Piezoelectric Energy Research Articles

Simulação da implantação de dispositivo de energia piezoelétrica em pavimento de cruzamentos urbanos

Energy Harvesting é o conceito que visa transformar o peso do veículo que trafega sobre a pista em energia elétrica, converter pressão mecânica em eletricidade, este é o princípio da tecnologia piezoelétrica em teste atualmente em rodovias e vias urbanas pelo mundo. Este tipo de energia varia em função da grandeza da carga do veículo e do número de vezes que o mesmo passa, consequentemente essa forma de energia é descontínua, sendo melhor aproveitada quando empregada em vias com alto fluxo de veículos. Nesse contexto, apresenta-se um estudo baseado na simulação de implantação de dispositivos piezoelétricos em um cruzamento urbano com semáforo em três cidades brasileiras de portes distintos: Marau, Erechim e Passo Fundo. A energia piezoelétrica ainda se mostra em fase inicial de desenvolvimento tecnológico e experimental, contudo se mostra com potencial de utilização em meio urbano, principalmente pela concentração de veículos leves, velocidades operacionais e como fonte complementar à rede elétrica existente.

Piezoelectric MEMS Energy Harvester from Airflow at Low Flow Velocities

Piezoelectric MEMS Energy Harvester from Airflow at Low Flow Velocities

Design and Implementation of Piezoelectric Tiles on Pavements and Asphalt Roads

The paper aims to design a piezoelectric harvester which is capable of harvesting electrical energy in response to the applied mechanical stress. In this contemporary world, the piezoelectric energy is one of the primary form of energy source and it is also one of the renewable energy source which can be harvested easily by means of converting mechanical stress into electrical energy. In this paper, a model of piezoelectric tile which consists of piezoelectric transducers and this can be implanted under the pavements and underneath the asphalt roads to convert those mechanical stresses created by foot steps and moving of vehicle tyres into electrical energy is proposed. By implanting those piezoelectric tiles on the pavements and asphalt roads , It converts those mechanical vibrations created by the moving vehicle into the useful form of the energy and also the aim of sustainable development is achieved.

Uniform Stress Distribution of Bimorph by Arc Mechanical Stopper for Maximum Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesting

To convert as much vibration energy as possible into electrical energy, the design of a high-performance piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (PVEH) has been studied widely in recent years. To overcome the low energy utilization of a traditional piezoelectric cantilever by inhomogeneous strain, a uniform stress distribution of bimorph by an ARC mechanical stopper structure has been designed for maximum piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting. Deflection equations and their simulation at the first-order modal of two classic bimorph cantilever beam models, with transverse tip force and with equal curvature, are derived based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam assumption. Piezoelectric energy from a beam model with equal curvature is four times that of a cantilever beam model with transverse tip force at the theoretical level. The nonlinear frequency response performance of bimorphs by an ARC mechanical stopper and point stopper model could be observed by the numerical simulations of the lumped parameter electromechanical model. PVEH prototypes were manufactured by 3D printing and tested. To verify the high-power generation capacity, PVEH with an ARC stopper has 1.756 times more voltage than that of a PVEH with a point stopper.

Piezoelectric and thermoelectric energy harvesting system based on a self-triggered flyback converter topology

Piezoelectric and thermoelectric energy harvesting system based on a self-triggered flyback converter topology

MXenes for Energy Harvesting.

Energy harvesting modules play an increasingly important role in the development of autonomous self-powered microelectronic devices. MXenes (i.e., 2D transition metal carbide/nitride) have recently emerged as promising candidates for energy applications due to their excellent electronic conductivity, large specific surface area, and tunable properties. Herein, a perspective on using MXenes to harvest energy from various sources in the environment is presented. First, the characteristics of MXenes that facilitate energy capturing are systematically introduced and the preparation strategies of MXenes and their derived nanostructures tailored toward such applications are summarized. Subsequently, the harvesting mechanism of different energy sources (e.g., solar energy, thermoelectric energy, triboelectric energy, piezoelectric energy, salinity-gradient energy, electrokinetic energy, ultrasound energy, and humidity energy) are discussed. Then, the recent progress of MXene-based nanostructures in energy harvesting, as well as their applications, is introduced. Finally, opinions on the existing challenges and future directions of MXene-based nanostructure for energy harvesting are presented.

