Pillai's Trace Research Articles

Development Of Sociological-Based Social Science Teaching Materials to Improve Students’ Humanistic Attitudes and Multicultural Skills in Elementary School in Denpasar City

This research was initiated due to the low level of humanistic attitudes and multicultural skills of students in Social Science subjects in the Fifth Grade. This research aims to create a product in the form of sociological-based teaching materials (e-modules). The type of this research is Research and Development (R&D). This research applied the Borg and Gall development model. The Borg and Gall development model has relatively long stages; there are 10 implementation stages. The instrument of this research is questionnaires. The data analysis which was conducted on the developed teaching materials shows that it can be categorized as "excellent". The results of the tests show that there is an effect between the developed sociological-based teaching materials and each dependent variable. Besides, a further test was implemented to determine the simultaneous effect of sociological-based teaching materials on students' humanistic attitudes and multicultural skills. The results of significant treatment by Pillai's Trace, Wilks' Lambda, Hotelling's Trace, and Roy's Largest Root procedures show a significant value was 0.000, where 0.000 < 0.05; according to the criteria, H0 (rejected) and H1 (accepted), the independent variable of sociological-based teaching materials shows an effect on the dependent variables (humanistic attitudes and multicultural skills). The results of this research indicate that sociological-based teaching materials are feasible to be used.

Machine Learning Analysis in Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging for Discriminating Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumors: A Repeatability and Accuracy Pilot Study.

Background and purpose: Differentiating pediatric posterior fossa (PF) tumors such as medulloblastoma (MB), ependymoma (EP), and pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) remains relevant, because of important treatment and prognostic implications. Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) has not yet been investigated for discrimination of pediatric PF tumors. Estimating diffusion values from whole-tumor-based (VOI) segmentations may improve diffusion measurement repeatability compared to conventional region-of-interest (ROI) approaches. Our purpose was to compare repeatability between ROI and VOI DKI-derived diffusion measurements and assess DKI accuracy in discriminating among pediatric PF tumors. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 34 children (M, F, mean age 7.48 years) with PF tumors who underwent preoperative examination on a 3 Tesla magnet, including DKI. For each patient, two neuroradiologists independently segmented the whole solid tumor, the ROI of the area of maximum tumor diameter, and a small 5 mm ROI. The automated analysis pipeline included inter-observer variability, statistical, and machine learning (ML) analyses. We evaluated inter-observer variability with coefficient of variation (COV) and Bland-Altman plots. We estimated DKI metrics accuracy in discriminating among tumor histology with MANOVA analysis. In order to account for class imbalances, we applied SMOTE to balance the dataset. Finally, we performed a Random Forest (RF) machine learning classification analysis based on all DKI metrics from the SMOTE dataset by partitioning 70/30 the training and testing cohort. Results: Tumor histology included medulloblastoma (15), pilocytic astrocytoma (14), and ependymoma (5). VOI-based measurements presented lower variability than ROI-based measurements across all DKI metrics and were used for the analysis. DKI-derived metrics could accurately discriminate between tumor subtypes (Pillai's trace: p < 0.001). SMOTE generated 11 synthetic observations (10 EP and 1 PA), resulting in a balanced dataset with 45 instances (34 original and 11 synthetic). ML analysis yielded an accuracy of 0.928, which correctly predicted all but one lesion in the testing set. Conclusions: VOI-based measurements presented improved repeatability compared to ROI-based measurements across all diffusion metrics. An ML classification algorithm resulted accurate in discriminating PF tumors on a SMOTE-generated dataset. ML techniques based on DKI-derived metrics are useful for the discrimination of pediatric PF tumors.

