Paint Industry Research Articles

Mexico’s Paint Industry Targets U.S. Trade Facilitation

Mexico’s Paint Industry Targets U.S. Trade Facilitation

Effect of drying temperatures on proximate composition of African bush mango seed flour and physicochemical properties of the oil

The effect of drying on the proximate composition of African bush mango seed flour and physicochemical properties of extracted oil were evaluated. Two types of African bush mango seed which were used for the analyses were Irvingia wombulu and. Irvingia gabonensis. The seeds were dried at different temperatures of (40, 50, 60 and 70⁰C) in the oven for 1h. After drying it was milled into flour and the extraction of oil was done using standard method. The result for the samples for moisture content ranged from (2.25 -2.50% and 2.25%- 4.25%), crude fibre (13.00 - 16.75% and 15.02%- 16.70%), fat content (40.80-49.0% and 43.85-49.30%), crude protein (4.65-8.69% and 12.10 - 12.90%), ash content ( 2.40 -3.50% and 1.97 - 2.66%), carbohydrate (23.80% - 30.50% and 18.80% - 21.70%) for I. wombulu and I. gabonensis respectively. The moisture content decreased with increase in temperatures. Crude fibre, fat, ash, and protein increased significantly (p>0.05) for the two samples at different levels of temperatures. The result for the physicochemical properties of the oil for the two samples for saponification value ranged from (154.980-173.80 and 159.580- 170.107) mgKOH. Iodine value (161.235- 162.150 and 155.225 - 160.310) mg I2/g. Peroxide value (1.235 – 1.245 and 1.315 – 1.350) Meq/Kg, acid value (19215- 19.915 and 18.435- 18.885) mgKOH. Free fatty acid (9.610 – 9.960 and 9.221 – 9.765) and refractive index values (1.460-1.470 and 1.519- 1.578). The two samples showed high saponification value, iodine value and acid value. These high values is an indicator for suitability for use in the paint and soap industries. Also the increase in ash and carbohydrate content makes it a good source for mineral and energy.

Catalytic oxidation of Bisphenol A with Co3+ rich spinel Co3O4: Performance evaluation with peroxymonosulfate activation and mineralization mechanism

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a toxic substance that is released into the environment mainly from paint, polymer, plastics and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, spinel Co3O4 consisting of Co2+/(Co3+)2O4 nanospheres with excellent specific surface properties were systematically synthesized via a simple hydrothermal approach preceded by calcination. The as-synthesized Co3O4 spinels were used for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to reduce the bisphenol A (BPA). The effects of operating parameters including PMS dosage, initial pH, catalyst dosage, and co-existing ions were detected during the BPA degradation. It was observed that at neutral pH, the nano-Co3O4/PMS system effectively degrades the BPA (∼92%) with very low cobalt leaching and excellent recyclability. Control experiment analysis confirms the magnificent performance of the Co3O4/PMS system and the synergistic interaction between Co3O4 and PMS. Various characterization techniques were used to determine the thermal, textural and structural properties. A chemical quenching study confirmed that both hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and sulfate radicals (SO4•−) promotes BPA oxidation. The chloride (Cl-) ions and dihydrogen phosphate ions (H2PO4-) have little inhibition effect while adding humic acid (HA) and HCO3- inhibits the BPA oxidation. Separation techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectroscopy (MS) were used to identify the oxidative by-products and the mineralization pathway of BPA reduction. First-order pseudo-kinetics were observed for BPA degradation. However, the power law model also fits nth-order kinetics models.

The Encapsulation of Natural Organic Dyes on TiO2 for Photochromism Control.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) plays a pivotal role in photocatalytic reactions and holds great promise for the cosmetic and paint industries due to its white color and high refractive index. However, the original color of TiO2 changes gradually to blue or yellow with UV irradiation, which affects its color realization. We encapsulated TiO2 with several natural organic dye compounds, including purpurin, curcumin, and safflower, to control its photochromism and realize a range of different colors. The chemical reaction between TiO2 and dyes based on their functional group was investigated, and the light absorption was tested via FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The changes in morphology and size distribution additionally supported their successful encapsulation. The discoloration after UV irradiation was evaluated by measuring the color difference (ΔE) of control TiO2 and dye encapsulated TiO2. The unique structure utilized natural dyes to preserve photochromism based on the physical barrier and automatically controlled the electronic transition of core TiO2. In particular, the color difference values of purpurin and curcumin were 4.05 and 3.76, which is lower than the 5.36 of the control TiO2. Dye encapsulated TiO2 was manipulated into lipstick to verify its color realization and retention.

