillars of the document. Among other factors, It sought to know how the concept of Development is constructed in the document in terms of related theory as well as whether it was motivated by a traditional paradigm of technocratic, money driven, top -down approach to development, or by a commitment to the participatory approach. The study observes that the drafters of the document understand and place a high premium on the central role of policy content especially in the sustainable development document. However, it was observed that no visible attempt was made to enshrine clauses and other salient provisions to enforce continuity, accountability, transparency and probity in the document.

Critical Review of Policy Pillars of Development Agenda for Western Nigeria, (D.A.W.N.)

The study reiterates the need to differentiate a policy document by verifying the issues it is concerned with. Specifically, it underscores the critical need to pay attention to the real issues of development in a development -centered policy document, and ascertaining if the policy document facilitates the planning and implementation of development programs that meet the needs of the people. To justify this assertion, the paper conducts a critical review of the Development Agenda for Western Nigeria, DAWN, with a view to knowing the substantive information and material in the policy in relation to the policy document in terms of the nine pillars of the document. Among other factors, It sought to know how the concept of Development is constructed in the document in terms of related theory as well as whether it was motivated by a traditional paradigm of technocratic, money driven, top -down approach to development, or by a commitment to the participatory approach. The study observes that the drafters of the document understand and place a high premium on the central role of policy content especially in the sustainable development document. However, it was observed that no visible attempt was made to enshrine clauses and other salient provisions to enforce continuity, accountability, transparency and probity in the document.

Linking science with media and policy: The case of academics in Flanders, Belgium

Abstract There is a growing expectation for academics to go public, that is, to actively engage with the media and supply policy advice for decision-makers. Data showing these interactions are scarce. By linking data from FRIS, BelgaPress, and Overton, this study reveals a first snapshot of academics’ media mentions and policy citations for all active academics from Dutch-speaking universities in Belgium. Exploratory analysis reveals distinct sector differences, with academics from Social sciences, Medical, and Health sciences being most visible. A small minority of mostly male academics featured very often in media as media figures, contrasted by much more discrete policy pillars whose publications were cited often but hardly featured in traditional media.

Bringing in the third pillar: protective legislation and the welfare state

ABSTRACT Welfare state research over the past five decades has largely focused on two broad social policy pillars: (1) arrays of income programmes, such as social assistance, unemployment insurance, family allowances and pensions, and (2) a range of social services, including childcare, healthcare, social housing and education. However, an important cluster of policy measures, constituting a third policy pillar, has been largely neglected in the cross-national welfare state research to date, protective legislation. It comprises the networks of protective and regulatory laws and constitutional rights emplaced to secure and promote our welfare. Central to all social policy areas, these measures, including rent control policies, workplace health and safety laws, legislation preventing discrimination against people with disabilities and child corporal punishment bans, are distinct from laws that determine access to income programmes and social services or set out the terms of their provision. Rather, they constitute a standalone third category of policy measures, are key components of all welfare states and, depending upon how they are actualised, can be just as central to our well-being and the promotion of our welfare. They can also have compounding or synergistic interactions with policies in the other two policy pillars.

LE GENRE AU PRISME DE LA TERRITORIALISATION DES POLITIQUES PUBLIQUES SPORTIVES AU SENEGAL LE PARADOXE DAKAROIS

Sport is one of the pillars of public policy in Senegal, as defined in law n°84-59 on the sports charter. It is based on three pillars: mass practice, physical education and competitive sport. The consideration of sport by local authorities is a significant reality. However, the field of sport in Senegal is still marked by disparities and inequalities, both horizontal and vertical (Diatta, 2007), in all sectors in general and particularly in mass sport where inequalities are especially evident from a gender perspective. Indeed, apart from a socio-cultural heritage more or less hostile to the practice of sport, especially instituted due to the norms of hegemonic femininity, traditional and religious norms (Ndongo, 2017), it is clear that the inadequacies linked to the territorialisation of sports policies seem to constitute a significant determinant of these inequalities. This article proposes to analyse the territorialisation of sports policies from the point of view of their relationship with gender in the department of Dakar. The aim is to reflect on the means, strategies and actions mobilised to promote competitive sport among women in Senegal.