Enhancing Science Education Through the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) Learning Model: An Experimental Study on Process Skills and Learning Outcomes at Middle School

This study investigates the implementation of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) Learning Model, which emphasizes teamwork and individual accountability. Traditional teaching methods often fail to actively engage students in developing analytical and practical skills. The STAD model aims to enhance students' process skills and learning outcomes in science education. The research was conducted at SMP Muhammadiyah Ambon with seventh-grade students from four classes. Two classes were randomly selected, with class VIIa as the experimental group (30 students) and another class as the control group (30 students). Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis (MANOVA) with SPSS version 26.0. A quantitative experimental approach was employed, using a Pre-test, Post-test, and Non-equivalent Control Group design. Data collection focused on science process skills and learning outcomes. The results demonstrated a significant impact of the STAD model on improving learning outcomes and science process skills. There was a notable increase in average scores from pre-test to post-test in both experimental and control groups. MANOVA results (Pillai's Trace, Wilks' Lambda, Hotelling's Trace, and Roy's Largest Root) showed very high F-values, indicating significant differences between the groups in enhancing students' science process skills and learning achievements. The STAD model proved more effective than traditional methods, suggesting its integration into a collaboration-based curriculum. Effective implementation requires STAD-based teacher training, including team formation techniques, motivational strategies, and methods for assessing team performance. Adopting these recommendations can significantly boost student participation, teamwork skills, and overall learning outcomes.

Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise's Impact on Cognitive Functions in Eighth Grade Students.

The present study examined the impact of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on cognitive abilities in eighth grade students at one middle school in southeastern US. It is known that youth do not meet recommended physical activity levels, yet there is research demonstrating a clear connection between aerobic exercise and academic performance. There is a gap in evidence regarding anaerobic exercise and cognitive capabilities. If professionals know which type of exercise is most beneficial for enhancing cognition in youth, it will behoove them to incorporate these practices in physical education and other areas throughout the school day for students. Thus, this research aimed to answer the following question: what is the effect of both aerobic and anaerobic exercise on the cognitive functions of eighth grade students, specifically measuring working memory, attention, and impulsivity? Fifty research participants (N = 31 males, 18 females, 1 other), aged 13-14, consented/assented to the complete study protocols. Participants engaged in an experiment containing three different cognitive tasks after partaking in three separate exercise conditions. The cognitive measures were the Stroop color-word task, the Flanker test, and the Go/No Go task, which all measured reaction time and the number of correct responses. The exercise conditions were baseline (after no exercise), aerobic (after a continuous running activity in PE), and anaerobic (after completing an interval dumbbell workout in PE). Each condition took place on a separate day to decrease the effect of confounding variables. The data were analyzed using the Scheffe modification of the MANOVA to determine whether multiple levels of the independent variable influenced the dependent variables (the reaction time and number of correct responses) or if a combination of variables influenced the outcomes. Each cognitive test was analyzed separately. The results showed that the exercise condition did significantly impact the reaction time and the number of correct responses for the Stroop color-word task [F(4, 254) = 8.59, p < 0.001; Pillai's Trace = 0.24]. Specifically, aerobic exercise improved both reaction time (p < 0.001) and the number of correct responses (p = 0.001) compared to baseline, while anaerobic exercise improved just reaction time compared to baseline. To find out more detailed information about the specific dependent variable affected by the exercise program, individual ANOVA tests were conducted, resulting in statistical significance for both the number of correct responses and reaction time regarding the program. The partial Eta2 of 0.07 for the number of correct responses and 0.24 for reaction time indicated that 7% of the variance in correct responses and 24% of the variance in reaction time could be explained by the exercise program. While both are significant, reaction time is more impacted by exercise program than correct responses are. Given these findings, it is recommended that aerobic physical activity be offered in school prior to assigning cognitively challenging tasks, while quick anaerobic activity breaks should be used to refocus students' attention. More research should be conducted to examine other cognitive abilities, as well as in other populations.