Optical signatures of cisplatin assembled with curcuminoids: Theoretical simulations to develop novel anticancer prodrugs

Curcuma derivatives are widely used as natural pigments in the food industry. Recent biological studies demonstrated that one of its major components, curcuminoids, might also positively impact human health. Herein, we use theoretical tools to combine cisplatin, the golden standard of chemotherapy, to curcuminoid analogues that have previously shown anticancer properties. Our goal is to rationalize the design of a series of prodrugs prone to be photo-activated by visible light. The simulations performed in this contribution disclose two novel complexes absorbing in the first phototherapeutic window, i.e., in the 600–800 nm domain. The optimizations of these structures within the framework of photoactivated chemotherapy are discussed.

Probabilistic health risk assessment of occupational exposure to BTEX in a paint manufacturing plant using Monte-Carlo simulation

This study assessed the health risks of paint industry workers exposed to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds using a probabilistic approach. Air samples were collected using charcoal tubes according to the NIOSH 1501 method and analyzed by a GC-FID. The EPA risk assessment model was used to assess the lifetime carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks posed by BTEX. A sensitivity analysis was performed to clarify the influence of input parameters on the health risks. In the paint production, paint packing, and thinner packing workshops, the concentration of at least two aromatic compounds exceeded the occupational exposure limit. Ethylbenzene posed greater carcinogenic risks than benzene. The individual and total cancer risk of benzene and ethylbenzene exceeded the 1E–4 level, indicating a definite cancer risk in all workshops of the factory. The mean of total non-cancer risk exceeded the standard (hazard index = 1) in all workshops with xylene as the most contributing aromatics in non-cancer risk. Putty production (428.5), thinner packing (340.79), and spray paint packing (148.45) were the workshops with the greatest hazard index. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the concentration of ethylbenzene and xylene contributed the most to cancer (73.0%) and non-cancer (87.8%) risks. These findings can help managers better understand BTEX-related risks faced by paint manufacturing workers and the need to control BTEX contamination to reduce health risks below the standard in paint industry.

Decreasing of Mangan (II) in The Water Using Membrane of Moringa Seed Powder-TiO2 with Variation of Mass TiO2

Mn (II) is a metal ion commonly used in steel alloys, pigment industries, welding, fertilizers, pesticides, ceramics, and electronics. According to the Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 32 of 2017, the permissible content of Manganese in dug well water is 0.5 mg/L. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of Mn (II) ions in water before and after passing through a Moringa Seeds Powder (MSP)-TiO2 membrane 20:1; 20:3; 20:5; 20:7; 20:9 and measure the percentage decrease in the concentration of Mn (II) ions in water after through the MSP-TiO2 membrane. The object of this research is a 55 ppm Mn (II) ion artificial sample at a flow rate of 0.56 mL/minute for 90 minutes with 90-watt radiation UV. The concentration of Mn (II) ion was measured by visible spectrophotometric method, the morphology of MSP, TiO2, and MSP-TiO2 membranes was characterized by SEM-EDX, and its diffraction spectra by X-Ray diffraction. The results obtained that the initial Mn(II) was 55.06 ± 0.031 ppm, the concentration of Mn (II) ions with the MSP-TiO2 membrane of mass MSP-TiO2 were 20:1; 20:3; 20:5; 20:7; 20:9 respectively 36.47±0.00; 44.16±1.15; 44.31±1.04; 44.94±0.94; 42.27±2.61 ppm. The percentage of decrease concentration of Mn (II) ion are 34.19±0.44%; 21.37±0.43%; 20.94±0.85%; 19.24±0.86%; and 19.66±0.86%. The highest percentage decrease in Mn (II) ion concentration was 34.15±0.44% in the variation of mass MSP-TiO2 20:1. This study concludes that the MSP-TiO2 membrane has the potential to reduce the concentration of Mn (II) ions in water.