Tire strain piezoelectric energy harvesters: a systematic review

Intelligent tires are regular tires with additional sensors attached to measure different parameters, such as pressure, temperature, and tire dynamic condition. Sensors mounted inside tires are usually powered by batteries. An alternative power source for these sensors is piezoelectric energy, which uses piezoelectric patches that can be mounted close to the sensors inside vehicle tires. Piezoelectric energy is a battery-less energy source with a long lifespan and environmentally friendly characteristics. This paper presents a comprehensive review of piezoelectric energy harvesters that harvest vehicle tire strain and convert it to electrical energy to power inner tire sensors. The aim of this review was to characterize the possible available tire piezoelectric strain energy harvesters and their advantages and challenges for each type, shape, and material used by researchers so far. The related articles were categorized according to the installation method of the harvester inside the vehicle tire. The four categories are inner tire treadwall, tire bead–rim interface, tire inner sidewall, and tire bead. The maximum power generated was 2300 mW from a treadwall tire strain piezoelectric harvester. Ten challenges were mentioned and classified into three main groups: host environment, installation method, and scavenging system.

Study of effect of pressure of pelletisation on structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric and energy storage properties of barium zirconium titanate

The effect of pressure of pelletisation on the density, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric and energy storage density of B-site Zr doped barium titanate has been studied. X-ray diffraction confirmed that zirconium form complete solid solution with barium titanate. It has been observed that 4 ton/cm2 is an optimum pressure of pelletisation which gives maximum density, maximum dielectric constant, maximum piezoelectric constant and high energy storage density with efficiency of 67.68%. There is a good correlation among the density, grain size, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. These results suggest that this material has a potential for energy storage applications.

A Self-Powered Flyback Pulse Resonant Circuit for Combined Piezoelectric and Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting

A Self-Powered Flyback Pulse Resonant Circuit for Combined Piezoelectric and Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting

Modeling and Simulation of Dual Beams Hybrid Energy Harvester for Bridge’s Health Monitoring Systems

From last few decades, the piezoelectric materials are widely used in the field of structural health monitoring because of its ability for voltage dependent actuation. This paper presents the analytical modeling and simulation of a hybrid (electromagnetic and piezoelectric) energy harvester (having nonlinear behavior) that generates power from vibrations of bridges for structure health monitoring systems. The modeled hybrid energy harvester is comprised of two beams and two tip masses attached to the ends of both beams. Beam 1 consists of a piezoelectric layer and a substrate layer while beam 2 contains a coil and permanent magnet. The two beams are assembled with a specific L shaped geometry. Base excitations are provided in the transverse direction of the first beam of the harvester. The L-shape structure is modeled as a continuous system rather than a lumped-mass system to investigate the dynamic behavior of the structure in more detailed manner. The simulation is performed for both parallel as well as series combinations of the piezoelectric layers. In the case of a parallel combination of piezoelectric layers’ maximum voltage of 1.66 V is obtained at the resonance frequency of the structure with 0.2 g acceleration level which resulted in the corresponding power of 65.61 µW. However, in the case of series combination simulation resulted in the production of the maximum voltage of 1.95 V and a corresponding power of 90.54 µW at 0.2 g acceleration level.

T-type Piezoelectric Cantilever-Beam Energy Harvester based on Vortex-Induced Vibration

A new piezoelectric cantilever energy harvester based on vortex-induced vibration was proposed. The influence of some parameters was by mathematical modeling, numerical simulation and experimental testing. The results showed that the voltage value increased with the increase of wind speed within the test range. When the bluff body was a cylinder with a diameter of 0.02 m, a height of 0.05 m, and the ratio of the distance between bluff body and harvester and bluff body diameter was 2, the maximum voltage of the T-type piezoelectric cantilever beam energy harvester was 1.02 V. It provided theoretical and experimental references for energy harvesting in the wind.