Effects of Smartphone Addiction on the Physical and Mental Well-being of Indian Students

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the influence of varying levels of addiction, ranging from no addiction to extremely high addiction, on the physical and mental well-being of Indian students. Methods: The study is descriptive and based on the survey method. The six constructs and 15 physical and mental well-being items were assessed on the 5-point Likert scale. The composite scores were computed and classified into five categories. Findings: The results revealed that students aged 18-22 and 23-27 heavily rely on smartphones to explore their identity, socialize, and engage in academic and professional endeavours; male and female students and 91% of Professional/vocational training students exhibit the highest frequency of moderate addiction. Students (39%) spend 2-4 hours on smartphones daily based on individual preferences, habits, and lifestyle factors. A positive correlation was found between age and addiction group as well as between addiction group and smartphone usage, and negative correlations were found between smartphone usage and age groups. A significant correlation exists between an inability to control carvings (ICC), dependency (D), Conflict (C), Over-Usage (OU) and Withdrawal and Escape (WE), and all these have the greatest contribution to the first variate. MANOVA Analysis Pillai's Trace (&lt;0.001); Wilks' Lambda (&lt;0.001); Hotelling's Trace (&lt;0.001); Roy's Largest Root (&lt;0.001) revealed substantial disparities among groups stratified by addiction severity spanning from no addiction to extremely high addiction across a spectrum of physical and mental well-being dimensions among Indian students. The discriminant function plot effectively illustrated the discernment achieved in varying levels of smartphone addiction, notably accentuating differences among moderate (0.370), high (1.091), and extremely high (1.803) addiction categories. Novelty: This study investigated how varying levels of addiction exert influence on both physical and mental well-being and shed new light on this multifaceted relationship, particularly among students within the context of Indian academia. Keywords: Smartphone Addiction, Physical and Mental Well­being, Usage Patterns, Smartphones, Indians, Students

The effectiveness of Dragon Boat racing on body image and traumatic symptoms of breast cancer patients.

The present study investigated the effectiveness of a Dragon Boat training program in women with breast cancer body image and traumatic distress processing. 29 breast cancer patients (M(SD) age= 51 (7.41)) voluntarily participated in a physical activity program. Seventeen (Intervention Group) enrolled in a Dragon Boat racing program, while 12 (the Control Group) individually performed alternative physical activities. Before and after the intervention, patients completed the Body Image Scale (BIS) and the Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R). The Intervention Group reported a decrease in Body Image negative perception (Pillai's trace = .352, F(1,27) = 14.111, p = .001; partial η2 = .951) and in traumatic symptoms (Pillai's trace = .283, F(1,27) = 10.682, p = .003; partial η2 = .883). Authors discuss the role of Dragon Boat racing in improving positive body image after the experience of breast cancer.

Relationship between Mediterranean diet, physical activity and emotional intelligence in Spanish undergraduates

Levels of adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Spanish university students need to be verified. It is necessary to go deeper into what these are and what factors determine them. This is useful to design effective diet promotion proposals in this population. The objectives are: 1) To classify Spanish university students of Education Degrees according to their levels of Mediterranean diet, physical activity and emotional intelligence; 2) To analyse the influence of physical activity and emotional intelligence as determinants of Mediterranean diet according to lifestyle profiles. A cross-sectional study was designed with the participation of a representative sample of university students of education degrees. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 43 years (20.84±2.90). Men represented 30.2% of the sample (n=125) and women 69.8% (n=289). An online questionnaire was administered comprising the following: PREDIMED, IPAQ-SF and TMMS-24. The regression model obtained for the whole sample was: Mediterranean diet= 2.536+0.001*physical activity+0.029*emotional intelligence. The two-stage cluster classification (Ward and k-means) was validated with the MANOVA test (Pillai trace: F (6, 820) = 159.101; p ≤ 0.001; f = 1.00). It is concluded that 8% of university students' adherence to the Mediterranean diet is predicted by moderate-vigorous physical activity and emotional intelligence. Adherence to the diet is positively related to physical activity and emotional intelligence. Keywords: lifestyles; moderate-vigorous physical activity; Spain; cluster analysis; regression model.