Delamination from an adhesive sphere: Curvature-induced dewetting versus buckling

Everyday experience confirms the tendency of adhesive films to detach from spheroidal regions of rigid substrates-what is a petty frustration when placing a sticky band aid onto a knee is a more serious matter in the coating and painting industries. Irrespective of their resistance to bending, a key driver of such phenomena is Gauss' Theorema Egregium, which implies that naturally flat sheets cannot conform to doubly curved surfaces without developing a strain whose magnitude grows sharply with the curved area. Previous attempts to characterize the onset of curvature-induced delamination, and the complex patterns it gives rise to, assumed a dewetting-like mechanism in which the propensity of two materials to form contact through interfacial energy is modified by an elastic energy penalty. We show that this approach may characterize moderately bendable sheets but fails qualitatively to describe the curvature-induced delamination of ultrathin films, whose mechanics is governed by their propensity to buckle and delaminate partially, under minute levels of compression. Combining mechanical and geometrical considerations, we introduce a minimal model for curvature-induced delamination accounting for the two buckling motifs that underlie partial delamination: shallow "rucks" and localized "folds". We predict nontrivial scaling rules for the onset of curvature-induced delamination and various features of the emerging patterns, which compare well with experiments. Beyond gaining control on the use of ultrathin adhesives in cutting-edge technologies such as stretchable electronics, our analysis is a significant step toward quantifying the multiscale morphology that emerges upon imposing geometrical and mechanical constraints on highly bendable solid objects.

Bacterial Pigments and Their Multifaceted Roles in Contemporary Biotechnology and Pharmacological Applications

Synthetic dyes and colourants have been the mainstay of the pigment industry for decades. Researchers are eager to find a more environment friendly and non-toxic substitute because these synthetic dyes have a negative impact on the environment and people's health. Microbial pigments might be an alternative to synthetic pigments. Microbial pigments are categorized as secondary metabolites and are mainly produced due to impaired metabolism under stressful conditions. These pigments have vibrant shades and possess nutritional and therapeutic properties compared to synthetic pigment. Microbial pigments are now widely used within the pharmaceuticals, food, paints, and textile industries. The pharmaceutical industries currently use bacterial pigments as a medicine alternative for cancer and many other bacterial infections. Their growing popularity is a result of their low cost, biodegradable, non-carcinogenic, and environmentally beneficial attributes. This audit article has made an effort to take an in-depth look into the existing uses of bacterial pigments in the food and pharmaceutical industries and project their potential future applications.

The Potential of Halal Anti-Foam Production from Vegetable Oil Derivatives: a Review

The foam that occurs in the process can cause problems with the effectiveness of the process or the quality of the final product. The economic consequences of uncontrolled foaming can be very significant and cause serious losses and require expensive operating changes. Foaming problems can be just as expensive as treating other types of problems, such as corrosion, fouling, or emulsion. Indonesia is known as the largest producer of palm oil, so it has the potential as a producer of downstream palm oil derivative products, especially halal anti-foam with renewable raw materials. In the food industry, only calcium alginate, monoglycerides (MGS), and diglycerides (DGS) are permitted. The use of renewable raw materials in industrial processes is one of the steps to realizing the Sustainable Development Goals, especially the second goal, which is zero hunger in 2030. The details of the mechanism of action and the use of anti-foam in the food, medicine, cosmetics, textile, oil refining, petrochemical, paint, and pulp paper industries were discussed. Furthermore, the potential use of palm oil as raw material for halal anti-foaming is very prospective, considering that there are not many palm oil-based anti-foam products applied in various food industries.

Sustainable and Safe Treatment of Wastewater of Paint Industry Using Azadarachta indica Leaf Extract Combined with Silver Nitrate Solution

This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a combined green and synthetic solution for the sustainable treatment of wastewater from the paint industry. Effluent was treated with a natural plant extract (Azadarachta indica) and a silver nitrate solution (AgNO3). Three composite samples of wastewater were collected from the paint industry, transferred to the laboratory for analysis, and three case studies were applied for treatment. The parameters of the treated water were compared with the Punjab Environmental Quality Standards (PEQS). Case 1 was a control treatment in which discharged industrial effluent was collected and analyzed for various pollutants (pH, COD, TDS, TSS, and BOD). All the target parameters were higher than the limits in the PEQS. In Case 2, the wastewater was treated by reaction with an A. indica solution for a 4 to 72 h retention time. Some pollutants were remediated as a result of the reaction, while the majority of pollutants required a longer retention time and a higher concentration of A. indica extract, making this case applicable for the treatment of wastewater. In Case 3, the discharged industrial effluent was reacted with A. indica solution combined with AgNO3 solution for wastewater treatment with a 4 to 72 h retention time; after reaction, all the pollutants were remediated at high pH of 12 at a retention time of 24 h. However, a longer retention time and a better solution are required for the treatment of priority pollutants. However, Case 3 treated more pollutants, so was far superior to Cases 1 and 2. As a result, this instance is suitable for the treatment of wastewater from the paint industry.

