Pigeonpea Lines Research Articles

RFLP analysis of cytoplasmic male-sterile lines of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] developed by interspecific crosses

Total DNA from three putative cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) progenies derived from crosses between the wild species Cajanus sericeus and the cultivated species Cajanus cajan, five C. cajan, one accession of C. sericeus and two genetic male sterile lines of pigeonpea were compared for their RFLP patterns using maize mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) specific probes. Three putative cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) progenies from the multiple cross genome transfer of pigeonpea lines (CMS 7–1, CMS 12–3, and CMS 33–1) showed hybridization patterns identical to that of C. sericeus when DNA was digested with EcoRI and HindIII and probed with maize mtDNA clones. The results suggested that these putative CMS progenies have the mitochondria of the female wild species parent. The hybridization patterns of the three male parental lines used in the development of the CMS progenies were similar in all the restriction enzyme-probe combinations except HindIII-atp6. The genetic male sterile lines, MS Prabhat and QMS 1 differed from each other in their hybridization pattern. The genomic DNA hybridization pattern of HindIII digested DNA from ICPL 87 differed from the other pigeonpea lines when probed with the maize mtDNA clones. The cluster analysis of the hybridization data suggested the occurrence of variation in the mitochondrial genome even among the cultivated species.

Application of a simple crop physiological model based on some yield determinants to assess the productivity of pigeonpea genotypes in northern Ghana

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is cultivated in northern Ghana mainly on marginal soils towards the end of the rainy season. The crop, therefore, subsists on residual soil moisture for most part of its growth. Little is known, however, about varieties best adapted to this zone under such harsh conditions. Twenty early-maturing pigeonpea lines were, therefore, evaluated in the northern Guinea savanna ecology of Ghana with the objective of determining the physiological basis of their yields. Grain yields (Y), reproductive development (RD), total biomass (T), crop growth rates (CGR), harvest indices (HI) and the rate of partitioning (p) of photosynthates to reproductive sinks were estimated. Wide variations were observed for pod yields and the yield determinants. No direct links were observed between RD and the other parameters. However, there were close correlations between grain yield, T, CGR, HI and p on the other. The possibility of developing genotypes which combine high grain yield, T, CGR, HI and p in a single genetic background is, therefore, achievable. Genotypes with such attributes are most desirable to produce grains for human consumption and fodder for livestock. This study provides an example of how a simple physiological model can enhance the selection efficiency of plant breeders, through a better understanding of the genetic materials that are handled. (Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science, 1997, 30(1): 3-8)

Registration of ICPM 93006, ICPM 93007, and ICPM 93008, Three Short‐Duration Genetic Male‐Sterile Parental Lines of Pigeonpea

Released in 1994, these short-duration, male-sterile parental lines of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) (PI586684 to PI586686, respectively) are noted for the stable nature of their male sterility. They have been used extensively in the development of hybrids, including the World's first pigeon pea hybrid ICPH8, developed using ICPM93006 as the female parent, and IPH732, developed using ICPM93008 as the female parent. ICPM93006 (determinate) and ICPM93007 (indeterminate) were developed by transferring the recessive male-sterile gene ms1 from the medium-duration, indeterminate, male-sterile stock MS3A through backcrossing to the short-duration, determinate cv. Prabhat. ICPM93008, with indeterminate growth habit, was developed by backcrossing MS3A to the indeterminate short-duration cv. T21.

Frequency of Natural Out‐Crossing in Partially Cleistogamous Pigeonpea Lines in Diverse Environments

Natural out‐crossing is the major cause of loss of varietal purity in pegeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. The frequency of natural out‐crossing of partially cleistogamous mutant lines, characterized by a modified keel and filamentous anthers, was studied at two locations in Sri Lanka and three locations in India. Indeterminate growth habit and normal floral morphology were used as dominant markers and the frequency of anural out‐crossing was estimated as percentage of the observed hybrid plants. Natural out‐crossing in the mutant lines in Sri Lanka ranged from 0.14 to 1.33% in comparison to 6.34 to 19.64% in the controls. In the Indian environments, natural outcrossing ranged from 0.16 to 2.67%. The mutant was higly stable over diverse environments, and may be of considerable economic importance in pigeonpea improvement and seed‐production programs.

Relationship between seed size and protein content in newly developed high protein lines of pigeonpea

To develop high protein lines, several crosses were made betweenCajanus as a source of acceptable seed size andAtylosia as a source of high protein. In the present study, 1974 single F7 plants from these intergeneric crosses were examined. Correlation coefficients among these crosses between seed size and seed protein content ranged from −0.30, (P<0.01) to +0.28 (P<0.01). Two crosses had significant negative correlations and one showed a significant positive correlation while in the remaining two no significant association was detected. Based on all the selections there was a highly significant negative correlation (−0.13,P<0.01) between seed size and protein content. However, the extent of variation that could be attributed to this association was small. Observations indicated that in pigeonpea, unlike other legume and cereal crops, simultaneous improvement can be made for seed size and protein. Some high protein lines (HPL 2, HPL 7, HPL 40, and HPL 51) have been identified. Protein content of these lines ranged between 27.0 and 29.0% and 100-grain weight between 10.0 and 12.1 g.