Assessing the efficacy of locally constructed model kits in teaching and learning of writing and naming binary compounds

The study constructed Valency Arm and Y-shaped Model Kits using local materials from the school community, serving as interventions for Sekyere Central District junior high students in Ghana. Effectiveness was tested using a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design in teaching binary compounds writing and naming. We randomly selected four intact classes, two as the experimental group (n = 69) and the other two as the control group (n = 67). After constructing and using the model kits in the teaching and learning process of writing and naming binary compounds, it was found that the experimental group, who received instruction with the model kits, had better retention of the concepts and principles than the control group. These improved learning gains were evident in the three successive tests (Pillai's Trace = 0.440, F (2, 133) = 52.319, p = 0.000, partial eta squared = 0.440). Additionally, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 11 randomly selected respondents from the experimental group. This interview identified four critical features that the junior high school students perceived as benefits of using the model kits in teaching writing and naming binary compounds. These benefits were a better understanding of the principles, improved attitude towards writing and naming binary compounds, better retention of concepts, and active participation and interest in class lessons. The results imply that junior high school science teachers who want to promote effective teaching and learning of writing and naming binary compounds should consider using these model kits if the original models are unavailable.

Effect of 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiation on the Inner Ear: A Histopathological Study on 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiation and Cochlea.

The present study aims to determine the possible low dose-dependent adverse effects of 2.45 GHz microwave exposure and Wi-Fi frequency on the cochlea. Twelve pregnant female rats (n=12) and their male newborns were exposed to Wi-Fi frequencies with varying electric field values of 0.6, 1.9, 5, 10 V/m, and 15 V/m during the 21-day gestation period and 45 days after birth, except for the control group. Auditory brainstem response testing was performed before exposure and sacrification. After removal of the cochlea, histopathological examination was conducted by immunohistochemistry methods using caspase (cysteine-aspartic proteases, cysteine aspartates, or cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases)-3, -9, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests and multivariate analysis of variance were used. Auditory brainstem response thresholds in postexposure tests increased statistically significantly at 5 V/m and above doses. When the number of apoptotic cells was compared in immunohistochemistry examination, significant differences were found at 10 V/m and 15 V/m doses (F(5,15)=23.203, P=.001; Pillai's trace=1.912, η2=0.637). As the magnitude of the electric field increased, all histopathological indicators of apoptosis increased. The most significant effect was noted on caspase-9 staining (η2 c9=0.996), followed by caspase-3 (η2 c3=0.991), and TUNEL staining (η2 t=0.801). Caspase-3, caspase-9, and TUNEL-stained cell densities increased directly by increasing the electric field and power values. Apoptosis and immune activity in the cochlea depend on the electric field and power value. Even at low doses, the electromagnetic field in Wi-Fi frequency damages the inner ear and causes apoptosis.

PENERAPAN MANOVA DALAM ANALISIS HUBUNGAN ANTARA LUAS WILAYAH DENGAN CAKUPAN VAKSINASI COVID-19 DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

In Indonesia, the problem with the spread of COVID-19 is 1.35 million with 1.17 million recovered and 36,721 deaths as of March 5, 2021. From the data on the spread of COVID-19, it can be seen from the length of time that has passed, the number of cases has increased. Sinovac (CoronaVac) is a vaccine for COVID-19 produced by the Sinovac company, using inactivated virus technology or utilizing attenuated viruses. The coverage of vaccines for dose 1 and dose 2 in South Kalimantan Province is low compared to other provinces, even though South Kalimantan Province is a province that is classified as having the smallest area among other provinces included in Kalimantan Island. The purpose of the study was to find out the relationship between area and coverage of COVID-19 vaccination in South Kalimantan Province. This study uses One-Way Manova because it analyzes one predictor variable, in the form of area and three response variables simultaneously, in the form of COVID-19 vaccination coverage based on the vaccination target category: health human resources, public officers and the elderly. The results of the study using the One-Way MANOVA method showed the Pillai's Trace value of 0.020. The results of the multivariate significance test obtained by Wilk's Lambda so that it rejects which means that the significant model or area () has an influence on vaccination coverage (). Based on alleged multivariate regression model and the results of the MANOVA test, both are directly proportional, namely there is a significant relationship that area area has an influence on COVID-19 vaccination coverage. Large areas have vaccination coverage that tends to be low when compared to small areas. Vaccination distribution for a small area can be said to be more efficient than other broad categories and for elderly vaccine recipients, it is lower than the category of vaccine recipients for public officials and health human resources