سیاست‌جنایی تقنینی افغانستان در برابر جرایم مالی کارکنان دولت با تأکید به اقدامات پیشگیرانه در سطح قانون‌گذاری و نهادهای رسمی

Criminal policy comprises a set of approaches through which responsible institutions respond to criminal phenomena to safeguard social order. Legislative criminal policy is one of the pillars of criminal policy and refers to the thought or response of a country's legislature to criminal phenomena. In legislative criminal policy, laws must be coherent, clear, and specific, preventing judges from interpreting legal texts differently. Inadequate laws lead to increased misunderstandings and judicial innovations. Agents and employees of the government represent a significant portion of a country's national assets. Their selection and employment as government agents and employees require passing through several stages, demonstrating their importance and competency. A significant portion of a country's assets is entrusted to government employees. Easy and direct access to vast amounts of information, confidential documents, government and non-government properties, as well as possessing executive power, may pose serious threats to government assets and individuals, providing government employees with the groundwork for committing crimes. Preventive measures are a proactive response to criminal phenomena that can be effective in deterring criminal activities before they occur. The question of the article is dedicated to exploring the impact of preventive measures on reducing crimes. The hypothesis consists of responses and proactive mechanisms that lead to a decrease in opportunities and contexts for committing crimes. The research method is defined as descriptive-analytical and library-based.

The Pillars of Power and Policy of Social Policymaking in Authoritarian Regimes

This article addresses the puzzle of the politics of social policy formation by two post-communist authoritarian regimes in China and Russia. It argues that two interrelated dimensions—which we term the pillars of power and policy—shape social policymaking and change in authoritarian regimes and support authoritarian regime stability. The pillar of power involves autocrats’ bargains with the public and elites, while the policy pillar includes bureaucratic and ideational processes. The latter are understood as the way policy actors perceive problems, choose solutions, and frame their policy choices. To demonstrate this empirically, the article analyzes and compares Chinese and Russian housing policies between 1990 and 2020. We find that despite bureaucratic competition within the policy pillar, neoliberal policy beliefs have guided policy while statist measures served to support—in China—and deepen—in Russia—the neoliberal approach focused on private homeownership. Yet, neoliberal measures have been channeled in ways that underpinned and adjusted the authoritarian regime bargains with different segments of the public and the elite within the pillar of power. Policy framing to match social cultural ideas was used in both countries to support public acceptance of the neoliberal measures while underlining the state’s care for people’s housing needs.

Investigating Criminal Policy with the Delmas-Marty Approach

The policy-making process in the field of criminal law is a highly complex process. Most governments have reacted to criminal phenomena based on their own interests. The response to criminal events is closely related to the culture and norms prevailing in each country. Criminal policy, which essentially examines the reactions of governing bodies to criminal phenomena, can contribute to the objectives of criminal law, namely the rehabilitation and education of criminals and the provision of justice in society. This research raises questions about what criminal policy is, which pillars it is based on, and which model of criminal policy can be suitable for addressing criminal events. The assumption is that criminal policy refers to the government or governing body's response to criminal phenomena. The pillars of criminal policy include legislative criminal policy, judicial criminal policy, executive criminal policy, and participatory criminal policy, and the best model of criminal policy is the liberal model. The main objective of this research is to achieve a unified and accepted concept of criminal policy, and its secondary objectives involve identifying the pillars and models of criminal policy. In this study, the analytical-descriptive method is employed, and library resources, scientific articles, and reputable journals are utilized. The most significant obstacle faced in this research is the lack of resources in the field of criminal policy in Afghanistan.

Factors to be Considered in Financing Rural Women

Gender segregation still persist in the financial sector, rural women face various challenges in accessing financial services and products especially in the rural areas. Men own most of the land and agricultural machines in the rural areas. The Post structural Feminist theory will be used in this study to show that women are different from men and have different categories that need to be considered in rural financial services. Women constitute 52% of the Zimbabwean population yet they are not fully benefiting from financing programmes. As a result, they resort to informal channels of financing such as Self Help Groups in form of Rotating Savings Cooperatives and Associations (ROSCAs) which offer limited funds at exorbitant interest rates. Rural women usually find challenges to meet the Know Your Customer (KYC) requirements from many financial institutions because gender issues are often ignored in the formulation, implementation and evaluation of these programmes. Policy pillars to include gender in rural finance will also be discussed. Importance of rural financial services and the challenges that rural women face in the financial sector will be discussed. Gender issues in the rural financial sector will be explored so that rural women can meaningfully benefit from available programmes hence reduced poverty.