Lumped Parameter Evaluation Model Analysis and Load Coupling Modeling of Piezoelectric Composite Cantilever Beam

In order to study the working mechanism of piezoelectric composite cantilever beam and improve the ability of predicting the power generation performance of piezoelectric composite cantilever vibration energy harvester (CVEH), the simple and high-precision analysis models of equivalent mass and equivalent stiffness of CVEH are proposed. The natural frequency method is used to compare the calculation results of the evaluation model, Rayleigh Ritz method and finite element simulation, and the results show that the consistency (Ω) between the evaluation model and the finite element simulation is more than 95%. The influence of the mass ratio (α) between the end mass of the beam and the weight of the beam itself on Ω is analyzed by using the proposed evaluation model, which shows that Ω increases with the increase of α, and the increase is more significant in the range of 0<α<4. The analysis of the influence of α on the natural frequency of the beam () shows that decreases with the increase of α, and the decrease is more obvious in the range of 0<α<2. According to the evaluation model, the electromechanical conversion analysis models of CVEH and its control equation with coupling of standard energy harvesting (SEH) interface circuit and Double synchronous switch harvesting (DSSH) interface circuit are established respectively, and the mathematical models of its output voltage are derived. The power generation experiment of CVEH is carried out, and the results show that the proposed models are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Power-Generation Optimization Based on Piezoelectric Ceramic Deformation for Energy Harvesting Application with Renewable Energy

Along with the increase in renewable energy, research on energy harvesting combined with piezoelectric energy is being conducted. However, it is difficult to predict the power generation of combined harvesting because there is no data on the power generation by a single piezoelectric material. Before predicting the corresponding power generation and efficiency, it is necessary to quantify the power generation by a single piezoelectric material alone. In this study, the generated power is measured based on three parameters (size of the piezoelectric ceramic, depth of compression, and speed of compression) that contribute to the deformation of a single PZT (Lead zirconate titanate)-based piezoelectric element. The generated power was analyzed by comparing with the corresponding parameters. The analysis results are as follows: (i) considering the difference between the size of the piezoelectric ceramic and the generated power, 20 mm was the most efficient piezoelectric ceramic size, (ii) considering the case of piezoelectric ceramics sized 14 mm, the generated power continued to increase with the increase in the compression depth of the piezoelectric ceramic, and (iii) For piezoelectric ceramics of all diameters, the longer the depth of deformation, the shorter the frequency, and depending on the depth of deformation, there is a specific frequency at which the charging power is maximum. Based on the findings of this study, PZT-based elements can be applied to cases that receive indirect force, including vibration energy and wave energy. In addition, the power generation of a PZT-based element can be predicted, and efficient conditions can be set for maximum power generation.

Theoretical study on a novel piezoelectric ocean wave energy harvester driven by oscillating water column

ABSTRACT The wireless sensors offer the possibility of highly accurate salinity, temperature, or pollution detection for the ocean. Therefore, a novel self-powered piezoelectric wave energy harvester with a long service life was developed to replace the batteries in the sensors. A Pb(Zr,Ti)O3(PZT-5A) piezoelectric converter was applied to displace the traditional air turbine in this paper. The wave crest enters the chamber and compresses the entrapped air with oscillating water column (OWC). The outlet of piezoelectric patch deforms and output electric power when it is forced by the fluctuating air pressure. Based on the velocity potential and Green’s function method, theoretical analyses were conducted in the assumption of an incompressible fluid. A numerical OWC aerodynamic model was developed to verify the theoretical calculation based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations solver and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) commercial software. The fluctuating air pressure was obtained in the chamber by numerical simulation. The pressure rose to 65 Pa when the ocean wave entered the air chamber with a daft of 0.3 m and a period of 1.8 s. Resultly, the piezoelectric harvester generates electric energy of J. This electric energy was used to evaluate the efficiency piezoelectric wave energy conversion system. Theoretical calculation results were consistent with that of the numerical simulation very well. This work testified their validity for the novel wave energy harvesting system.

Segmented Cantilever and Array Configurations for Wider Frequency Band and Higher Power Generation in Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester

This letter reports a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester which energy conversion efficiency is significantly improved by arraying piezoelectric sheets on cantilever beams, and the operation frequency band is widened by applying two‐segment cantilever beams. A prototype is developed and tested. In this case, two group piezoelectric arrays are combined on the cantilever beams with the optimum load resistance. The total output power remains above 6.54 mW within the operation frequency band ranges from 27.5 Hz to 37.5 Hz when the generator is under an acceleration of 0.7 g and reaches two power peaks: 20.5 mW at 29.2 Hz and 12.95 mW at 35.4 Hz.