Tensile Strength and Elastic Modulus of Gutta-percha Cones Disinfected with Sodium Hypochlorite at Different Immersion Times: An In Vitro Comparative Study.

The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of gutta-percha cones can be chemically altered due to disinfectant solutions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare tensile strength and elastic modulus of gutta-percha cones subjected to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) disinfection at different times. This in vitro and longitudinal experimental study consisted of 45 gutta-percha cones, divided equally into three groups: Group 1 (disinfection with 2.5% NaOCl), Group 2 (disinfection with 5.25% NaOCl), and control group. All groups were subdivided according to immersion times for 1, 5, and 10 minutes. Tensile strength and elastic modulus were measured with a universal testing machine. For comparing more than two independent groups, parametric analysis of variance test with Sheffe's post hoc was used and for multivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance test based on Pillai's Trace was used. In all statistical analysis, a significance level P ≤ 0.05 was considered. When comparing the tensile strength of gutta-percha cones, no significant differences were observed after being immersed at 1, 5, and 10 minutes in NaOCl 2.5% (P = 0.715) and 5.25% (P = 0.585). Regarding the elastic modulus, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in those that were immersed in NaOCl 2.5% and 5.25% for 1, 5, and 10 minutes. Furthermore, increased NaOCl concentration significantly reduced the elastic modulus (P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in tensile strength (P > 0.05) and elastic modulus (P > 0.05), when evaluating the interaction between NaOCl concentration and time. Increasing NaOCl concentration significantly reduced the modulus of elasticity without affecting the tensile strength of gutta-percha cones, regardless of immersion time. Furthermore, the interaction of time and NaOCl concentration did not significantly affect the tensile strength and elastic modulus.

The effect of using birth ball and squatting position during labor on pain, duration, and satisfaction: A randomized controlled trial.

The aim of this study is to assess the effect of using a birth ball and squatting position during labor on labor pain, duration of labor, and satisfaction. This study is a randomized controlled experimental trial. It was conducted in the delivery unit of Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital. The study sample consisted of a total of 159 women, 53 in the birth ball application room, 53 in the squatting position group, and 53 in the control group. The "Information Form," "Visual Analog Scale," "Partograph," and "Maternal Satisfaction Assessment at Delivery Scale-Normal Birth" were used in the data collection. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, Pearson's Chi-square test, Pillai's trace test. The present study revealed that the pain perception level was lower in the birth ball and squatting position groups compared to the control group, and there was a statistically significant difference between them (p < .05). The duration of the first and second stages of labor and the total duration of labor decreased in the birth ball and squatting position groups (p < .05). The difference was statistically significant in comparing the level of satisfaction (p < .05). It was found that the highest satisfaction was in the birth ball group. Using a birth ball and squatting position during labor are effective methods of reducing labor pain, shortening the duration of labor, and increasing the level of satisfaction. There is a need for more studies on the effects of the birth ball and squatting position. gov Identifier: NCT05360823.