NextGenerationEU and the European Semester: Comparing National Plans and Country‐Specific Recommendations

This article examines the main features of the Recovery and Resilience Plans (RRPs) that member states have presented to access NextGenerationEU (NGEU) funds, and it explores the relationship between NGEU and the European Semester. Relying on a dataset collected for this purpose, which coded all RRPs and all recommendations received by the member states in the years preceding NGEU, we explore quantitatively the variation in the countries’ resource allocation and reform agendas and the congruence between RRPs and the recommendations issued in the European Semester. Our analysis reveals three key findings. First, substantial variation exists across member states, reflecting the diverse economic and political contexts shaped by a decade of crises. Second, by disaggregating RRPs into the six policy pillars indicated by the Commission, we show differences in the member states’ patterns of intervention. Third, we offer insights into the extent to which member states address the Semester recommendations. The data we present is a relevant tool for understanding NGEU and generating research questions aimed at exploring its nature and its implementation in the years to come.

Sustainability Assessment of Tourism Destinations from the Lens of Green Digital Transformations

The rapid expansion of tourist destinations has important environmental, climate change, and socioeconomic impacts on countries. The main objectives of the paper are: to analyze sustainable tourism concepts, indicators, and frameworks of sustainability assessment in tourism; to develop a framework for sustainable tourism assessment of tourist destinations; to apply a developed framework for sustainability assessment of tourism destinations in Visegrad countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) from the lens of green, digital transformations and boosting social-economic resilience. These are crucial policy pillars due to experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main methods and data applied: several MCDM tools were applied to rank Visegrad countries on the progress achieved in sustainable tourism development. The data on indicators of the EU Tourism Dashboard were applied. The results of the ranking indicated that the best-performing country in terms of sustainable tourism development was Poland, following Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. The main reason for this was the best results in digitalization and social-economic resilience shown by Poland and Hungary. The main policy implications for these countries are linked to the enhancement of environmental impact mitigation policies in tourism. The main contribution of this paper is a sustainability assessment of tourism destinations in Visegrad countries based on policy priorities and the newest available data by applying advanced MCDM tools.

Policy complementarity and the paradox of carbon pricing

AbstractWe present an economics framework appropriate to the exceptionally broad scope of the climate change problem. This considers that economic and social processes, particularly those involved in purposive transitions of energy technologies and systems, involve the interplay between three distinct domains of decision-making and associated actors. The first concerns small-scale and often short-term decision-making, much of which reflects extensive ‘satisficing’ and habituation as identified in behavioural economics. Calculated economic optimization decisions, especially of companies in the energy and energy-intensive industries, then best reflect the core assumptions of neoclassical and welfare economics, including discrete market failures. Third, at the largest scale are strategic judgements made by big actors (e.g. governments, large multinational companies) relevant to transformation of complex systems over long periods—particularly concerning innovation and structural changes, for which lessons from theories of evolutionary and institutional economics are most relevant.Economically, these can be logically mapped in relation to the technology (or more accurately, ‘best practice’) frontier. Each has corresponding policy implications: most directly, respectively in terms of (i) standards and engagement to establish norms; (ii) competitive markets with the critical role of prices; and (iii) strategic investment in innovation and infrastructure. Each faces challenges of implementation and government failure, as observed, for example, with wholly inadequate carbon pricing to date, naïve and ineffective approaches to enhancing energy efficiency, or misdirected support to R&D. Based on the domain distinctions, we argue that the corresponding pillars of policy are naturally complementary, and can be mutually supportive: strong standards and norms on energy efficiency, for example, would enhance the political space for carbon pricing by reducing its direct consumer impacts, while carbon pricing has multiple positive two-way interactions with enhanced low-carbon innovation.From this we also posit a ‘carbon pricing paradox’: that adequate carbon prices, the central recommendation of most economists, are in most jurisdictions only feasible (or even optimal) if equal analytic and policy attention is devoted to the other pillars, and the wider context of macroeconomic and fiscal policies. Only these other aspects can reduce the absolute cost impact of carbon pricing (potentially turning into a gain) and offer consumers and businesses better lower-carbon alternatives, which are critical to establishing climate-compatible pricing structures across our economies.