Reaction of Carbon Dioxide Gas Absorption with Suspension of Calcium Hydroxide in Slurry Reactor

Chemical phenomena involving three phases (solid, liquid, and gas) are often found in the industry. Carbonate (CaCO3) is widely used in industries as a powder-making material in the cosmetic industry, a pigment in the paint industry, and filler in the paper and rubber industry. This research aim to study the ordering process carbonate deposits (CaCO3) from the absorption process of CO2 gas with Ca(OH)2 suspension. The absorption reaction of CO2 gas with Ca(OH)2 suspension was carried out in a stirred slurry tank reactor. Initially, the reactor containing water was heated to a certain temperature, then Ca(OH)2 was added to the reactor. Furthermore, CO2 gas with a certain flow rate and temperature (according to the reactor temperature) is flown with the help of a gas distributor. Samples were taken every 1 min until the concentration of Ca(OH)2 could not be detected (completely reacted). The variables in this study were: stirrer rotation speed (5.66711.067 rps), CO2 gas flow rate (34.0127–60.5503 c/s), and temperature (30–50°C). The mass transfer coefficient and the reaction rate coefficient were determined by minimizing Sum of Squares of Errors (SSE). This experimental process follows a dynamic regime. A dimensionless number relationship for the gas-liquid mass transfer for the value range is Re1 = 18928.76-38217.20, Sh = 0.07928 Reg0.4383 Rel0.4399 Sc0.6415 with an error of 5.19%. The dimensionless number relationship for solid-liquid mass transfer is Sh = 0.0001179 Reg0.4674 Rel0.5403 Sc1.444 with an error of 7.31%. The relationship between the reaction rate constant and the temperature in the 30-50 °C range can be approximated by the Arrhenius equation, namely kr = 1771000 e-2321.4/T cm3/mgmol/s with an error of 3.63%. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-02 Full Text: PDF

Process efficiency and kinetics of coagulation for the decontamination of paint industry effluent using cashew nut husk tannins and alum

Process efficiency and kinetics of coagulation for the decontamination of paint industry effluent using cashew nut husk tannins and alum

Use of liquid-core waveguides as photochemical reactors and/or for chemical analysis – An overview

The study of photochemical reactions is of great importance in many fields including the pharmaceutical, food, and paint industry. Most of these photochemical processes are being studied to better understand how to apply them for a specific purpose or how unwanted effects can be prevented. Advances are still being made in photoreactor design, where in-situ detection of the involved reagents and products is an important development. Liquid-core waveguides (LCWs) allow simultaneous illumination and optical assessment of liquid samples and, therefore, constitute one way of combining photoreactor design with on-line or in-situ analytical detection methods. LCWs possess several interesting characteristics, such as low light loss, increased optical path length, and possibilities for coupling with spectroscopic techniques. The current review discusses the state-of-the-art of LCWs applied as photoreactors, for analytical detection, and their combinations. We discuss the differences between several total internal reflection (TIR)-based LCWs, including polymer and polymer-coated capillaries, and silica aerogels, and interference-based waveguides, including Bragg fibers, holey fibers, Kagomé fibers and anti-resonance reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs). Assessed characteristics include the (freedom of) design, the degree of light attenuation, the range of transmittable wavelengths, gas permeability, compatibility with analytical techniques, current challenges, and applications.

GLAUCONITIC SANDSTONES OF THE CHANGI DEPOSIT ARE A PROMISING RAW MATERIAL FOR OBTAINING GREEN AND BROWN PIGMENT

The results of the research are given: the physicochemical properties of glauconite sandstones of the Changi deposit, the fractional composition, enrichment methods are determined, thermal activation is performed. The coloring properties, coverness, oil capacity of the resulting brown pigment were studied. It has been established that this glauconite sandstone can be used as a raw material for the production of coloring pigments in the construction industry and the manufacture of ceramic materials at the enterprises of Uzbekistan.

Efforts to Replace Methylene Chloride in Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry

Methylene chloride (MC) or dichloromethane is a halogenated organic solvent of choice used in many chemical industries such as pharmaceutical, insecticide, paint, and polymer industries. Several health hazards associated with the use of MC are known to us through available literature. MC is reported to be a potential neurotoxic, cardiotoxic, cancer-causing, and tissue-damaging agent. Inhalation and direct skin contact are the major routes of exposure to MC in occupational environments. Most government agencies and environment, health and safety forums throughout the world have recognized MC as a hazardous solvent and have kept strict regulatory control on the usage of MC. MC is a Class 2 solvent as per ICH guidelines. This review article presents some case studies where MC has been replaced in commercial synthetic processes and column chromatography by other solvents and solvent mixtures, demonstrating that it is possible to either reduce the usage or replace MC in process chemistry. Many industrial and academic efforts have brought in place several solvent selection guides helpful for effectively replacing MC from existing or planned synthetic processes. Sustainable and environment-friendly synthetic processes can be developed by implementing the concept of green chemistry, such as replacing the use of MC in the existing chemical processes and avoiding the use of MC in future chemical processes. Successful introduction of MC-free chemical processes in the pharmaceutical industry can surely be achieved with continuous efforts in this direction.