Application of the React Model Containing Ethnomathematics of Javanese Scripture to Develop the Character of Love of Homeland and Student Learning Outcomes

This research was conducted at SDN Sangiang 3 Tangerang and SDN Gandasari 2 Tangerang on class IV students. This research focused on mathematics subjects using the REACT model containing Javanese ethnomathematics to develop the character of love for the country and student learning outcomes because students' knowledge of local wisdom is still low, which can be connected to mathematics lessons. The method used in the research is quasi-experimental with a quantitative approach. The experimental design used in this research is a simple experimental design (Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design). The population in this study were all fourth grade students at SDN Sangiang 3 Tangerang and SDN Gandasari 2 Tangerang. The samples in this study were the experimental class at SDN Sangiang III and the control class at SDN Gandasari II, with a total of 60 students. The data collection techniques and instruments in this research are observation, questionnaire instruments, and test instruments. The data analysis technique in this research uses the N-Gaian test and a related sample t-test (polled variance). Based on the analysis results from the N-gain test with a result of 0.732, it shows that the application of the REACT model assisted by Javanese ethnomathematics can improve student learning outcomes. Likewise, the results of the descriptive analysis show that the average calculation of students' love of their homeland character before and after being given the REACT learning model with the help of ethnomathematics Javanese script experienced an average increase of 2.43 points, and the results of the Pillai's Trace, Wlks'Lambda, Hotelling's Trace, or Roy's Largest Root tests were all the same, namely a value of 0.000, meaning this is less than the set significance of 5%, therefore Ho is rejected. In other words, the application of the REACT learning model assisted by Javanese ethnomathematics can influence the character of love for one's country and the results of learning mathematics curve material simultaneously. Keywords: React Model, Ethnomathematics, Javanese Script, Love Of Homeland Characters, Learning Outcomes

Clinical performance of non-carious cervical lesions restored with using self-etch mode of adhesives according to the FDI criteria.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 18-month retrospective study of self-etch adhesive (Prime&Bond One Select) and self-etch mode of universal adhesives (Single Bond Universal, Gluma Bond Universal) applied to non-carious cervical lesions according to the World Dental Federation criteria. Thirty patients without any systemic disease, good oral hygiene, having at least 20 teeth and six non-carious cervical lesions treated using a self-etch mode of adhesives operated between January and March 2017. Accordingly, 335 restorations were evaluated according to the World Dental Federation criteria at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. Pillai's Trace test was used to determine the interaction of criteria with time and adhesive systems. IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 program was used in the analysis. Value of P < 0.05 was accepted as a criterion for statistical significance. At the end of 18 months, participation was 100%. There was a statistically significant difference P < 0.05 between Prime&Bond One Select and Single Bond Universal, Prime&Bond One Select and Gluma Bond Universal in the 18-month period. In terms of marginal staining, fracture of material and retention, recurrence of caries, erosion and abfraction, tooth integrity criteria at the end of the 18 months, Prime&Bond One Select performed clinically very good, Single Bond Universal and Gluma Bond Universal performed clinically good according to World Dental Federation criteria. Marginal adaptation criteria, Prime&Bond One Select, Single Bond Universal and Gluma Bond Universal performed clinically good. Retention loss rate was found to be the lowest in Prime&Bond One Select and the highest in Gluma Bond Universal. Accordingly, 18-month evaluation of all adhesives used in the study showed clinically acceptable results in all of the World Dental Federation criteria.

Evaluation of subclinical cardiovascular risk in drug-naive pediatric patients with anxiety disorders.

This study examined subclinical atherosclerosis in drug-naïve children with anxiety disorders using non-invasive measures to investigate the clinical features associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. A total of 37 drug-naive children and adolescents with anxiety disorders and 37 healthy controls were included in the study. The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T and STAI-S) were used to assess children's depression and anxiety levels. Carotid artery intima-media (cIMT), epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), and periaortic adipose tissue (PAT) thicknesses, which are indicators of subclinical atherosclerosis, were obtained by echocardiographic measurements. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) revealed a significant main effect on cIMT, EAT thickness, and PAT thickness, independent of confounding factors such as age, sex, body mass index, mean blood pressure, and family income (Pillai's Trace V = .76, F (1, 72) = 35.60, P < .001, ηp2 = .76). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that cIMT, EAT thickness, and PAT thickness values were significantly higher in the anxiety disorder group compared to the the control group (P < .001). In partial correlation analysis, a positive correlation was observed between STAI-T and cIMT and EAT thickness. In linear regression analyses, age and STAI-T were significantly correlated with cIMT and EAT thickness levels. These results suggest that subclinical cardiovascular risk is significantly increased in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders.