Multicultural Diversity Workforce and Global Technology Collaboration Empowered Semiconductor Manufacturing Excellence in Taiwan: A Manufacturing Engineer’s Perspective

Abstract This paper summarizes the perspectives from a manufacturing engineer on how the government policy, global partnership, and diversity of the United States (US), Japanese, European, and traditional Chinese cultures in Taiwan have created a workforce of semiconductor manufacturing talent in the past five decades. The complex interwoven events of Covid-19 pandemic, supply chain resilience, national security, and geopolitical conflicts have made semiconductor manufacturing a key focus of government policy. As a world leader in integrated circuit (IC) design, design software, equipment, and research, the US has struggled in the past few years on the high yield volume manufacturing of the most advanced logic IC and failed to translate research innovations to quality production. Manufacturing, not innovation or equipment, is a key barrier of the US semiconductor industry. Two models for excellence in advanced manufacturing are described. Three pillars of government policy, global collaboration, and multicultural diversity empower semiconductor manufacturing excellence in Taiwan is described. An approach to evaluate, select, educate, and train manufacturing talents is proposed. Directions for semiconductor manufacturing research are discussed. There is no genius in semiconductor manufacturing, which requires extensive experience and continuous improvement without shortcuts to be competitive. The steadfast good government policy, multicultural diversity workforce, and global technology collaboration to achieve semiconductor manufacturing excellence are the focus of the conclusion.

Analysis of Determination of Sea Toll Routes in Eastern Indonesia (KTI) Using Dynamic Programming

The sea highway program is part of the fourth pillar, namely the pillars of the maritime economy, infrastructure and increasing welfare, one of the seven pillars of Indonesia's Maritime Policy (KKI). The aim of the Sea Highway Program is to grow the maritime economy by turning the sea into a production and marketi ng center between the Indonesian territory and the islands and surrounding areas. This study aims to analyze the decision of maritime highway routes in Eastern Indonesia Region (KTI) in order to provide the best route with a minimum distance. Four shipping highway routes from Surabaya to Eastern Indonesia Region, namely route T-13 (Tanjung Perak-Rote (Ndao)-Sabu (Biu)-Tanjung Perak), T-14 (Tanjung Perak-Lembata (Lewoleba)-Tabilota/Larantuka- Tanjung Perak), T-15 (Cape Perak-Makassar (Soekarno Hatta)-Jailolo-Morotai (Daruba)-Tanjung Perak), and T-18 (Tanjung Perak-Badas-Bima-Merauke (Kelapa Lima)-Tanjung Perak) combined into 1 (one) route from Tanjung Perak to Merauke, resulting in 1 (one) optimal route with the minimum distance obtained from the smallest value at each stage . This study uses quantitative methods and Multistage Graph problem-solving techniques with Dynamic Programming backward or bottom-up methods, and primary data collection through interviews and secondary data such as: documents/journals/books. The selected optimal route is (Tanjung Perak-Makassar-Tabilota/Larantuka-Sabu (Biu)-Merauke (Kelapa Lima)) with a distance from Tanjung Perak to Makassar is 437 Nm. Makassar to Tabilota/Larantuka is 340 Nm. Tabilota/Larantuka to Sabu (Biu) is 163.8 Nm. Sabu (Biu) to Merauke (Kelapa Lima) is 1261.24 Nm. So that the total shipping distance from Tanjung Perak to Merauke is 2202.04 Nm.

Nurturing Democratic Global Citizens: Exploring Plurilingualism and the Plurilingual and Intercultural Education

This article sheds light on the notion of plurilingualism, one of key pillars of language policy proposed by Council of Europe and it offers some further explorations on ways to practicing it in school and classroom context. By studying plurilingualism and the plurilingual and intercultural education, the author concludes this review with some practical suggestions for nurturing democratic global citizens.