Prediction of the Phytochemical Properties of Luffa Cylindrica Seed Oil Using Artificial Neural Network

The research used an artificial neural network (ANN) to examine optimum extraction conditions and phytochemical contents of Luffa cylindrica seed oil. The oil yield was predicted using an artificial neural network. The performance of the ANN and response surface methodology models was compared. The optimum extraction yielded 7.567% oil yield, 185.676 mg/l phenol, and 45.087 mg/l terpineol at 75.57 °C extraction temperature, 5.77 h extraction time, and 10.68 g/mol n-hexane concentration, respectively. These data show that the oil output is poor but has a significant phenol and terpenoid content that may be employed in pharmaceutical sectors. The FT-IR analysis of Luffa cylindrica seed oil revealed a high level of unsaturated hydrocarbons and esters, making the oil appropriate for using in the paint industry and creating cosmetics.

The Future of China's Cultural and Creative Parks: Generating Highly Skilled Talent for the Oil Painting Industry

Since the 21st century, the Chinese oil painting industry has been an engine of growth in the global art industry. Its development is both an economic and social phenomenon in market transformation. This research aims to promote the sustainable development of Cultural and Creative Parks by generating a highly skilled workforce in the Chinese Oil Painting Industries. This research uses a literature review to explain the complex relationship between the Chinese Oil Painting Industries and Cultural and Creative Parks. The results of the research would include the role of the Chinese Oil Painting Industries in the evolution of Cultural and Creative Parks and the role of generating a highly skilled workforce for the Chinese Oil Painting Industries in promoting the sustainable development of Cultural and Creative Parks. The results are expected to lead towards recommending a format for generating a highly skilled workforce for Cultural and Creative Parks with the Chinese Oil Painting Industries at its core. Furthermore, this research will suggest a theory for generating a highly skilled workforce in the Chinese Oil Painting Industry that promotes sustainable development of Cultural and Creative Parks. This article attempts to review and evaluate the achievements of China's cultural and creative industries in the past 20 years from three perspectives: the current situation of the Chinese oil painting industry, the approach to cultivating a highly skilled workforce, and the development path of Cultural and Creative Parks. It is expected to provide a reference for later scholars to conduct related research.

Removal of aqueous solution of Methylene blue dye using “Clitoria ternatea": A Novel Adsorbent

Textile, paper, plastic and paint industries discharge large amount of waste water containing dyes. Dyes are stable to light, non-biodegradable and difficult to degenerate hence they should be removed before discharging the effluents into the environment to diminish health damage and demolition of the environment. The existing work establishes the use of acid treated Clitoria ternatea leaves powder (ATCTLP) for the removal of methylene blue (M.B.) dye from its aqueous solution. For this purpose, batch adsorption process was used. The study revealed that maximum removal of the M.B. dye (5 mg L-1), was found to be 90.86 % at pH 7, contact time 60 min, adsorbent dose 0.02 g and particle size 105μm. The adsorbent was characterized using FESEM, EDX, FTIR, X-RD techniques before and after adsorption which clearly indicates effective adsorption of dye on it. The studied adsorbent is cost effective and can be applied for effluent treatment from dye industry.

A review on natural polymer locust bean gum

Locust bean pods were utilized as cattle feed for a very long time but now its seed endosperm powder is utilized as locust bean gum in various industries such as food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, textile, paint, mining, oil drilling and construction industries for its thickening and stabilizing properties. In pharmaceutical industries, locust bean gum is used in the production of solid monolithic matrix systems, films, beads, micro-particles, nano-particles, inhalable and injectable systems, as well as in viscous liquid and gel formulations. Locust bean gum is used as an additive in food industry due to its thickening and stabilizing property. Its application for bakery purposes results in higher baked product yields; it improves the final texture and adds viscosity in dough. Addition of guar gum in cookies dough improves the machinability of the dough which helps in the better handling of dough with minimum requirement of energy and time.