Effect of arteriosclerotic intracranial arterial vessel wall enhancement on downstream collateral flow.

The effect of arteriosclerotic intracranial arterial vessel wall enhancement (IAVWE) on downstream collateral flow found in vessel wall imaging (VWI) is not clear. Regardless of the mechanism underlying IAVWE on VWI, damage to the patient's nervous system caused by IAVWE is likely achieved by affecting downstream cerebral blood flow. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of arteriosclerotic IAVWE on downstream collateral flow. The present study recruited 63 consecutive patients at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2021 to November 2021 with underlying atherosclerotic diseases and unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1-segment stenosis who underwent an magnetic resonance scan within 3 days of symptom onset. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to IAVWE and the stenosis ratio (Group 1, n = 17; Group 2, n = 19; Group 3, n = 13; Group 4, n = 14), and downstream collateral flow was analyzed using three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pCASL) and RAPID software. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores of the patients were also recorded. Two-factor multivariate analysis of variance using Pillai's trace was used as the main statistical method. No statistically significant difference was found in baseline demographic characteristics among the groups. IAVWE, but not the stenosis ratio, had a statistically significant significance on the late-arriving retrograde flow proportion (LARFP), hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR), and NIHSS scores ( F = 20.941, P <0.001, Pillai's trace statistic = 0.567). The between-subject effects test showed that IAVWE had a significant effect on the three dependent variables: LARFP ( R2 = 0.088, F = 10.899, P = 0.002), HIR ( R2 = 0.234, F = 29.354, P <0.001), and NIHSS ( R2 = 114.339, F = 33.338, P <0.001). Arteriosclerotic IAVWE significantly reduced downstream collateral flow and affected relevant neurological deficits. It was an independent factor affecting downstream collateral flow and NIHSS scores, which should be a focus of future studies. ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR2100053661.

Analisis Motivasi Berwirausaha pada Mahasiswa Universitas Medika Suherman

This research aims to analyze how much motivation students have towards entrepreneurship and find out what factors are related to and influence motivation towards entrepreneurship among students. The method used in this study is a quantitative analysis method using primary data. The primary data was obtained from data collection by distributing questionnaires with a total sample of 120 students. Data analysis techniques in this study used instrument and classic assumption test, descriptive analysis, factor analysis, and multivariate analysis. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the empirical mean value is greater than the theoretical mean value for each variable (50.60 &gt; 39), so descriptive analysis can interpret that the entrepreneurial motivation of Suherman Medika University students tends to be good. Furthermore, the results of the factor analysis in this study obtained a Kaiser Meyer Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO MSA) value of 0.661 &gt; 0.50 and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity value of 0.000 &lt;0.05, which means that the variables referred to in this study did not correlate with one another in the population. In addition, based on factor analysis found that self-efficacy, attitudes and social support are factors that influence entrepreneurial motivation. Then, the results of the multivariate test show that the significance value for Pillai's trace, Wilk's lambda, Hotelling trace, and Rpy's largest root is less than 0, which means that there is a partial effect on self-efficacy, attitudes, and social support on entrepreneurial motivation. Based on multivariate testing, it shows that the value of the self-efficacy determination coefficient is 0.740, Attitude determination coefficient value of 0.811, and the value of the Social Support determination coefficient is 0.536. Based on the results of this study, it is hoped that later both institutions, student organizations and the campus environment will be able to facilitate student needs better.