Effect of incandescent and fluorescent lighting used in photoperiod extension on the vegetative growth and floral development of four lines of pigeonpea

The effects of light quality, as used in photoperiod extension, on vegetative growth and floral development of pigeonpea [ Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] were studied using three photoperiod-insensitive lines, QPL2, Prabhat, and Hunt, and one photoperiod-sensitive line, Royes. Plants were grown in controlled-environment cabinets under day/night temperature regimes of 24/16°C (low) and 28/24°C (high) for 72 days after emergence (DAE). The five light treatments consisted of 12 and 16-h photoperiods and a 12-h photoperiod extended to 16 h with low-intensity lighting from either incandescent (I), fluorescent (F), or incandescent plus fluorescent (I+F) lamps. Little genetic variation occurred in vegetative response (main stem length and node number, leaf area and shoot dry weight) to extension light source. Response varied with temperature, plant age and growth stage. Main stem node appearance and stem extension tended to decline following floral initiation (FI), whereas leaf area and shoot dry weight accumulation increased rapidly after 35 or 42 DAE, irrespective of whether plants were vegetative or floral. Plants were larger under the high-temperature regime. Temperature altered plant response to extension light source. I-extension promoted growth under both temperature regimes, whilst I+F promoted growth under high temperatures but was unexpectedly inhibitory under low. Under high temperatures F extension was inhibitory prior to FI, but promoted later growth during floral bud development (FBD). Under low temperatures, F-extension was not inhibitory during the pre-initiation phase. The four genotypes differed in their floral response to extension light source, the effect on initiation and development of floral primordia varying dependent upon temperature. Low temperatures resulted in sensitivity to extension light source, delaying FI and FBD. In Royes, failure to initiate under low temperatures was associated with small plant size (≤3.5 g shoot dry weight). High temperatures tended to negate the delaying effects of extension light source, but resulted in photoperiod sensitivity, delaying FI in the early-flowering lines QPL-2 and Prabhat. Under high temperatures, Royes was insensitive (FI and FBD) to extensions containing incandescent light (I, I+F). Under high temperatures, time of flowering was least affected by incandescent extensions (I, I+F), and most by F-extension, which delayed FBD in all lines. Under low temperatures, I+F extensions resulted in the greatest variation in flowering time. It was concluded that where heterogeneity exists in floral response to the intensity and/or quality of light, use of artificial lighting to select for photoperiod sensitivity may lead to misclassification.

Título en español

En 1981-82 y 1982-83 se evaluaron en Coamo, Puerto Rico, algunas líneas avanzadas del programa del Colegio de Agricultura de la Universidad de Puerto Rico para el mejoramiento del gandul y algunas variedades comerciales. Los altos rendimientos obtenidos en la primera siembra fueron muy similares a los rendimientos informados por la Estación Experimental Agrícola. En la segunda siembra la sequía disminuyó los rendimientos entre 25 y 75% dependiendo de la variedad. Algunas líneas de maduración temprana escaparon de los daños causados por la sequía. Las variedades comerciales tradicionales la resistieron mucho mejor que las líneas nuevas. Aparentemente, la estabilidad en la producción de la cultivar Kaki está relacionada con su amplio período de reproducción que permite un mejor aprovechamiento de las lluvias fuera de época. La recolección a mano es más fácil dada la ramificación vertical y los ramilletes con muchas vainas terminales. Las líneas de semilla grande mostraron una tendencia hacia un mayor número de semillas con daños visibles. Además de la sequía, la sobresaturación del suelo representó otro factor limitativo para el rendimiento del gandul. En los ensayos las plantas localizadas en áreas expuestas a inundación mostraron reducciones en rendimiento de 5 a 60%.

Reaction of some pigeonpea lines to sterility mosaic disease

Reaction of some pigeonpea lines to sterility mosaic disease

Inheritance of protein content and its correlation with grain yield in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)

Four lines of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) ware selected for variability in protein content and were used as parents in crosses. The F2 mean protein contents were generally between the parents, but slightly closer to the low-protein parent. Reciprocal differences in protein of F1 seeds and its absence in F2 seeds showed that the maternal genotypes controlled protein content.

Identification of in Vitro Resistance of Pigeon Peas [Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.] to Phytophthora Stem Canker

A total of 617 accessions and 40 pigeon pea lines were screened in vitro for their resistance to Phytophthora parasitica. Several entries were found resistant to the pathogen in stem-piece inoculations. Even after injury accessions 394-014, 396-383, 396-356, 396-731, 396-295 and lines 8 AB-2 and 731BD did not show lesions from P. parasitica even when injured.

Título en español.

Se seleccionó un número de líneas de gandur de la segunda generación de un material previamente tratado con rayos gamma y neutrones. Estas líneas se incluyeron en ensayos experimentales en su tercera y cuarta generación. Se observaron los siguientes resultados: 1. Algunas de estas líneas fueron más tempranas y otras más tardías en producción que la variedad madre, Kaki. 2. Hubo líneas de mejor producción que la variedad madre y que la variedad tardía Saragateado. Los resultados de las generaciones X3 y X4 indican 1, que la irradiación causó mutaciones que condicionaron un aumento en rendimiento en líneas selectas de gandur; 2, que el efecto de las mutaciones sobre el rendimiento fué suficientemente grande para poderse medir con los procedimientos usuales de prueba; y 3, que es posible fijar alguna variabilidad genética en las familias irradiadas mediante una continua selección de plantas individuales, como en el caso de la época de florecida. Se continuará el estudio y purificación de estas líneas para determinar su estabilidad genética y valor comercial, o como fuente de germoplasma para futuros trabajos de mejoramiento.