Analysis of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Interface Circuit Applied to Automobile Engine Vibration

In order to realize the continuous power supply for the vibration fault monitoring system of automobile engine, aiming at the low efficiency and instability of the existing piezoelectric full bridge rectifier energy collection circuit, this paper proposes a circuit scheme based on synchronous charge extraction. The scheme can provide circuit collection efficiency, and analyze the power of the circuit by impedance analysis. Finally, the experiment shows that the theoretical analysis is consistent with the experimental results. And the synchronous electrical charge extraction circuit can harvest power up to 1.3mW under low frequency conditions, which is higher than 0.5mW collected by the full-bridge rectifier circuit under the same conditions. The harvested energy meets the power requirements of automotive sensors and microcontrollers.

Characterization of Optimized Dual-Frequency Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesters

Characterization of Optimized Dual-Frequency Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesters

GENERATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY THROUGH ROADS, BRIDGES AND CYCLE PATHS

Abstract: The economic growing and technological development brought advantages to society. However, the adoption of the sustainable development is necessary so the future generations will not be compromised. In this way, the present work has as its objective presenting a bibliographical review about roads, bridges and bike lanes that generate renewable energy. The photovoltaic panels are very important to generate energy on the roads and, as an example, the acoustic barriers on the roads can be exchanged or implemented with photovoltaic panels to maintain the function of sound barrier and of generator of electric power at the same time. Another way of generating renewable energy are bike lanes, in the Netherlands, as an example, it is utilized a special concrete, superimposed by a layer of highly resistant glass with photovoltaic cells, so the installed floor can convert sunlight into energy. The piezoelectric energy can also generate energy in bike lanes using a pressure-sensitive floor with friction from bicycle tires. When it comes to bridges, a project developed in Italy intends to place solar panels and wind generation turbines in a bridge as a way of generating energy, generating around 40 million kW/h in one year. The proposal of this bridge is to fulfill empty spaces among the existing pillars on the bridge to integrate the system of wind turbines in the structure. It can be concluded that, throughout time, the renewable energies have been standing out and civil construction has shown an important role in this sector, presenting technological solutions and taking advantage of spaces in relation to the implantation of roads, bridges and bike lanes.Key words: Sustainability. Renewable Energy. Photovoltaic Plates. Piezoeletric Energy. Wind Energy.

Modeling and Design of a Piezoelectric Nonlinear Aeroelastic Energy Harvester

In the present era, the possibility to generate electrical energy from an operational environment is a critical factor for an aerospace industry to drive microelectronic components. In this research, a solution for the energy harvesting mechanism based on fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is investigated. The possibility to harvest energy from post-critical aeroelastic behavior, known as Limit Cycle Oscillations (LCOs) through piezoelectric transduction is presented. A typical condition for energy harvesting, which requires a strong interaction between the external energy and the components where the harvester is embedded. The LCOs arise after the flutter speed in nonlinear aeroelastic systems, and these oscillations are utilized for harvesting phenomenon. The analytical model is developed for both the FSI and electromechanical behavior of the piezoelectric harvester. In particular, the importance of the aerodynamic model for determining the performance of the harvester is stressed. Two different piezoelectric materials, i.e. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5A) and Barium titanate (BaTiO3) is used in the designed harvester. The presented model is suitable to harvest energy and to drive wireless sensors. The maximum power output obtained by the designed piezoelectric aeroelastic energy harvester (PAEH) is found to be 5.5 mW for 0.1 mΩ of resistance.

Analysis of the component forces of the nonlinear magnetic force in energy harvester

In the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester, permanent magnets are often used to generate nonlinear applied magnetics force to improve the energy utilization rate of the system, the modeling analysis and accurate calculation of the force between magnets in the system is a difficult problem in the study of nonlinear bistable vibration energy harvesting. During the deformation of the cantilever beam, the direct force of the permanent magnet block can be divided into horizontal and vertical component forces. In most existing literatures analyzing such problems, the magnetizing current method magnetic force calculation model of double-stabilized electric beam mainly considers the influence of vertical magnetic force on the system of cantilever beam, and it is considered that the horizontal component of magnetic force has little influence on the vibration response of cantilever beam, but there is no detailed proof and elaboration of this problem. In this paper, the magnetic force, the effect of magnetic force on natural frequency and magnetic potential energy are calculated and simulated from three aspects. Through the comparison of results, it is proved that the effect of the horizontal magnetic force on the whole nonlinear piezoelectric beam vibration energy harvester can be ignored.