Evaluation of Reaction Time during the One-Leg Balance Activity in Young Soccer Players: A Pilot Study

This study's aim was two-fold: (i) to test the intra-session reliability of the one-leg balance activity test; and (ii) to assess the influence of age on reaction time (RT) and the differences between dominant and non-dominant feet. Fifty young soccer players with an average age of 12.4 ± 1.8 years were divided into two groups: younger soccer players (n = 26; 11.6 ± 0.9 years) and older soccer players (n = 24; 14.2 ± 0.8 years). Each group then completed four trials (two with each leg) of the one-leg balance activity (OLBA) to evaluate RT under a single-leg stance. Mean RT and the number of hits were calculated, and the best trial was also selected. T-tests and Pearson correlations were performed for statistical analysis. Values for RT were lower, and the number of hits was higher while standing on the non-dominant foot (p = 0.01). MANOVA revealed that the "Dominant Leg" factor did not affect the multivariate composite (Pillai Trace = 0.05; F(4, 43) = 0.565; p = 0.689; Partial ETA Squared = 0.050; Observed Power = 0.174). The "Age" factor did not present an effect on the multivariate composite (Pillai Trace = 0.104; F(4, 43) = 1.243; p = 0.307; Partial ETA Squared = 0.104; Observed Power = 0.355). The results of the present investigation demonstrate that RT may be lower while standing on the non-dominant foot.

The convergence of culture, technology and context: A pathway to reducing Mathophobia and improving achievement in mathematics

AbstractThis study explored the potency of CTCA in reducing math anxiety and promoting meaningful learning of mathematics among secondary school students. The study adopted a mixed‐method (explanatory sequential) design involving a quasi‐experimental design and individual in‐depth interviews. Participants were drawn from two schools, purposively selected within Lagos state educational district V. Three instruments: Set Theory Achievement Test, Math Anxiety Scale and Students' Perception about CTCA Interview Guide were used to collect the quantitative and qualitative data subsequently. The experimental group (102 students) was taught using the culturo‐techno‐contextual approach while the control group (106 students) was taught with the traditional lecture method. Treatment lasted six weeks after which posttest and retention test (four weeks after posttest) were conducted. MANCOVA was used to analyze the quantitative data. The results obtained suggest that CTCA reduces math anxiety and enhanced learning achievement [Pillai's Trace = 0.34 (F = 53.09; p&lt;0.01)] more effectively than the traditional teaching method. No significant gender difference was also found in the achievement of the experimental group. Students' perception about the use of CTCA was generally positive. Within the scope and limitations of the study, it was recommended that CTCA should be adopted by secondary school teachers in teaching mathematics concepts.

Ideal Anchor Points for Patellar Anti-rotational Sutures for Management of Medial Patellar Luxation in Dogs: A Radiographic Survey.

The aim of this study was to identify the ideal anchor point for patellar anti-rotational sutures for adjunctive stabilization of medial patellar luxation in both small and large breed dogs. Retrospective radiographic survey was performed on 110 stifles from 101 dogs. Radiographs were grouped based on patient weight (≤15 kg; >15 kg) and diagnosis (medial patellar luxation, cranial cruciate ligament rupture, and normal joints). Radiographic measurements included: the proximal, middle, and distal points of the trochlear ridge, the caudal aspect of Blumensaat's line (roof of the intercondylar notch), the centre of the lateral fabella, as well as the "best-fit" centre of a circle overlying the trochlea. These landmark coordinates were used to calculate radii for comparison, and for scaling between joints. Use of the fabellar centre resulted in larger radii (corrected p <0.001) than those from the best-fit circle centre for all but one combination of patient group and trochlear end point locations. Using the best-fit circle centre, radius variation was less marked than with the fabellar centre. Significant differences in location for centres of the best-fit circle and fabella were seen across all patient categories (Pillai's trace p <0.001). The fabella is unlikely to be the best choice for anchoring a patellar anti-rotational suture. Use of the best-fit circle centre to place a suture anchor should be preferred to maximise suture isometry during joint flexion and extension in large and small breed dogs.