A Study of Post-Cold War German Policy Towards the Iranian Nuclear Issue

Germany has been an important participant in the resolution of the Iranian nuclear issue, and the evolution of the Iranian nuclear crisis has become a major event in the international community at the beginning of the 21st century. The U.S. pursued unilateralism and hegemony, advocating unilateral sanctions and coercive means to solve the problem, while the EU, led by Germany, adhered to multilateralism and advocated a peaceful solution through negotiations and other means. After Merkel came to power, she promptly adjusted her policy towards the U.S., made the U.S. accept the EU proposal, shaped Germany into a role that is bold to challenge and take responsibility in the face of crises, pushed the UN Security Council to reach multilateral sanctions and comprehensive EU sanctions against Iran, and finally reached the Iran nuclear deal. This journey fully demonstrates Germany’s pursuit of foreign policy autonomy in the post-Cold War era, balancing the two pillars of foreign policy towards Europe and the U.S. in pursuit of its own interests.

Identifikasi Manajemen Pelayanan Publik Dengan Pendekatan Smart Governance Pada PPSDM Migas

Public service is the implementation of the obligations of the government apparatus as a state servant, a public service intended to fulfill the rights of citizens and create good governance. This research aims to find out the management of public servants with a good governance approach at the Center for Human Resources Development of Oil and Gas. The benefits of this research as a material for the study and evaluation of public services in the Center for Human Resources Development of Oil and Gas in order to realize the principles in value good governance. The results of this study show that the quality of public service management at PPSDM Migas has been done well. This can be seen from the percentage of achievements on the five policy pillars used to realize optimization of service performance. In addition, public services in PPSDM Migas have also been in accordance with good governance by involving internal and external parties in conducting public sector management in accordance with the needs of the community, especially in the field of oil and gas.

Genuine policy learning is fundamental: the journey of the United Arab Emirates toward the establishment of health technology assessment.

The launch of innovative technologies has been credited with significant improvements in health indicators, but it comes at a high financial impact, and the value of certain innovations may not be well documented. Health technology assessment (HTA) is a universally established process to assess the incremental value of innovations. Despite its acknowledged value, almost one-third of the countries around the globe have not established yet a formal HTA in their health systems. The UAE is one of the pioneering countries worldwide in adopting innovative health technologies. This emphasizes the importance of exploring the key elements in the UAE's journey toward the establishment of HTA. Our study aims to articulate an academic insight that can support the ongoing endeavors to establish the HTA in the UAE. This case study was guided by an analytical framework. Data was collected from document review and semistructured interviews, then analyzed by applying the codebook thematic analysis technique. The findings outline multiple facilitators and challenges in the perspective process, as they show a multidimensional interlink between all identified elements. Markedly, leveraging the role of specialized academia and building HTA genuine knowledge are the areas that need the most attention. The originality of this research is associated with analyzing the three health policy pillars: the context, actors, and content in a prospective HTA establishment process. The main practical implications generated from this study are supporting global health organizations, HTA policy entrepreneurs, and academics in improving their strategies and designing more effective HTA policy learning programs.

Soft Power in Iran's Foreign Policy

This research intends to analyze the concept of soft power within the framework of international relations. The concept of soft power as a modern issue in the field of international relations has in a short period of time gained great importance and has become an important tool in foreign policy of countries. It means that in the current era, this concept consists of one of the main pillars of foreign policy of the state. Iran, as a state with culture and old civilization, has also been reflected as a regional lying force in its foreign policy as a tool. In this context, the research is discussing the main tools that Iran relies on soft power in foreign policy. In addition to discussing the opportunity to use soft force in Iran's foreign policy, the research also discusses the problems and challenges facing Iran's foreign policy in its implementation.

Conceptualizing Pakistan's evolving nuclear policy after two decades of nuclearization

This article attempts to answer the question as to how much nuclear ambiguity prevails within the broader contours of Pakistan's nuclear policy and how challenging this could be for its evolving nuclear policy. While conceptualizing the rudimentary pillars of Pakistan's evolving nuclear policy, this article implies that although nuclear ambiguity plays a central role in Pakistan's evolving nuclear policy particularly at the operational level, it remains less ambiguous at the declaratory level despite the absence of detailed official documentation. As part of the policy implication for Pakistan in general and the South Asian region in particular, this article concludes that on the one hand nuclear ambiguity helps shape the essential pillars of Pakistan's nuclear policy, but on the other hand too much nuclear ambiguity in turn could become challenging for Pakistan as its nuclear policy gradually evolves to secure a effective command and control system for newer deterrent forces, retain flexibility between the nuclear and conventional forces, and strive for nuclear legitimacy.